Lokacin da kuka ji 'Alloy 21', ƙungiyar nan da nan ga mutane da yawa a cikin filinmu shine 'ƙarshen nickel gami', galibi ana yin su tare da kwatankwacinsu Hastelloy C-276 ko Inconel 625. Wannan shine karo na farko na gama gari-zaton yana da wani doki mai jure lalata. A hakikanin gaskiya, takamaiman abun da ke ciki, wannan ma'auni na nickel, chromium, molybdenum, da kuma abin da ke cikin ƙarfe mai sarrafawa, yana ba shi wani nau'i na musamman. Ba koyaushe ba shine zaɓi na farko don mafi girman rage yawan acid ɗin ba, amma a cikin mahalli mai gauraya, musamman inda chlorides da oxidizing salts suka shiga cikin wasa, kwanciyar hankali shine inda na ga yana haskakawa. Na tuna da wani aikin shekaru baya inda abokin ciniki ya nace a kan C-276 don jikin bawul mai rikitarwa, amma bayan nazarin ainihin yanayin sabis - wanda ya haɗa da cakuda nitric da hydrofluoric acid mai zafi - mun matsa don canzawa zuwa. Alloi 21. Bayanan aiki da rayuwar sabis na ƙarshe sun inganta waccan kiran. Irin wannan ilimin ƙayyadaddun aikace-aikace ne ke raba daidaitaccen aiki da ingantaccen aikin injiniya.
Halayen Material da Nuances na Machining
Aiki tare da Alloi 21 a cikin shagon wani dabba ne daban da karatun tafsirinsa. Its machinability ne ... bari mu ce, m. Ba shine mafi tsauri daga wurin ba, amma yana aiki-hardens da ƙarfi. Idan kayan aikinku ba su da kaifi, ba za ku yanke ba; kawai kuna ƙone saman da haɓaka zafi. Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuya a farkon tsari na famfo impellers. An yi amfani da abin da aka sawa ɗan ƙaramin sawa, ƙimar ciyarwar ta kasance mai ɗan ra'ayin mazan jiya-ya ƙare da kyakkyawar fata mai tauri wanda ya sanya ƙarshen ƙarshe ya zama mafarki mai ban tsoro kuma ya kusan lalata ƙimar girman ɓangaren.
Makullin, a gare mu, ya zama m saitin kuma m, tabbatacce-rake yankan. Dole ne ku shiga ƙarƙashin Layer mai taurin aiki. Coolant ba kawai don sanyaya ba; don man shafawa ne don hana ginannun gefen. Mun daidaita a kan babban mai sanyaya matsa lamba ta kayan aiki don ayyukan mu na CNC akan wannan kayan. Ya yi duniya na bambanci a cikin kayan aiki rayuwa da surface gama daidaito. Yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗancan kayan inda sigogin injin ɗin da zaku yi amfani da su don bakin karfe 316 zasu kai ku kai tsaye zuwa ga gazawar kuɗi.
Wani mahimmin batu shine halinsa a lokacin ƙirar harsashi ko simintin saka hannun jari. Ruwan sa yana da kyau, amma yana da kula da yawan zafin jiki da zafin jiki. Yayi sanyi sosai, kuma kuna haɗarin hazo yana gudana ko sanyi yana rufe a cikin sassan bakin ciki; yayi zafi sosai, kuma zaku iya samun ci gaban hatsi da yawa ko amsawa tare da wasu abubuwan da ke hana ƙura. Mun zauna akan taga mai kunkuntar zafin jiki, mai goyan bayan pyrometer cak, ba kawai alamun gani ba. Bayan simintin gyare-gyare, maganin zafi yana da mahimmanci don rage damuwa da haɓaka kaddarorin lalata-ba matakin zaɓi ba ne.
Aikace-aikacen Duniya na Gaskiya da Takamaiman Harka
Yawancin aikinmu tare da Alloi 21 yana ƙarewa a sarrafa sinadarai, amma ba koyaushe a cikin manyan tasoshin ba. Wasu daga cikin mafi mahimmancin aikace-aikacen suna cikin ƙarami, hadaddun sassa inda juriyar lalatarsa da matsakaicin ƙarfinsa suke da mahimmanci. Tunanin bawul internals, famfo casings, agitator shafts, kuma musamman kayan aiki don tsarin kula da gauraye acid.
Na tuna wani aikin da aka samo ta Fasahar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY). Suna buƙatar saitin tubalan na al'ada don ma'aikacin matukin jirgi yana gwada sabon tsarin hada magunguna. Muhallin ya kasance hadaddiyar giyar kwayoyin acid, chlorides, da burbushin bromides a yanayin zafi mai tsayi. Ƙirar farko ta ƙayyadad da wani bakin karfe mai duplex. Koyaya, bisa ga rushewar sunadarai da aka bayar, an sami babban haɗarin rami da lalata lalata. Mun ba da shawara Alloi 21 a matsayin dan takara mafi dacewa.
Kalubalen shine tashoshi na ciki masu rikitarwa na manifold. Yana buƙatar haɗakar da simintin saka hannun jari don samar da mahimman hanyoyin hanyoyin da ma'auni na 5-axis CNC machining don gama fuskokin tashar jiragen ruwa da fiskoki masu hawa zuwa m tolerances. Kwarewar QSY tare da simintin gyare-gyaren harsashi da injina na CNC don gami na musamman yana da mahimmanci anan. Yin simintin gyare-gyaren dole ne ya kasance mai sauti, ba tare da ƙarancin ƙarancin da zai iya zama wurin ƙaddamar da lalata ba, kuma injin ɗin na gaba dole ne ya zama mara aibi don tabbatar da amincin hatimi. Sassan da aka yi ba tare da fitowa ba don tafiyar matukin na tsawon shekaru biyu, wanda shine gwaji na ƙarshe. Wannan haɗin kai tsakanin zaɓin abu, ƙimar simintin gyare-gyare, da mashin ɗin daidaitaccen aiki shine inda ake isar da ƙimar gaske.
Haɗin kai tare da Ƙwararren Kafa da Injin Injiniya
Wannan ya kawo ni ga tsarin halittu don samar da irin waɗannan sassa. Ba za ku iya mika zane kawai ba Alloi 21 bangaren zuwa kowane kantin injin. Dukkanin sarkar, tun daga samun ƙwararrun gami da ingot zuwa binciken ƙarshe, yana buƙatar ƙwarewa. Kamfanin kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), tare da shekarun da suka bayyana a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da machining, musamman nuna alama na musamman, yana wakiltar irin abokin tarayya da ake bukata. Ayyukansu na dogon lokaci yana nuna cewa da alama sun zagaya hanyoyin koyon kayan kamar wannan.
Lokacin kimanta abokin tarayya, Ina neman shaidar sarrafa tsari. Domin Alloi 21, Yana da game da aikin narkewar su (VIM ko AOD?), Yadda suke sarrafa kayan ƙira don saka hannun jari don guje wa gurɓata, da ka'idodin injin ɗin su na CNC don kayan da aka yanke. Shin suna da tarihin samar da sassan da ke ɗauke da matsi ko hatimi mai mahimmanci? Gaskiyar cewa QSY a bayyane ya ba da lissafin tushen abubuwan nickel a matsayin ƙwararru shine mahimmin bayanan da ya dace. Yana nufin sun saka hannun jari a cikin kayan aiki, sakawa, da ilimin fasaha da ake buƙata don sarrafa waɗannan kayan cikin riba da dogaro.
A cikin haɗin gwiwa ɗaya, ƙimar ƙimar ta fito ne daga ra'ayoyin ƙungiyar injinin su yayin matakin DFM (Design for Manufacturability). Sun yi nuni da wasu radiyoyin kusurwa na ciki a kan simintin gyare-gyaren da suka yi tsayin daka don yin aiki mai inganci tare da gamawar da ake buƙata a kan. Alloi 21. Mun ɗan sassauta juriyar haƙuri, wanda ya guje wa yuwuwar ƙirƙira ƙira da wuce gona da iri ba tare da lalata aikin ɓangaren ba. Wannan shine ilimin aiki, ilimin da kuke so.
Matsalolin gama gari da rashin fahimta na kayan abu
Rashin fahimta mai tsayi yana magani Alloi 21 a matsayin kai tsaye, sauko-in maye gurbin sauran allunan nickel-chromium-molybdenum. Ba haka ba. Ingantaccen abun da ke cikin sa yana ba shi juriya mafi girma ga sulfuric acid, amma bazai dace ba, a ce, C-276 a cikin matsanancin rage sabis na hydrochloric acid. Zaɓin kayan abu koyaushe yana saukowa zuwa takamaiman adadin ion, zafin jiki, da kasancewar oxidizers. Na ga bayanai dalla-dalla waɗanda kawai ke faɗi sabis na lalata - wannan ba shi da amfani. Kullum muna buƙatar cikakken bincike na ruwa.
Wani matsala kuma shine rashin kula da maganin zafi bayan walda (PWHT) idan an ƙirƙira kayan aikin. Yayin Alloi 21 yana da kyakkyawan walƙiya, yankin da zafi ya shafa (HAZ) zai iya sha wahala daga hazo carbide, ƙasƙantar da juriya na lalata na gida a cikin yanayi mara kyau. Don sabis mai mahimmanci, PWHT ba za a iya sasantawa ba don maido da ƙaramin tsari. Mun koyi wannan bayan gazawar filin haɗin flange mai walda; Weld ɗin kanta yana da ƙarfi, amma pitting ya fara daidai a cikin HAZ.
A ƙarshe, akwai ƙididdigar ƙimar fa'ida. Alloi 21 yana da tsada. Ba za ku yi amfani da shi ba inda bakin 904L zai iya isa. Dalilinsa ya fito ne daga tsawaita rayuwar sabis, rage ƙarancin lokaci, da aminci a cikin sarrafa hanyoyin sadarwa masu haɗari. Dole ne lissafin ya duba jimlar kuɗin mallakar, ba kawai farashin yanki na farko ba. Wani lokaci, shawo kan abokin ciniki game da wannan yana buƙatar nuna musu tarihin rashin nasara tare da kayan arha - mai rarrashi, idan mai hankali, jayayya.
Ƙarshen Tunani Akan Aiwatar da Ayyuka
To, a ina wannan ya bar mu Alloi 21? Kayan kwararre ne. Ana buɗe ƙimar ta ta hanyar takamaiman aikace-aikacen, ƙira mai ƙima, da zurfin fahimtar abubuwan sa. Ba saiti ba ne a manta da shi gami. Nasarar ya dogara ne da iyawar sarkar samar da kayayyaki—daga ƙwararren ƙarfe wanda ya amince da narka takardar zuwa mashin ɗin wanda ya zaɓi sigogin wucewa na ƙarshe.
Ga injiniyoyi da masu siye, darasin shine duba fiye da nau'in kayan abu. Haɗa tare da masu ƙirƙira waɗanda ke nuna takamaiman ƙwarewa, kamar waɗanda ainihin kasuwancinsu ya ƙunshi sarrafa dogon lokaci na ayyukan gami na musamman. Nemi sigogin injin ɗin su, zanen QC ɗin su don irin wannan simintin gyare-gyare, tsarinsu na gwaji mara lahani. Amsoshin zasu gaya muku fiye da kowace ƙasida mai haske.
A ƙarshe, kayan kamar Alloi 21 kayan aiki ne a cikin akwatin kayan aikin injiniya. Amfanin su ya dogara gaba ɗaya akan ƙwarewar mai yin amfani da su. Ko don wani abu mai mahimmanci a cikin masana'antar sinadarai ko wani yanki na musamman don bincike mai zurfi, ƙa'idodin sun rage: mutunta halayen kayan, sarrafa tsari, da tabbatar da aikin. Wannan shine yadda kuke motsawa daga ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, abubuwan da ke aiki a fagen.
