Uma uzwa 'i-tilt gravity die casting', isithombe sokuqala esivame ukuvela yile nqubo ebushelelezi, ezenzakalelayo ethela insimbi engenasici. Eqinisweni, kuyithiphu elawulwayo, eyenziwe ngamabomu. Umqondo oyinhloko ulula: esikhundleni sokulahla insimbi encibilikisiwe iqonde phansi, utshekisa isikhunta ukuze insimbi igcwalise kancane, unciphise isiyaluyalu. Kodwa kulapho ithiyori ihlangana khona nesitezi sesitolo - ukuthola isivinini sokutsheka kanye ne-engeli efanele ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi ngama-alloys akhohlisayo, yilapho amashumi eminyaka othuli lwe-foundry egcina khona.
I-Mechanics of the Tilt nokuthi Kungani Kungeyona I-Gimmick Nje
Ake siphule 'itshekile'. Akukhona ngomshini kanokusho, nakuba lezo zikhona. Imayelana nokulawula ingaphambili lensimbi. Ekuthululeni okujwayelekile kwamandla adonsela phansi, uthola umphumela wempophoma. Entweni efana nendlu yevalvu yensimbi engenasici enezindonga ezincane, leyo iresiphi yokufaka i-oxide nokugijima kwenkungu. Inqubo yokutsheka ivumela insimbi ukuthi ikhuphuke odongeni lomgodi. Cabanga ngokuthela ubhiya kancane kancane uma uqhathanisa nokuwushutheka phakathi. Owokuqala ukunikeza ikhanda elingcono, okokugcina kube isiphithiphithi. Ngamagama ensimbi, 'ikhanda' elingcono lisho ukufakwa kwegesi okumbalwa kanye nesakhiwo sokusanhlamvu esingaguquki.
Ngikhumbula umsebenzi esawenza eminyakeni edlule we-pump impeller in duplex stainless. Iklayenti libe nezinkinga nge-shrinkage porosity kuhabhu emaphakathi lisebenzisa izindlela zendabuko. Saphikisana ngendlela yokutsheka. Ukungabaza kokuqala kwakumayelana nesikhathi somjikelezo - kuhamba kancane ngokungenakuphikwa ekutheleni. Kodwa inkokhelo yayisezingeni elincishisiwe le-scrap. Ngokutshekisa, siqondise isikhungo esishisayo sokusakaza ngendlela ebikezeleke kakhudlwana, okwenze ukubeka amakhaza nezikhuphukeli kucishe kube umsebenzi wesayensi kunomdlalo wokuqagela. Isivuno sibe ngcono cishe ngo-15%, okuthe kulezo zindleko zempahla, kuthethelele ukuthela okuhamba kancane.
Lapho kukhanya khona ngempela ngalawo ama-alloys akhethekile i-QSY evame ukuphatha, njengalawo asekelwe ku-nickel. Lezi zi-viscous, ziqina ngokushesha, futhi ziyabiza. Awukwazi ukukhokhela isiphithiphithi esiholela ekufakweni ozokuthola kuphela ngesikhathi somshini. Ukutsheka kuba yisidingo, hhayi inketho. Kuyisixazululo esisebenzayo sokulawula ukugcwalisa ngendlela ukuthela okuqondile kuvame ukufana namajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi.
Izinto Ezibalulekile: Akukona Ukutshekisa Okukodwa-Kulingana-Konke
Lokhu wukwengamela okuvamile. Imingcele yokutsheka yensimbi empunga iyizwe elihlukile kunaleyo yealloy esekelwe ku-cobalt. Ngensimbi ewukhonkolo, ubhekene nokugeleza kwamanzi okuhle kodwa ukuthambekela kokwakhiwa kwamanyela uma ukuthela kunodlame kakhulu. Isivinini sokutsheka esimaphakathi siyasebenza. Kodwa shintshela ku-high-nickel alloy, futhi umdlalo uyashintsha. Insimbi 'imfushane', ayigelezi kalula. Udinga i-engeli yokutsheka eyaqalayo ukuze wenze insimbi inyakaze, bese kuba nesiphetho esinensa kakhulu, esilawulwayo ukuze uphakele izigaba eziqina ekugcineni.
Sifunde lokhu ngendlela enzima kuphrojekthi yakuqala yobakaki okwazi ukumelana nokushisa. Ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokutshekisa okwenziwe ngensimbi kungxubevange ye-nickel-chromium kuholele ekuvaleni okubandayo ekugcineni okukude kwesikhala. Insimbi yayihlinza ngaphambi kokuba umgodi ugcwale. Ukulungisa kwakungekhona nje ukusheshisa ukutsheka; kwakumayelana nokushisisa ngaphambili idayi ngendlela ehlukile futhi uqale ukutsheka kakhudlwana ukuze uthole ingaphambili eligijimayo, bese wehlisela phansi ngqo. Yilo mdanso ophakathi kwezinga lokushisa, isivinini sokutsheka, ne-engeli oyithola kuphela ekujikeni izikhathi ezimbalwa.
Yilapho okuhlangenwe nakho okubalulekile kwe-Foundry, njengeminyaka engama-30-odd QSY ibalula khona, kuba okubambekayo. Akukhona nje ngokuba nemishini; imayelana nokuba nenkumbulo yenqubo yalokho okusebenza nge-Inconel 718 iqhathaniswa ne-304 engenasici. Inqubo yokutsheka ikhulisa ukubaluleka kwalezi zinto ezicashile. Indlela ejwayelekile izokunikeza imiphumela ejwayelekile, evame ukuba nephutha.
I-Tooling and Die Design: Iqhawe Elingasuliwe
Idizayini ye-die yokusakazwa kwe-tilt ihluke kakhulu. I-gateing kanye nesistimu yomgijimi ilula ngezinye izindlela ngoba awuncikile ohlelweni oluyinkimbinkimbi ukuze ulawule ukugeleza - ukutsheka kwenza lokho. Kodwa kufanele ucabange ngendlela yensimbi njengoba i-die ijikeleza. I-ingate idinga ukumiswa ukuze ibe indawo ephansi kakhulu ekuqaleni kokutshekisa, futhi umoya kufanele usebenze kukho konke ukunyakaza okujikelezayo, hhayi nje ukugcwaliswa okumile.
Ngike ngabona ukufa lapho izimbobo zibekwe kahle ukuze zithelwe mpo kodwa zaba izicupho ezingenamsebenzi zomoya uma sezitshekile ama-degree angu-45. Ugcina usunamaphakethe kagesi ezindaweni ezingalungile. Isixazululo ngokuvamile sibandakanya izintuba eziningi, ezincane eduze komugqa wokuhlukanisa futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezintuba zesikhashana ze-ceramic ezindaweni eziphakeme zokufa kokuqala. Kuyindida, ukuxazulula izinkinga okusebenzayo.
Ukuphila kokufa kungenye into. Ukuthintana okunensayo, okuqhubekayo kwensimbi eshisayo ekhuphuka odongeni lokufa kungaholela emaphethini ahlukene okukhathala okushisayo uma kuqhathaniswa nokushaqeka kokuthela okugcwele. Sivame ukubona ukuqhekeka okuhle kakhulu, ukuhlola ukushisa ezindaweni zokugcwalisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kusho ukuthi ishejuli yakho yesondlo sokufa idinga ukulandisa ngalokhu. Akuyona inqubo yokubeka-futhi-ukhohlwe-yikho; idinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe kusimo sokusebenza somjikelezo-kuya-kumjikelezo.
Ukuhlanganiswa Nezinqubo Zesibili: Isixhumanisi Somshini
Lona umholo obalulekile. Okwenziwe kahle tilt gravity die casting akuwona umkhiqizo wokugcina; i-preform eseduze-net-shape yomshini we-CNC. Ukuvumelana okulethayo kuyiphupho likamashini. Uma umsindo wangaphakathi kanye nokuntuleka kokufakwa okunzima kubikezelwa, ungaphusha okuphakelayo kwe-CNC futhi usheshe kakhulu. Awuzikhathazi ngokushaya iphakethe lesihlabathi noma iqoqo lama-oxide elizophahlaza isigayo sokuphela sika-$200.
Esikhungweni esiphatha kokubili ukulingisa kanye nokwenza imishini endlini, njengokusetha okuhlanganisiwe okuphakanyiswe amasevisi e-QSY, lokhu kusebenzisana kukhulu. Ithimba labalingisi lazi kahle ukuthi omashini badingani ngokwezindawo ze-datum, isibonelelo esincane sesitoko, kanye nokufana. Uma ulawula ukugcwaliswa ngokutshekisa, uthola ukuncipha okubikezelwa okwengeziwe, okusho ukuthi ungabeka ingxenye kufayizi ukuze unciphise ukuhlanekezela komshini okulandelayo. Ishintsha imisebenzi emibili ehlukene ibe ukugeleza komsebenzi okukodwa okuqhubekayo.
Ukuhlolwa kwangempela kusemshinini wokulinganisa wokudidiyela (CMM). Izingxenye ezisuka ekuthululeni okuneziyaluyalu zivame ukubonisa ukuhluka kwe-dimensional okungahambelani kahle nokufa - ukucindezeleka okungahleliwe okuvela ekupholiseni okungalingani. Izingxenye ze-Tilt-cast, ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwami, zibonisa amaphethini. Uma kukhona ukuchezuka, kuyaphindaphindeka futhi kulandeleke emuva ekuphambukeni kwefa noma iphrofayili eshisayo, okuyinto ongayilungisela yona.
Imikhawulo kanye Nokuyekethisa Kwangempela Komhlaba
Akuyona inhlamvu yomlingo. Umkhawulo omkhulu ingxenye yejometri. Imigodi ejulile, emincane? Kunzima. Insimbi ingalahlekelwa ukushisa okukhulu ngaphambi kokuba ifike phansi. Kwesinye isikhathi kufanele uhlanganise ukutsheka nomsizi omncane we-counter-gravity noma usebenzise isandiso sokufa esishisayo. Kwengeza ubunkimbinkimbi. Ezingxenyeni ezilula, eziyizicucu, izindleko kanye nesikhathi sesistimu yokutsheka kungase kungathethelelwa. Indawo emnandi iyingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi lapho ubuqotho bubalulekile.
Isikhathi somjikelezo, njengoba kushiwo, side. Isigaba sokuthela sihamba kancane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukufa kudinga ukubanjwa kuma-engeli athile ngesikhathi sokuqina ukuze kusize ukuphakela, okubopha umshini. Ngevolumu ephezulu, izinto ezingabizi kakhulu, lokhu kuwukuphula isivumelwano. Le nqubo ingeyevolumu ephansi, izingxenye zenani eliphezulu. Cabanga ngokufakwa kwe-aerospace, imizimba yamavalvu akhethekile, izingxenye zezimoto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu - izindawo lapho okugxilwe khona kwe-QSY kuqondana khona.
Ekugcineni, kukhona isici somuntu. Kuyinqubo ecashile ukusetha nokuqapha. Umsebenzisi udinga ukuqonda lokho akubonayo ekugcwaliseni futhi anikezwe amandla okwenza izinguquko ezincane. I-othomathikhi encane kune-robotic ethela endaweni emile. Uhweba ngokusebenza kahle okungaphekiwe ukuze ulawule nekhwalithi. Emakethe yanamuhla, engxenyeni efanele, lokho kuwukuhweba onjiniyela abaningi abazimisele ukuwenza. Umgomo awukona nje ukulingisa; kuyinto enokwethenjelwa, ingxenye esebenzisekayo engahluleki emkhakheni. Futhi ngokuvamile, lokho kuqala ngokutshekisa okulula, ngokucophelela.
