Lokacin da kuka ji 'hannun bushing', yawancin suna tunanin zoben ƙarfe ne kawai, mai sarari. Wannan shine kuskuren farko. A aikace, wani bangare ne da aka siffanta shi gaba ɗaya ta hanyar aikinsa a cikin taro, kuma samun wannan aikin daidai shine inda shekarun da suka gabata na ƙirƙira da ƙwarewar injina ko dai suna biya ko kuma su bar ku da takarda mai tsada. Na ga zane-zane da yawa inda kiran haƙuri ga bushing hannun riga OD ya fi zama dole, yayin da ƙarewar ƙarewa ko ƙayyadaddun kayan abu shine tunani na baya. Wannan rashin daidaituwa tsakanin manufar ƙira da gaskiyar ƙirƙira shine inda matsaloli suka fara.
Material Ya Fiye da Takaddun Takaddun Shafi
Kuna zabar abu don a bushing hannun riga bisa ga abin da ya kamata ya yi, ba kawai abin da ke da arha ko samuwa ba. Hannun hannu don babban nauyi, ƙaramin jujjuyawar pivot na noma? 1045 karfe, taurare, na iya zama cikakke. Amma ga ramin famfo a cikin muhallin sinadarai, mari a daidaitaccen hannun rigar ƙarfe na carbon wani girke-girke ne na lalata da sauri. Wannan shine inda ilimin gami daga mai kaya kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) ya zama mai mahimmanci. Sun shafe shekaru 30 suna mu'amala da simintin ƙarfe, bakin karfe, da waɗancan galoli na musamman na nickel ko cobalt. Bambancin ba kawai juriya na lalata ba; yana game da bambance-bambancen haɓakar thermal, juriya ga juriya ga kayan shaft, da kuma yadda kayan ke aiki ƙarƙashin nauyin ci gaba.
Na tuna wani aiki don masana'antun silinda na ruwa. Hannun ya kasance don jagora. Da farko sun ƙayyadad da daidaitaccen ƙarfe na ductile. An ƙera shi da kyau, amma a cikin gwajin filin a ƙarƙashin nauyin gefe da tasiri, ya haifar da fashewar gashin gashi. Binciken gazawar ya nuna ƙarfin gajiya. Mun canza zuwa mafi girma-sa, zafi-lalacewar gami karfe daga QSY ta fayil, wanda za su iya duka biyu jefa da inji. Farashin ya haura, amma da'awar garanti ya ragu zuwa sifili. Darasin shine cewa zaɓin kayan da ake amfani da shi don kurmi ba ya wuce gona da iri; yana shiga rayayye a cikin yanayin gazawar.
Wani nuance shine tsarin simintin da kansa. Don hadadden geometries na hannun riga tare da galleries na ciki ko flanges, ƙirar harsashi ko simintin saka hannun jari daga ƙwararru sau da yawa suna haifar da siffa mafi kusa fiye da ƙoƙarin fitar da shi duka daga sandararriyar mashaya. Wannan yana rage sharar injina kuma yana iya inganta kwararar hatsi a cikin ƙarfe. Duba rukunin yanar gizon su a https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, zaku iya ganin sun haɗa simintin gyare-gyare tare da injinan CNC. Wannan haɗin kai shine mabuɗin. Yana nufin mutumin da ke yin mashin ɗin ya fahimci fatar simintin gyare-gyare da yuwuwar porosity, don haka zai iya saita kayan aikin sa da ciyarwa don yin lissafinta, yana tabbatar da cewa ID na ƙarshe ya kasance mai tsabta da gaskiya.
Iblis a cikin Girma (da Gama)
Haƙuri da hannun rigar bushing shine motsa jiki don fahimtar duka tari. OD latsa-daidai cikin gidaje, ID ɗin da ke gudana don shaft, daɗaɗɗa tsakanin su biyu, da murabba'in fuskoki. Yana da sauti na asali, amma na shaida taro yana ɗaure saboda hannun riga, da zarar an danna shi a cikin matsuguninsa, ya ɗan karkata, yana jujjuya daidai gwargwado zuwa cikin dabara. Gyaran? Wani lokaci yana daidaita tsangwama-daidaitacce, wani lokacin yana ƙayyadaddun maganin zafi na rage damuwa bayan aikin injin, ko kuma wani lokacin yana yin injin kawai bayan an danna hannun riga don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci.
Ƙarshen saman kan ID wani mai kashe shiru ne. Yayi tauri, kuma yana aiki kamar cinya, sanye da sandar. Santsi sosai (kuma a, akwai irin wannan abu), kuma ba zai riƙe fim ɗin lubrication ba. Ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun Ra abu ne na yau da kullun, amma jagorar kayan aikin yana da mahimmanci kuma. Ya kamata su yi gudu axially don taimakawa wajen rarraba mai, ba a kewaye ba. Wannan shine nau'in daki-daki da kuke keɓancewa kawai lokacin da kuka ga tsarin lalacewa daga samun kuskure.
Sau da yawa ana yin watsi da tsayi da kaurin bango. Hannun da ya yi gajeriyar aikinsa na jagora ba zai iya yin nauyi ba. Katangar da ta yi kauri sosai za ta karkata, ta rasa tsangwama. Akwai ƙididdiga na asali, amma ƙwarewa yana ba ku jin dadi. Don aikace-aikacen aiki mai nauyi, ba zan iya zuwa ƙasa da kaurin bango ba wanda ya kai aƙalla 1/8 na diamita, wanda aka daidaita don ƙarfin abu. Mafari ne, ba ka'ida ba, amma yana zuwa ne ta hanyar kallon ɓarna.
Lokacin da Hannun Ba Hannu kawai ba: Haɗewa da Aiki
Ba duk bushing hannun riga ne sauki cylinders. Wasu suna flanged don wurin axial. Wasu suna da tsagi don zoben O-ring ko tashoshi mai mai. Wasu sun rabe (ɗakin hannu, da gaske). Hanyar masana'antu tana canzawa gaba ɗaya. Hannu mai gefe na iya zama mafi kyau a matsayin simintin gyare-gyare don guje wa walda. Yin aiki mai zurfi, ƙananan tashar man mai mai ƙananan diamita yana buƙatar kayan aiki da ya dace da matsa lamba mai sanyaya don guje wa karya ƙwanƙwasa a cikin ɓangaren - jinkiri mai ban takaici da tsada.
Na yi aiki a kan taron kompressor inda bushing hannun riga yana da shinge mai karkace a cikin ID. Zane ya yi kira da a yi shi da injin bayan shigarwa. Duk da haka, kayan gida da kayan hannu sun yi amfani da su a nau'i daban-daban, suna haifar da zurfin tsagi mara daidaituwa. Maganin, wanda aka yi aiki tare da ƙungiyar mashin ɗin, shine a riga an riga an fara injin tsagi kaɗan kaɗan a cikin hannun riga kawai, sannan a yi izinin ƙarewa na ƙarshe bayan shigarwa. Ya kara mataki amma yana da garantin aiki. Wannan shine inda iyawar mashin ɗin CNC mai kaya, kamar abin da QSY ke bayarwa, ke canzawa daga sabis na asali zuwa haɗin gwiwar warware matsala.
Haɗin yin simintin gyare-gyare da injina a ƙarƙashin rufin gida ɗaya, kamar yadda aka gani tare da fasahar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan, yana rage waɗannan kurakuran hannu. Mashin ɗin ba ya karɓar akwatin baƙar fata mai ban mamaki daga tushen; sun kasance wani ɓangare na tsarin guda ɗaya. Wannan yana sarrafa sauye-sauye kamar daidaiton datum daga simintin simintin ƙera zuwa ɓangaren da aka gama, wanda ke da matuƙar mahimmanci ga ɓangaren da ƴan ɗaruruwan millimita ke ayyana nasara ko gazawa.
Kasawa da Abin da Suke Koyarwa
Mafi kyawun lokutan koyarwa suna zuwa daga gazawa. Wani classic shi ne lalata lalata. Hannu mai dacewa da latsa daidai, cikin kayan da ya dace, har yanzu yana kasawa. Me yasa? Domin a ƙarƙashin nauyin rawar girgizar cyclic, motsi na ƙanƙara yana faruwa a mahaɗin tsakanin OD hannun riga da ID na gidaje. Wannan yana kawar da Layer oxide mai karewa, yana fallasa sabon ƙarfe, yana yin oxidizes, da maimaitawa. Sakamakon yana da kyau, foda mai laushi wanda ke sassauta dacewa. Gyaran zai iya ƙunsar wani magani na sama daban akan OD, kamar phosphating, ko amfani da fili mai riƙewa baya ga dacewar latsawa.
Wani rashin nasara shine kullewar thermal. A cikin aikace-aikacen zafin jiki mai girma, idan hannun riga da kayan shaft suna da ma'auni daban-daban na faɗaɗa thermal, cikakkiyar sharewar yanayin ɗaki na iya zama tsangwama a lokacin aiki, kama sandar. Mun koyi wannan ta hanya mai wuya akan tukin injin turbine. Hannun bakin karfe ya fadada fiye da mashin karfen carbon. An rasa lissafin a farkon ƙirar ƙira. Yana buƙatar cikakken sake ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai: gawa daban don hannun riga don mafi dacewa da ƙimar faɗaɗa shaft.
Waɗannan ba matsalolin tunani bane. Waɗannan su ne dalilan da ya sa shekaru 30 na bayanan QSY ba wai kwafin talla ne kawai ba. Ma'ajiyar darussan da aka koya a cikin dubban simintin gyare-gyare da injina, inda a bushing hannun riga ya kasance muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi a cikin sarkar. Wannan ƙwarewar tana sanar da tambayoyin da suke yi lokacin da suka karɓi zane: Menene yanayin aiki? Mene ne kayan adon? Wannan shine don daidaitawa, juriya, ko duka biyu?
Hanyar Pragmatic
Don haka, lokacin ƙididdigewa ko samo hannun rigar daji, matsar da bugu mai sauƙi. Yi la'akari da shi azaman tsarin dubawa. Dole ne a zaɓi kayan don duk aikin sake zagayowar - kaya, gudu, zazzabi, yanayi. Dole ne ma'auni don yin lissafin nakasar taro da tasirin zafi. Dole ne tsarin masana'anta ya kasance yana iya isar da lissafin lissafi da ake buƙata kuma ya ƙare ba tare da haifar da damuwa ko lahani ba.
Haɗin kai tare da ƙera wanda ke sarrafa duka ƙarfe (ta hanyar simintin gyaran kafa) da mashin ɗin daidaitaccen fa'ida. Yana ba da izinin madaukai na amsawa. Misali, masanan injinan na iya gaya wa ma'adanin idan wani gami na musamman yana haifar da lalacewa ta kayan aiki akai-akai, yana haifar da bitar maganin zafi ko wata shawara. Wannan haɗin gwiwa, warware matsalar matakin ƙasa shine abin da ke raba ɓangaren aiki daga abin dogaro.
A ƙarshe, hannun rigar bushing sashe ne mai tawali'u. Amma tawali'unsa yaudara ne. Nasarar sa shiru ne kuma ba a lura da shi ba; gazawarsa yana da ƙarfi da tsada. Samun shi daidai shine haɗakar ingantattun ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, ingantaccen ƙarfe na ƙarfe, da ingantacciyar masana'anta-haɗin da ke juya zoben ƙarfe mai sauƙi zuwa yanki abin dogaro.
