Lokacin da mafi yawan mutane suka ji 'ɓataccen tsarin simintin kakin zuma', suna ɗaukar hoto madaidaiciya, kusan tsarin soyayya: yin samfurin kakin zuma, gina harsashi yumbu, narke kakin zuma, zuba ƙarfe. Haƙiƙanin yanayin samarwa, musamman ma'amala da hadadden gami, tattaunawa ce ta yau da kullun tsakanin kimiyyar kayan aiki, yanayin zafi, da ingantaccen aiki. Tsari ne, ba mataki ɗaya ba, kuma a nan ne masu ƙididdiga da yawa har ma da sababbin injiniyoyi suka tashi. Suna mai da hankali kan simintin gyare-gyaren da kanta amma suna raina yanayin halittu - ƙirar kakin zuma, tsarin kula da yanayin yanayin ɗaki, hanyar lalata ƙasa, yanayin harbe-harbe - wanda ke tabbatar da gaske ko kun sami gwaninta ko guntu. Kasancewa cikin wannan shekaru da yawa, mai sheki ya ƙare da sauri; abin da ya rage shine mayar da hankali ga jerin abubuwan dogaro.
Jigon Tsarin: Duk Game da Sarrafa ne da Maimaituwa
Kuskure na farko da za a bijirowa shi ne cewa zuba jari fasaha ce. A cikin manyan-haɗaɗɗen, ƙananan shagunan aikin yi, watakila. Amma ga m kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), wanda ya yi aiki sama da shekaru 30, tsarin masana'antu ne mai sarrafawa. 'System' yana farawa tun kafin a zubar da karfe. Muna magana ne game da sigogin allurar kakin zuma. Zazzabi, matsa lamba, da lokacin riƙewa don allurar ƙirar kakin zuma kai tsaye suna shafar kwanciyar hankali da ƙarewar saman. Bambance-bambance na ƴan digiri na iya gabatar da ɓarna a hankali waɗanda ke haɗuwa daga baya. Na ga ayyukan sun gaza saboda zafin dakin kakin zuma bai daidaita ba, wanda ke haifar da girman tsarin da bai dace ba wanda ya sa lokacin ginin harsashi ya zama mafarki mai ban tsoro.
Sannan aikace-aikacen slurry da stucco ya zo. Wannan ba kawai tsomawa da dunking ba ne. Dankowar slurry na farko, da zircon gari/silica binder ratio, zafi a cikin dakin tsomawa-kowane m kulli ne dole ne ka kunna. Don superalloys na tushen nickel ko tushen cobalt, waɗanda QSY ke aiwatarwa akai-akai, harsashi yana buƙatar jure matsanancin yanayin zafi ba tare da ɗaurewa ko amsawa da ƙarfe ba. Sau da yawa muna amfani da slurry na tushen silica ga waɗannan, amma lokacin bushewa tsakanin riguna yana da mahimmanci. Rushe shi, kuma ka tarko danshi; jira tsayi da yawa, kuma yadudduka ba su haɗa daidai ba. Ƙwaƙwalwar da kuke koya ta hanyar kallon harsashi, ba kawai agogo ba.
Matakin cirewa shine inda ɓangaren 'ɓataccen kakin zuma' ya faru, kuma lokacin tashin hankali ne ga harsashi. Manyan hanyoyin guda biyu sune autoclave (steam) da wuta mai walƙiya. Kowannensu yana da wurinsa. Don majalissar kakin zuma mai kauri, harbin walƙiya na iya haifar da tsatsa daga girgizar zafi. Gabaɗaya mun fi son autoclave don hadaddun geometries gama gari a cikin mu harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa kuma zuba jari aiki, kamar yadda aka tsara. Amma ko da a lokacin, ƙimar ramp da matsa lamba dole ne a daidaita su da nau'in kakin zuma. Ana amfani da kakin zuma mai ƙarancin narkewa? Matsin tururi mai yawa da sauri, kuma faɗaɗa har yanzu na iya karya koren harsashi. Ayyukan daidaitawa ne wanda ya fi ji fiye da dabara wani lokaci.
Material Al'amura: Me yasa Zaɓin Alloy Ya Bayyana Tsarin
Ba za ku iya raba rasa tsarin simintin kakin zuma daga kayan da ake jefawa. A tsari na ductile baƙin ƙarfe ne fundamentally daban-daban daga cewa ga wani nickel tushen gami kamar Inconel 718. Wannan shi ne wani key ƙarfi a wani makaman kamar QSY. Tare da bakin karfe, an mayar da hankali kan hana carburization surface daga harsashi, don haka za mu iya amfani da tsaka tsaki ko dan kadan oxidizing harbi yanayi. Amma tare da kayan aiki masu amsawa kamar titanium (ko da yake ba mu jefa shi ba, ƙa'idar ta shafi manyan abubuwan haɗin gwiwar mu na nickel), kuna yaƙi da ƙirƙirar alpha-case. Abun da ke tattare da harsashi ya zama mafi mahimmanci - sau da yawa yana motsawa zuwa yttria ko wasu riguna masu ban mamaki.
Ga karafa na gama gari da bakin karfe, ƙalubalen galibi yana ciyarwa da raguwa. Tsarin tsarin gating, wanda wani bangare ne na hada tsarin kakin zuma, shine inda ainihin ilimin karfe ya shigo. Ba wai kawai shigar karfe cikin rami bane; yana game da ƙirƙirar ƙarfafawar kwatance. Na tuna gidan famfo a cikin bakin karfe 17-4PH wanda ya ci gaba da nuna porosity a cikin flange mai kauri. Mun sake fasalin itacen kakin zuma, muna ƙara mai sanyi a cikin harsashi na saka hannun jari kusa da yankin matsala don haɓaka saurin sanyaya. Ya yi aiki, amma ya ƙara tsada da ƙaƙƙarfan ginin harsashi. Dole ne tsarin ya daidaita.
Yin aiki tare da gami na musamman kamar Stellite (tushen cobalt) yana gabatar da wani Layer: zubar da sarrafa zafin jiki. Waɗannan gami suna da kunkuntar kewayon 'superheat'—ya yi sanyi sosai, kuma ba za su cika sassan bakin ciki ba; yayi zafi sosai, kuma suna iya lalata cikin harsashi, haifar da lahani na haɗawa. Ayyukan narkewar mu, ko ta amfani da tanderun shigar da kayan aiki, an daidaita su don kowace ƙungiyar gami. The logbooks daga shekarun da suka gabata yana gudana a tsingtaocnc.com suna da ƙima kamar kayan aiki, suna ba da bayanin tarihi ga abin da ke aiki da abin da ba shi da takamaiman maki na kayan aiki.
Haɗin Mahimmanci: Haɗa CNC Machining cikin Simintin Aiki
Wannan shi ne inda yawancin wuraren samar da tsaftataccen wasa suka gaza, kuma inda haɗin gwiwar aiki ke nuna ƙimarsa. A rasa simintin gyaran kafa kusan ba a gama gamawa ba. Yana da ragowar ƙofa, yuwuwar qananan fins, kuma yana buƙatar filaye masu mahimmanci da aka ƙera don jurewa. A QSY, samun Injin CNC a cikin gida ba dadi; larura ce don sarrafa inganci. Me yasa? Domin mashin ɗin yana ba da ra'ayi na farko na ainihi akan sautin ciki na simintin gyaran kafa.
Idan ɗan kayan aiki ba zato ba tsammani ya ƙare da sauri akan takamaiman yanki na simintin gyare-gyare da yawa, yana nuna alama mai yuwuwar tabo mai wuya ko haɗawa daga aikin simintin. Wannan rufaffiyar martani ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba. Za mu iya gano batun mashin ɗin zuwa takamaiman batch ɗin harsashi, lambar zafi mai narkewa, yawan zafin da aka shiga a ranar. Idan ba tare da wannan haɗin kai na tsaye ba, wannan madauki na amsa ya karye, kuma matsalolin suna da wuyar ganewa da warwarewa har abada.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, ƙirar ƙirar kakin zuma kanta sau da yawa yana rinjayar buƙatun injin. Za mu iya ƙara ƙarin haja ('ajin na'ura') a takamaiman wurare da sanin sashen CNC ɗin mu zai ƙare. Ko kuma, za mu iya sanya sashin akan bishiyar kakin zuma don rage lokacin saitin injina daga baya. Wannan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin bene na simintin gyare-gyare da kantin injin shine abin da ke mayar da simintin mai kyau zuwa wani abin dogara, babban aiki. Bambanci ne tsakanin yin siffa da yin sashi mai aiki.
Kasawa gama gari da darussan da suke bayarwa
Duk wanda bai yi tabo ba bai yi komai ba. A cikin zuba jari tsarin, kasawa ne tsada malamai. Fashewar Shell a lokacin cirewa ko harbe-harbe abu ne na gargajiya. Sau da yawa, ana komawa zuwa rashin isassun bushewa tsakanin riguna masu slurry, musamman a cikin yanayi mai ɗanɗano. Muna fama da wannan tare da sarrafa dehumidification a cikin yankin tsomawa — mafita mai sauƙi, amma wanda kawai kuke aiwatarwa bayan rasa ƴan harsashi.
Lalacewar ƙarfe kamar ƙurar ƙura ko hawaye mai zafi wani nau'i ne. Waɗannan yawanci suna nuna baya ga ƙirar gating da haɓakawa, ko yawan zafin jiki. Wani abin tunawa shine jikin bawul a cikin duplex bakin karfe. Mun ci gaba da samun micro-porosity a cikin cibiyar thermal. Tsarin kakin zuma da gating sun yi kama da sauti. Ci gaban ya zo ne lokacin da muka yi bitar zagayowar harba harsashi. Ya juya cewa babban zafin jiki bai daɗe ba don ƙona sauran kayan ƙirar gaba ɗaya daga hadaddun ainihin ciki, ƙirƙirar ɗan shingen iskar gas wanda ke hana ciyarwa. Tsawaita lokacin jiƙan harbe-harbe ya warware shi. Darasi? Matsalar ba koyaushe ita ce inda kuka fara duba ba - yana iya zama sama a cikin shirye-shiryen harsashi.
Rashin daidaiton girman kisa ne a hankali. Yana iya ba zai haifar da ƙin yarda ba, amma yana kashe riba ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Wannan sau da yawa yana komawa ga kwanciyar hankalin ƙirar kakin zuma. Yin amfani da gauran kakin zuma da aka dawo da shi ba tare da gwada ƙimar ƙanƙantar sa ba don sabon lissafin lissafi matsala ce ta kowa. Yanzu muna gwada sabbin gaurayawar kakin zuma ko saka idanu kan tsufa na gaurayar mu na yanzu, muna yin ƙananan gyare-gyare ga kayan aikin allura don ramawa. Yana da ci gaba da daidaitawa na matakin farko a cikin tsarin.
Tsarin Halittar Duniya na Gaskiya: Daga Bincike zuwa Ƙarshe Sashe
Don haka, menene wannan tsarin yake kama da shi a aikace a wani aiki na dogon lokaci? Yana farawa tare da bitar zane da ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki. Injiniyoyin a QSY ba kawai suna ganin siffa ba; suna ganin rabe-raben yawan zafin jiki, abubuwan damuwa masu yuwuwa, da machining datums. An ƙaddamar da ƙirar kayan aikin kakin zuma, sau da yawa tare da shigarwa daga ƙungiyar CNC akan daidaitawa. Ana yin allurar da kakin zuma a haɗa shi cikin bishiyoyi.
Ginin harsashi yana farawa - jinkirin tsari, tsari na tsomawa, tsutsawa, da bushewa wanda zai iya ɗaukar sama da mako guda don harsashi mai ƙarfi don gami da ƙarfe. Kowane tsari yana shiga. Dewaxing da harbe-harbe suna canza koren harsashi mai rauni zuwa tsayayyen yumbu. A halin yanzu, ƙayyadaddun gami-kasancewar carbon karfe, bakin karfe 316, ko abin da ake amfani da shi na nickel-an shirya kuma yana narkewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin sarrafawa. Zubawa yana da sauri, amma saitin da tabbatar da zafin jiki ba.
Bayan sanyaya, an ƙwanƙwasa harsashi, an yanke sassan daga itacen, kuma suna matsawa zuwa ƙarewar farko (bushe fashewa, yanke). Sa'an nan kuma ya zo da mahimmanci hannun-kashe zuwa CNC machining. Anan, sashin ya inganta akan buga. Dubawa ta ƙarshe, mai yuwuwa gami da NDT kamar mai shiga rini, yana rufe madauki. Duka rasa tsarin simintin kakin zuma, don haka, shine wannan hadadden sarkar: yin tsari, ginin harsashi, narkewa/zubawa, da sarrafa simintin siminti. Hanya mai rauni a kowane bangare yana lalata sashin ƙarshe. Wannan cikakken ra'ayi, wanda aka gina akan shekaru talatin na magance matsaloli a duk waɗannan matakan, shine ke bayyana mai iya samar da kayayyaki, ba wai kawai ikon zuba ƙarfe a cikin tsari ba.
