Lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'ɓangarorin injin simintin ƙarfe' launin toka,' suna kwatanta wani abu mai nauyi, mai arha, kuma mai sauƙi. Wannan shine kuskuren farko. Gaskiyar ita ce mafi ɓarna, kuma samun kuskure a kan shagon yana kashe kuɗi na gaske da lokaci.
Dokin Aiki Ba a Fahimce Ba
Bari mu bayyana sarai: Ba a zaɓi baƙin ƙarfe mai launin toka don ƙarfin ƙarfinsa. Kuna amfani da shi don ƙarfin damping da juriya. Na ga zane-zane da yawa inda wani ya ƙayyade ƙarfe na ductile ko ma karfe don gidaje ko tushe, yana neman lambar ƙarfi mafi girma akan takaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, kawai don samun duka taron ya yi rawar jiki kamar cokali mai yatsa ko sanye da wuri a wuraren tuntuɓar lamba. Ƙarfin graphite a cikin baƙin ƙarfe launin toka shine makamin sirrinsa. Suna aiki kamar ginanniyar dampers na girgiza kuma suna ba da sakamako mai mai. Wani abu ne wanda ya yi fice a ƙarƙashin matsawa, ba tashin hankali ba. Idan sashinku yana ganin nauyin nauyi da farko kuma yana buƙatar tsayawa shiru da kwanciyar hankali, ƙarfe mai launin toka shine mafi wayo, zaɓin tattalin arziki.
Wannan shine inda gwaninta tare da tsarin ginin tushe ya zama mahimmanci. Matsakaicin sanyaya yayin ƙarfafawa kai tsaye yana sarrafa girman flake graphite da rarrabawa, wanda hakan ke bayyana kaddarorin ƙarshe. Wani sashi mai kauri mai kauri da kuma sashe na bakin ciki da aka sanyaya iri ɗaya zai sami microstructures daban-daban. Na tuna wani rukunin tushe na kayan aikin injin da muka samo shekaru da suka gabata waɗanda suka haɓaka taurin da bai dace ba akan filaye masu hawa jagora. Matsalar ba ita ce darajar kayan ba; shi ne sanya masu tashi da kuma yawan zafin jiki, wanda ya haifar da sanyi a wasu wurare da kuma laushi mai laushi a wasu. Zane kawai ya ce Class 30 Grey Iron, amma hakan bai isa ba. Dole ne mu yi aiki tare da tushe akan ƙirar ƙira da tsarin gating.
Kamfanonin da suka kasance a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na shekaru da yawa, kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), fahimtar wannan a zahiri. Tare da fiye da shekaru 30 a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da injina, sun ga waɗannan ramukan. Lokacin da kake bincika fayil ɗin su a tsingtaocnc.com, ba kawai kuna kallon abubuwan da aka gama ba; kana kallon zurfin fahimtar tsari. Domin launin toka simintin ƙarfe inji sassa, Wannan yana nufin sanin yadda za a tsara ƙirar da kuma sarrafa tsari don samun tsarin da ya dace a wurare masu dacewa, musamman ga siffofi masu rikitarwa.
Machining: Inda Haƙiƙanin Kalubale Yakan Kasance
Yin wasan kwaikwayo rabin labari ne kawai. Injin sassa na baƙin ƙarfe launin toka sana'a ce ta musamman. Kurar da ba a sani ba - graphite mai kyau da barbashi na ƙarfe - yana da lalacewa kuma yana samun ko'ina. Yana lalata jagororin inji da screws idan ba a sarrafa su da ƙarfi tare da tacewa da hatimi daidai ba. Ba za ku iya amfani da dabarun sanyaya iri ɗaya kamar na karfe ba; tarar na iya toshe tsarin. Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuya akan babban aikin injin injin famfo gidaje. Madaidaicin mai sanyaya ruwa mai narkewa ya juya ya zama slurry wanda ya lalata hatimin famfo a cikin mako guda. Mun canza zuwa wani ɗan ƙoƙon ɗanƙoƙi, takamaiman na'urar sanyaya tacewa da haɓaka hawan keke.
Sannan akwai kayan aiki. Abubuwan da ake sakawa na Carbide tare da kaifi, ingantattun geometries suna aiki da kyau, amma rayuwar kayan aiki na iya zama mara tabbas idan kun bugi yashi ko wuri mai wahala daga saurin sanyaya. PCD (polycrystalline lu'u-lu'u) kayan aikin suna da ban sha'awa don kammala ayyukan akan tsaftataccen ƙarfe, daidaitaccen ƙarfe, yana ba da rayuwa mai ban mamaki, amma farashin gaba yana da yawa. Ƙidaya ce: ƙarar sashi, ƙarewar da ake buƙata, da haƙuri. Don madaidaicin madaidaicin kujerun jikin bawul, mun ƙaura zuwa PCD kuma ba mu taɓa waiwaya ba — daidaiton da aka biya don kansa.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa mai kaya da ke haɗa simintin gyaran kafa da Injin CNC ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya, kamar yadda QSY ke yi, yana da fa'ida ta musamman. Suna iya tsara tsarin simintin gyare-gyare tare da mashin ɗin a zuciya. Za su iya ƙara ɗan ƙaramin haja a cikin yanki mai saurin raguwa, ko sanya layin rabuwa don rage mashin ɗin a kan mahimmin saman datum. Wannan Zane-zane don tunanin Manufacturability yana kawar da yawancin ciwon kai da ke faruwa a lokacin da ake yin simintin gyare-gyare da machining ta hanyar raba, dillalai da aka cire.
Tambayar Alloying da Magungunan Sama
Iron mai launin toka (kamar ASTM Class 20, 30, 35) yana rufe 80% na aikace-aikace. Amma wani lokacin kuna buƙatar ƙarin kaɗan. Ƙara chromium yana ƙara tauri da juriya ga sassa kamar gangunan birki ko silinda liners, amma kuma yana sa ƙarfe ya fi karɓuwa da wuyar inji. Abubuwan da ake tara nickel suna taimakawa wajen tace graphite da inganta daidaito da ƙarfi, galibi ana amfani da su a cikin sassa masu kauri don hana laushi. Ayyukan daidaitawa ne.
Kuma kusan ba za ku taɓa amfani da ɗanyen ƙarfe mai launin toka mai injina a cikin aikace-aikace mai ƙarfi ba. Yana buƙatar kariya ko haɓakawa. Phosphating na kowa don juriya na lalata kuma azaman tushen fenti. Don zamewa saman kamar zoben fistan ko faranti na kwampreso, za a iya ayyana kwano ko taurin induction. Na tuna wani aiki don tubalan na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa inda muka tsallake jiyya ta sama don adana farashi. Babban kuskure. Ƙaramar tsatsa ta sama ta samo asali yayin jigilar kaya zuwa ketare, wanda sannan ya gurɓata dukkan tsarin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa yayin farawa. Kudin gazawar ya dwarfed farashin matakin phosphating mai sauƙi.
Lokacin da ya kasa (kuma me yasa)
Iron baƙin toka yana gaya muku lokacin da ba ta da daɗi. Kasawarta yawanci ba su da ƙarfi kuma a bayyane suke. Sautin baƙin ƙarfe na al'ada launin toka-ƙara mara ƙarfi maimakon zobe lokacin da aka buga shi - shine saurin duba filin. Yawancin gazawar filin da na bincika sun zo ne zuwa abubuwa uku: amfani da juzu'i ko ɗaukar nauyi wanda ba a taɓa nufin yin amfani da shi ba (kamar yin amfani da madaidaicin ƙarfe mai launin toka azaman lever), girgiza zafi (sauri, dumama mara daidaituwa da sanyaya yana haifar da tsagewa), ko lalata daga yanayin da bai dace ba.
Wani takamaiman lamarin ya ƙunshi babban, akwatunan gear na al'ada. Ya wuce duk gwajin matsa lamba amma ya kasa aiki bayan watanni shida tare da fashewar bala'i. Binciken ƙarfe na ƙarfe ya nuna tsaga ya samo asali ne daga wani rami mai raguwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa kusa da kusurwar ciki mai kaifi-mai tashin hankali. Simintin gyare-gyaren da kanta ya haɗu da ƙayyadaddun darajar, amma ƙira (kusurwa mai kaifi) haɗe da ƙarami, rashin lahani na simintin da aka yarda ya haifar da gazawar. Gyaran ya kasance canji mai sauƙi amma mahimmanci mai mahimmanci: ƙara radius fillet zuwa wannan kusurwar a cikin tsarin, wanda tushen, QSY, zai iya ɗauka cikin sauƙi. Ya haskaka cewa ƙayyade kayan bai isa ba; dole ne ku tsara don aikin simintin gyare-gyare.
Niche don Shell da Zuba Jari a cikin Iron
Yawancin sassan ƙarfe masu launin toka sune simintin yashi. Amma ga ɓangarorin da ke buƙatar ingantacciyar ƙarewar ƙasa, ƙarin juriya kamar simintin simintin gyare-gyare, ko ƙarin hadaddun, ƙananan geometries, wasu hanyoyin suna shiga cikin wasa. Simintin gyare-gyaren Shell, wanda QSY ya jera a matsayin ƙwararru, yana amfani da yashi mai rufaffiyar guduro don ƙirƙirar ƙusa mai kauri, sirara. Yana ba da mafi ƙarancin ƙarewa da ƙarin daidaiton girma fiye da yashi kore na al'ada. Ka yi tunanin ƙarami, ƙayyadaddun abubuwan injuna ko jikunan bawul ɗin ruwa.
Yin simintin saka hannun jari don ƙarfe ba ya zama gama gari saboda tsada, amma ana amfani da shi don ƙaƙƙarfan ɓangarorin da ke kusa da siffa inda injinan zai zama mai wahala ko ɓarna. Ƙudurin daki-daki bai daidaita ba. ƙwararre ce a cikin ƙwararru, kuma ganin sa an jera shi ta mai kaya yana nuna babban matakin iyawa. Don ƙaƙƙarfan mahalli na firikwensin firikwensin tare da sassa na ciki, sauyawa daga ƙirar ƙarfe da aka ƙirƙira zuwa ɓangaren ƙarfe mai launin toka mai saka hannun jari ya haɗa abubuwa da yawa, ingantattun damping, da rage lokacin haɗuwa, duk da mafi girman farashin simintin simintin.
Tunani na Ƙarshe: Ƙayyadewa tare da Hankali
Don haka, lokacin da kuke tantancewa launin toka simintin ƙarfe inji sassa, wuce kawai ASTM class. Yi tunani game da aikin: damping, matsawa, lalacewa. Yi la'akari da sarkar masana'anta: ta yaya za a jefa shi da injin? Yi magana da mai siyarwar ku game da filaye masu mahimmanci da hanyoyin lodi. Aboki mai kyau ba kawai zai faɗi bugu ba; za su yi tambayoyi game da aikace-aikacen kuma suna iya ba da shawarar tweak na ƙira ko wani tsari na daban kamar harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa don inganta aminci ko rage jimlar farashi. Manufar ita ce a yi amfani da abubuwan da suka dace da karfi, ba yaki da rauninsa ba. Wannan shine bambanci tsakanin sashin da kawai yake aiki da wanda ke aiki da kyawu na shekaru da yawa.
