Lokacin da ka ce 'bangaren musayar zafi', yawancin mutane suna yin hoton bututu ko fin. Wannan shine kuskuren farko. A hakikanin gaskiya, wani bangare ne da aka siffanta shi ta hanyar aikinsa a cikin tsarin zafi, kuma wannan aikin ya dogara kacokan akan lissafi, ingancin kayan aiki, da mu'amalar saman. Na ga zane-zane da yawa inda aka fi mayar da hankali kan ma'auni na ƙarshe kawai, yin watsi da tafiyar da ƙarfen ke ɗauka don isa wurin-hanyar yin simintin gyare-gyare, izinin yin injina, tsarin hatsi. A nan ne ake fara gazawa sau da yawa, ba cikin aiki ba, amma cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
Tushen: Yana farawa da Cast
Ba za ku iya na'urar ingantaccen sashi daga simintin gyaran kafa mara kyau ba. Wannan da alama a bayyane yake, amma ana raina shi akai-akai. Domin sassa masu musayar zafi kamar hadaddun rubutun kai, manifolds, ko riguna na ruwa, hanyoyin ciki sune komai. Canji kaɗan a cikin ainihin lokacin harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa na iya haifar da bakin ciki tabo wanda ya zama wurin gazawa a ƙarƙashin hawan keken zafi. Mun koyi wannan da wuri tare da kwampreso intercooler ƙarshen hular abokin ciniki. Buga ya buƙaci takamaiman kauri na bango, amma farkon aikin simintin yashi ba zai iya ci gaba da riƙe ainihin abin baffle na ciki ba. Sakamakon? Adadin juzu'i na 30% akan rukunin farko bayan yin injin, saboda binciken CNC ya ci gaba da gano rafuffukan. Bangaren ya yi kama da kyau a waje, amma an daidaita shi cikin tsari.
Shi ya sa don abubuwan da ke ɗauke da matsi ko matsananciyar zafi, galibi muna tura abokan ciniki zuwa ga zuba jari don sigar farko. Daidaiton girman girman da ƙarewar saman daga farkon sun fi girma, musamman ga waɗancan tashoshi masu rikitarwa na ciki. Ee, ya fi tsada kowane yanki a cikin matakin ƙirƙira, amma kuna adana arziki a lokacin injina da ɓarna na kayan aiki. Kuna baiwa shirin CNC damar fada. Na tuna wani aiki don firam ɗin musayar zafi a cikin 316L bakin karfe inda sauyawa daga ƙera walƙiya zuwa simintin saka hannun jari na monolithic ya yanke kuɗin gabaɗaya da kusan 15% lokacin da kuka ba da gudummawa wajen kawar da maganin zafi bayan walda da raguwar machining wucewa.
Zaɓin kayan abu a nan ba zai iya rabuwa da tsari ba. Ƙayyadaddun a nickel tushen gami kamar Inconel 625 don bututun iskar gas mai zafi? Kusan tabbas kuna kallon simintin saka hannun jari. Ruwan ƙarfe na ƙarfe a cikin wannan tsari, haɗe tare da ƙarfin zafi na gami, yana ba ku ingantaccen farawa mai inganci fiye da ƙoƙarin injin komai daga ƙaƙƙarfan toshe. Jama'a a Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) suna da ma'ana lokacin da suka jaddada aikinsu da waɗannan musamman gami. Ba kawai game da samun kayan a hannun jari ba; shi ne game da sanin yadda shi behaves a lokacin solidification a cikin harsashi molds, nawa shrinkage sa ran, inda ya sanya risers. Cewa shekaru 30 da suka ambata a cikin simintin gyare-gyare ba layi ba ne; ma'ajiyar kwarewa ce ke hana narkawar gami da dala 50,000 ta rikide ta zama tarkace.
Gaskiyar Machining: Haƙuri tattaunawa ce
Ga wata gaskiya mai amfani: juriya akan zane galibi jerin buri ne, ba tsarin samarwa ba. Mai zane zai iya yin kira ga ± 0.02mm haƙuri akan da'irar ƙugiya don takardar bututu. Amma idan wannan ɓangaren zai fuskanci canjin zafin jiki na 150 ° C a cikin sabis, shin sun ƙididdige ƙimar haɓakar thermal don wannan takamaiman. jefa baƙin ƙarfe daraja? Wani lokaci, riƙe juriya mai ƙarfi a yanayin zafin ɗaki yana ba da garantin matsala mai dacewa a yanayin aiki. Aikin ya zama tattaunawa-bayyana wannan, yana ba da shawarar ƙarin haƙuri mai aiki, ko wani lokacin, ba da shawarar wani abu na daban gaba ɗaya.
Injin CNC shine inda aka haifi saman aikin sashin. Fuskar da aka rufe don gasket, zaren don thermowell, tsagi don zoben rufewa. Hirar da ake yi a kan aikin da ake fuskantar, wani abin sawa da aka ɗan sawa yana barin gaɓoɓin ƙwanƙwasa-waɗannan ba batutuwan kwaskwarima ba ne kawai. Waɗannan hanyoyi ne masu yuwuwar ɗigowa ko masu tattara damuwa. Na tuna da guntun iyakoki na ƙarshe na musayar zafi inda tsagi na O-ring ya yi kyakkyawan gamawa, amma radius a ƙasa an ƙera shi kawai gashi mai kaifi bisa ga hanyar kayan aiki. Ya wuce QC akan CMM. Ya gaza a gwajin matsa lamba kowane lokaci, yana fashe daidai daga wannan radius. Gyaran ba canjin shirye-shirye bane; yana canzawa zuwa kayan aikin yankan tsagi mai kwazo tare da ingantaccen radius, ba tare da dogaro da hanyar injin ƙarshen ball-hanci ba.
Wannan shine inda shagunan haɗaka ke da fa'ida. Dauki kamfani kamar QSY. Idan suka yi handling biyu da harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa da kuma Injin CNC a cikin gida, madauki na ra'ayi gajere ne. Mashin ɗin ya sami wuri mai wuya ko ƙarancin ƙasa a cikin simintin. Maimakon kawar da ɓangaren kawai, wannan bayanin yana komawa kai tsaye zuwa ƙungiyar kafa na gaba. Za su iya daidaita yawan zafin jiki na zubowa ko abin rufe fuska don tsari na gaba. Wannan haɗin gwiwar tafiyar matakai yana da mahimmanci ga sassa masu rikitarwa, masu daraja. Ba wai kawai kuna siyan sabis na inji ko simintin gyare-gyare ba; kana sayen tsarin gyarawa da gyarawa.
Material Ba Takaddun Takaddun Takaddun Shaida ba ne kawai
ASTM A351 CF8M yana gaya muku cewa simintin ƙarfe ne mai kama da 316. Ba ya gaya muku game da abun ciki na ferrite, wanda ke shafar juriya na lalata da injina. Za a bangaren mai musayar zafi wanka da chlorides, lambar ferrite tana da mahimmanci. Mun taɓa samun matsalar zaizayar cavitation a gefen ruwa na simintin bakin famfo volute wanda wani ɓangare ne na madauki mai sanyaya. Takaddun shaida sun kasance cikakke. Binciken ƙarfe na ƙarfe ya nuna cewa ferrite ya kasance a ƙanƙarar ƙarshen iyakar abin da aka yarda da shi, yana mai da shi ɗan ɗan laushi da sauƙi ga kumfa masu tasowa. Cibiyar ba ta yi wani abu ba daidai ba bisa ga ƙayyadaddun bayanai, amma ɓangaren ya gaza a takamaiman aikinsa. Maganin shine don ƙarfafa ƙayyadaddun kayan mu na ciki kuma muyi aiki tare da masana'antar don sarrafa sinadarai daidai ga wannan aikace-aikacen.
Wannan yana samun ƙarin nuanced tare da cobalt na tushen gami kamar Stellite don fuskantar lalacewa akan kujerun bawul a cikin masu musayar zafi. Yawancin lokaci ana shafa shi azaman mai rufin walda. Ƙwarewar ba kawai a cikin walda ba; yana cikin injina na gaba na wancan mai tsananin wuya, saman da ba zai iya jurewa ba ba tare da haifar da ƙananan fasa ba ko delamination. Kuna buƙatar daidaitattun maki na carbide, daidaitaccen gudu da ciyarwa, da haƙuri mai yawa. Yana da fasaha kamar kimiyya. Bayanin daga Shafin QSY ambaton aikinsu tare da waɗannan allunan alamun wannan damar. Yana nuna cewa sun zagaya ƙalubalen sarrafa waɗannan abubuwa masu wahala bayan simintin simintin gyare-gyare ko walda, wanda shine mahimmin ƙima fiye da samar da gami.
Kuma bari mu yi magana game da fili tsohon carbon karfe. Ga yawancin aikace-aikacen da ba su lalacewa ba, dokin aiki ne. Amma ɓangaren mai canza zafi ba ƙaƙƙarfan katako ba ne. Thermal conductivity al'amura. Wani lokaci, ɗan ƙaramin abun ciki na carbon na iya zama da amfani ga ƙarfi, amma kuma yana iya sa ɓangaren ya fi dacewa ga lalata lalata a wasu wurare. Kullum kuna daidaita kaddarorin. Zaɓin ba karfe ba ne kawai; shi ne wanda karfe, daga abin da narke, bi da ta wace hanya bayan simintin gyaran kafa. Maganin zafi na bayan simintin simintin gyare-gyare-gyare-gyare, ɓacin rai, zafin rai-yana da mahimmanci kamar kowane matakin mashin ɗin don saita kaddarorin kayan ƙarshe.
Iblis a cikin Cikakkun bayanai: Gasket, Zaren, da Ƙarshe
Babban sashe na gazawar sashe ba shi da alaƙa da babban jiki. Yana cikin ƙarin fasali. Zaren magudanar ruwa ya cire. Ƙarshen saman da ke kan flange bai dace da gasket mai rauni ba, yana haifar da ɗigo. Ba a cire hakowa don aljihun firikwensin zafin jiki ba a ciki, yana haifar da ƙuntatawa mai gudana da wuri mai zafi. Waɗannan su ne cikakkun bayanai waɗanda ke raba ɓangaren aiki daga abin dogaro.
Dauki flange yana fuskantar. Ana iya kiran daidaitaccen 125 Ra microinch gama. Amma idan gasket nau'in graphite ne mai laushi, hakan na iya zama mai tsauri. Idan gasket ne na karfe wanda aka lullube shi, yana iya zama karbuwa. Mashin ɗin yana buƙatar sanin ƙarshen amfani don zaɓar madaidaicin sakawa da ƙimar ciyarwa don cimma ba lamba kawai ba, amma saman aiki. Na ga flanges waɗanda suka auna daidai lebur amma sun zube saboda kayan aikin ya bar ɗan karkatacciyar sifar da gasket ɗin ba zai iya rufewa ba. Gyaran ya kasance wucewar ƙarshe, mai haske sosai tare da takamaiman abin saka goge don ƙirƙirar ƙirar ƙyanƙyashe iri ɗaya.
Kuma zaren. Matsaloli da yawa. Don tsarin matsi, madaidaitan zaren tare da O-ring yawanci sun fi aminci fiye da zaren bututun da aka ɗora, waɗanda suka dogara da walƙiyar ƙarfe-zuwa-ƙarfe da zaren sealant. Amma idan dole ne ku yi amfani da NPT, zurfin da taper na ramin da aka taɓa yana da mahimmanci. Ƙarƙashin taɓa shi, kuma kuna haɗarin fashe ɓangaren lokacin da aka ɗaure kayan aiki don cimma hatimi. Matsa shi fiye da haka, kuma ba ku da isasshen haɗin gwiwa. Kyakkyawan aiki shine samar da waɗannan sassa masu mahimmanci tare da kayan aiki da aka riga aka shigar kuma an murƙushe su zuwa ƙayyadaddun bayanai, ko aƙalla, don samar da ma'aunin tafi/no-tafi ga abokin ciniki. Yana kawar da babban canji a cikin filin.
Kallon Gabaɗaya, Ba Sashe kaɗai ba
Daga qarshe, a bangaren mai musayar zafi baya wanzuwa a ware. Ayyukansa yana da alaƙa da sassan da yake haɗuwa da su. Lokacin da muka ɗauki aikin, musamman don maye gurbin ko ɓangaren sake gyarawa, muna ƙoƙarin samun hannayenmu akan kayan haɗin gwiwar idan zai yiwu. Ana auna ainihin gunkin harsashi mai musayar, ƙarancin flange mai adawa. Domin wani lokacin, kuna buƙatar injin sashin ku don dacewa da gaskiyar tsarin, ba manufa akan tsohon, zane mai shuɗewa ba.
Wannan cikakken ra'ayi shine abin da ke bayyana gwani. Ba batun tafiyar da injin CNC ba ne. Yana da game da fahimtar haɓakar zafin jiki, haɓakar ruwa, hanyoyin lalata, da injiniyoyin taro. Yana da game da sanin cewa kyakyawan simintin simintin gyare-gyare na iya lalacewa ta hanyar wuce gona da iri na machining wanda ke haifar da saura damuwa, wanda sai ya bayyana kanta a matsayin murdiya yayin zagayowar zafi na farko. Manufar ita ce sadar da ɓangaren da ke ɓacewa cikin tsarin - yana aiki kawai, zagayowar bayan zagayowar, ba tare da wasan kwaikwayo ba.
Wannan shine ainihin samfurin. Ba guntun karfe ba, amma amintacce. Shagunan da suka kasance ta hanyar hawan keke, kamar QSY tare da shekarun da suka gabata yin simintin gyaran kafa da injina, sun shiga cikin wannan. Wataƙila sun ga gazawar, sun yi gyare-gyare, kuma sun gina ɗakin karatu maras amfani na abin da ba za su yi ba. Lokacin da kake samo wani abu mai mahimmanci, tarihin, wannan tsattsauran taka tsantsan da tunani mai warware matsalolin, galibi ya fi ƙima fiye da mafi ƙarancin farashi kowane yanki. Saboda farashin gazawar a cikin filin - downtime, asarar samarwa, al'amurran tsaro - dwarfs na farko farashin kowane lokaci guda.
