Lokacin da injiniyoyi suka zaɓi sassan simintin bakin karfe don sabis mai ɗaukar nauyi tare da matsakaicin bayyanar lalata, ASTM A747 yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙa'idodin abu akai-akai. ASTM A747 yana rufe hazo-taurin simintin bakin karfe, nau'in jefa karfe sassa wanda ke ba da daidaituwar haɗin kai na babban ƙarfi, ƙarfin sarrafawa da juriya na lalata. Ba kamar na yau da kullun austenitic bakin karfe simintin gyare-gyare kamar CF8M, waɗannan gami suna haɓaka aikin injina mafi inganci ta hanyar sarrafa zafi mai sarrafa, maimakon dogaro kawai akan ƙarfafa-ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Wannan jagorar ya ƙunshi daidaitattun iyawa, samuwa maki, iyakoki na inji, halayen lalata, ƙa'idodin kula da zafi, aikace-aikace na yau da kullun da mahimman la'akari don simintin ASTM A747.
Menene ASTM A747?
ASTM A747 shine ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ASTM don hazo-hardening bakin karfe. Yana bayyana buƙatu don haɗakar sinadarai, kaddarorin inji, maganin zafi, gwaji, dubawa da yin alama don abubuwan da aka yi da simintin gyare-gyare daga wannan dangin gami.
Wannan ma'auni ya shafi sassan simintin gyare-gyaren da aka ƙera ta hanyar tsarin simintin yau da kullun, gami da simintin saka hannun jari. Yana kai hari ga abubuwan da ke buƙatar ƙarfi mafi girma fiye da simintin bakin karfe na austenitic na al'ada yayin da yake riƙe aiki mai jure lalata. ASTM A747 yayi ba cover aikata hazo-hardening bakin karfe kayayyakin. Hakanan ya haɗa da simintin austenitic, ferritic da martensitic bakin maki waɗanda aka ayyana ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodi daban-daban kamar ASTM A351.
Masu ƙira galibi suna ƙididdige ASTM A747 akan zane-zanen injiniya don datsa bawul, kayan aikin famfo da kayan aikin da aka fallasa zuwa yanayi mai laushi zuwa matsakaicin lalata.
Bayanan tabbatarwa: Tabbatar da sabuwar lambar bita ta ASTM A747 mai aiki da cikakken ma'auni na hukuma kafin fitar da zane na ƙarshe.
Bayanan Bayani na ASTM A747
ASTM A747 yana bayyana jeri na hazo-hardening bakin karfe simintin maki. Kowane aji yana fasalta tsarin sinadarai na al'ada don isa takamaiman ma'auni na ƙarfi, taurin da juriyar lalata bayan taurin shekaru.
Ana gano maki ta daidaitattun ƙididdiga. Yawancin makin simintin gyare-gyare a ƙarƙashin ASTM A747 simintin gyare-gyaren daidai yake da sanannun hazo-hardening gami. Koyaya, simintin simintin gyare-gyare da iyakokin kadarori sun bambanta da takwarorinsu da aka yi kuma ba za a iya ɗaukarsu azaman masu musanyawa ba.
- An rarraba maki ta matakan ƙarfin manufa
- Abubuwan da suka haɗa da jan ƙarfe, niobium da molybdenum suna ba da damar haɓakar hazo mai ƙarfi
- Dole ne a haɗa zaɓin matsayi koyaushe tare da ƙayyadadden yanayin maganin zafi
Bayanan tabbatarwa: Dawo da cikakken jerin ma'auni na hukuma daga takaddar ASTM A747 na yanzu don aikin ƙayyadaddun tsari.
Kayayyakin Injini na ASTM A747 Castings
Kaddarorin injina na sassan simintin ƙarfe na ASTM A747 sun dogara sosai akan yanayin maganin zafi da ake amfani da su. Daraja ɗaya yana dawo da ƙarfin juzu'i daban-daban, ƙarfin samar da ƙarfi, tsayin daka da sakamakon taurin lokacin da aka gwada shi a cikin yanayin da aka yi maganin maganin tare da tsohuwar jihar.
Ana ingantattun kaddarorin ta amfani da takardun shaida na simintin gwaji daban-daban ko tubalan gwajin wakilcin bin ƙa'idodin samfura a cikin ma'auni. Ana yin hukunci akan yarda da mafi ƙarancin ƙimar da ake buƙata maimakon ƙimar ƙima.
Bayanan kula: Teburin da ke ƙasa samfuri ne. Haɓaka duk sel tare da ƙaramin ƙima na hukuma daga bita ASTM A747 mai aiki kafin amfani da fasaha. Kar a musanya bayanan kadarorin 17-4 PH da aka yi don buƙatun simintin gyare-gyare.
| Daraja | Yanayin Maganin Zafi | Ƙarfin Jiki, min | Ƙarfin Haɓaka, min | Tsawaitawa, min | Taurin, kewayo na yau da kullun |
| [Mai riƙe daraja] | Magani yayi + shekaru | [daraja] | [daraja] | [daraja] | [daraja] |
Waɗannan halaye masu ƙarfi suna sa ASTM A747 bakin karfe simintin sassa masu dacewa da abubuwan da aka ɗora a ciki inda CF8 ko CF8M simintin gyare-gyare ba su cika buƙatun ƙarfin amfanin gona ba.
Juriya na Lalata na ASTM A747 Bakin Karfe
ASTM A747 hazo-hardening simintin bakin karfe yana ba da ingantaccen juriya na lalata ga yanayi mai laushi da matsakaicin lalata, amma ba su dace da aikin babban alloy austenitic ko super duplex simintin bakin karfe ba.
An ƙaddara aikin lalata ta hanyar sinadarai mai daraja, ingancin maganin zafi, ƙarewar ƙasa da yanayin sabis:
- Ya dace da ruwa mai daɗi, bayyanar yanayi, tsarma Organic acid da ƙarancin chloride sabis
- Haɗarin rami da ɓarna ɓarna a cikin chloride, brine ko ƙaƙƙarfan mahallin acidic.
- Rashin tsufa ko tsufa na iya lalata aikin injina da juriyar lalatawar gida
Yawancin injiniyoyi suna yin la'akari da ƙimar PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) lokacin tantance maki don sabis ɗin da ke ɗauke da chloride.
Bayanan tabbatarwa: Tabbatar da daidaitaccen sharhi da wakilcin jeri na PREN na kowane darajar ASTM A747.
Abubuwan Bukatun Jiyya na Zafi don ASTM A747 Castings
Maganin zafi ba matakin ƙarewa na zaɓi bane don simintin ASTM A747. Wajibi ne don cimma ƙayyadaddun kaddarorin kayan. Ma'auni yana ƙayyadaddun jerin matakai biyu: maganin maganin da ke biye da hazo (tsufa).
- Maganin Magani: Ana ƙona simintin gyare-gyare a cikin kewayon yanayin zafi kuma ana riƙe shi don narkar da hazo mai tsaka-tsaki a cikin matrix ɗin ƙarfe, sannan a sanyaya yadda ya kamata. Wannan yana haifar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsari.
- Tauraruwar tsufa/hazo: Ana maimaituwar simintin gyare-gyare zuwa ƙananan zafin jiki mai ƙarfi kuma ana riƙe shi. Kyawawan hazo suna samuwa a cikin matrix, suna haɓaka ƙarfin amfanin gona, ƙarfin juriya da taurin yayin rage ductility.
Zagayen tsufa daban-daban suna samar da matakan ƙarfi daban-daban don matsayi ɗaya. Umarnin siye da zanen injiniya dole ne su bayyana a sarari duka duka maki da yanayin jiyya na zafi da ake buƙata. Simintin gyare-gyaren da aka kawo ba tare da madaidaicin sake zagayowar tsufa ba za su gaza gwajin karɓar kayan aikin injiniya.
Bayanin tabbatarwa: Tattara maƙallan zafin jiki na hukuma, lokutan riƙewa da buƙatun sanyaya don kowane maki da yanayi daga ASTM A747.
Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun na ASTM A747 Cast Karfe Parts
An zaɓi simintin gyare-gyare na ASTM A747 lokacin da ƙira ta buƙaci ƙarfin injina mai ƙarfi haɗe da matsakaicin juriya na lalata. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na yau da kullun sun haɗa da sarrafa ruwa, kayan wuta, masana'antu gabaɗaya da kayan aikin mai & gas.
Abubuwan da aka haɗa da simintin simintin ASTM A747 sun haɗa da:
- Tufafin fanfo, famfo casings da sa zobba
- Jikunan bawul, datsa bawul da abubuwan zama
- Kayan aikin sarrafa ruwa da sassa masu haɗawa
- Simintin gyare-gyare mai nauyi wanda aka fallasa ga danshi ko harin sinadari mai laushi
- Majalisun fastener na injina da braket masu buƙatar tauri da juriyar lalata
Katanga mai bakin ciki, bambance-bambancen madaidaicin bambance-bambancen waɗannan sassa galibi ana yin su ta amfani da simintin saka hannun jari na silica sol. Ƙaƙƙarfan simintin gyare-gyare na iya amfani da madadin tsarin simintin gyare-gyare lokacin da ƙarewar ƙasa da buƙatun haƙuri ba su da ƙarfi.
ASTM A747 vs Sauran Common Cast Bakin Karfe Standards
Mafi yawan injiniyoyin kwatancen suna yin ASTM A747 akan ASTM A351 CF8M, kodayake ana amfani da wasu ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun simintin simintin gyare-gyare a masana'antu.
- Saukewa: ASTM A747: Hazo-hardening bakin karfe simintin gyaran kafa. Yana ba da yawan amfanin ƙasa da ƙarfi bayan tsufa; juriya na lalata yana da matsakaici. Kaddarorin ƙarshe sun dogara sosai akan maganin zafi.
- Saukewa: ASTM A351CF8M: Austenitic bakin karfe simintin gyaran kafa (simintin simintin 316). Ƙananan ƙarfi, kyakkyawan ductility, barga juriya; babu wani tsari mai ƙarfi da ake buƙata.
Zaɓi ASTM A747 lokacin da babban ƙarfi ko taurin shine buƙatu na farko kuma sabis ɗin lalata yana da sauƙi zuwa matsakaici. Zaɓi CF8M lokacin da daidaitaccen aikin lalata austenitic, weldability da ductility suna ɗaukar fifiko mafi girma fiye da matsakaicin ƙarfi.
Bayanan tabbatarwa: Bincika daidaitattun teburan kadarori don tabbatar da ƙimar kwatance daidai don bitar ƙira ta yau da kullun.
Mahimman Abubuwan Mahimmanci Lokacin Samar da Ƙungiyoyin Casing Bakin Karfe ASTM A747
Bayanin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin ASTM A747 bakin ƙarfe na simintin gyare-gyare yana rage rashin fahimtar magana, jinkirin samarwa da ƙin simintin simintin.
- Lissafa duka nau'ikan da ake buƙata yanayin maganin zafi akan zane da RFQs
- Ƙayyade buƙatun don takardun shaida, NDT, gwajin matsa lamba ko duba ƙasa
- Tabbatar cewa ginin ya fahimci aikin 17-4 PH ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba tare da amincewar injiniya na yau da kullun ba.
- Bayyana buƙatun aikin simintin gyare-gyare: simintin saka hannun jari (silica sol ko gilashin ruwa), simintin yashi, ko wasu hanyoyin
- Ana buƙatar takaddun shaida gano maganin zafi; Dole ne rahotannin gwajin injina su dace da yanayin maganin zafi da aka bayyana
Yawancin matsalolin inganci tare da simintin A747 sun samo asali ne daga ƙayyadaddun bayanai da basu cika ba, maimakon ƙarancin aikin simintin. Abubuwan buƙatun kula da zafi marasa ma'ana sune tushen tushen tushen gama gari.
Tambayoyi akai-akai Game da ASTM A747
Shin za a iya yin waldi na ASTM A747?
ASTM A747 hazo-hardening simintin bakin karfe za a iya welded. Duk da haka, waldi yana canza ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa. Yankunan walda sun rasa yanayin da suka yi taurin shekaru, kuma ana iya buƙatar maganin zafi bayan walda don maido da aikin injiniyan da aka yi niyya. Dole ne hanyoyin walda su zama masu cancanta don takamaiman matakin aiki da aikace-aikacen sabis, kuma masu ƙira yakamata su yi tsammanin rage ƙarfin gida a yankin walda.
Shin ASTM A747 daidai yake da aikin 17-4 PH?
A'a. Yayin da yawancin maki ASTM A747 sune takwaran aikin simintin gyare-gyare don yin 17-4 PH, simintin gyare-gyaren ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, iyakoki na ƙazanta da ƙananan ƙayyadaddun kayan inji da aka ayyana ta ma'auni. Sauya kai tsaye tsakanin simintin gyare-gyare da gyare-gyare na buƙatar amincewar aikin injiniya.
Wadanne hanyoyin simintin gyaran kafa suka dace da ASTM A747?
ASTM A747 ita kanta ba ta ba da umarnin takamaiman aikin simintin gyaran kafa ba. Ana amfani da simintin saka hannun jari sosai don hadaddun, daidaitattun sassan simintin bakin karfe ASTM A747. Yin simintin yashi kuma yana da amfani don manyan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa tare da buƙatun sassauƙan girma, dangane da iyawar ginin.
Shin ASTM A747 zai iya maye gurbin CF8M?
Sai kawai bayan ƙungiyar ƙira ta kimanta ƙarfin, ductility, yanayin lalata, aikin walda da ƙuntataccen maganin zafi. ASTM A747 yana ba da ƙarfi mafi girma, duk da haka bai fi ko'ina ba a cikin juriya na lalata ko sassauƙar ƙirƙira.
Kammalawa
ASTM A747 shine ƙayyadaddun farko don hazo-hardening bakin karfe simintin sassa. Babban fa'idarsa ita ce ikon samun ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da taurin sarrafawa ta hanyar taurin hazo, yayin da yake riƙe juriya mai amfani ga masana'antu da yawa.
Madaidaicin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai da samo asali sun dogara da mahimman mahimman bayanai guda uku: zaɓar madaidaicin maki, ayyana yanayin jiyya na zafi da ake buƙata, da tabbatar da kafuwar yana ba da takaddun gwaji masu dacewa. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfi fiye da daidaitattun simintin bakin karfe na austenitic, sassan simintin bakin karfe ASTM A747 suna ba da ingantaccen bayani na fasaha - idan yanayin sabis ɗin ya dace da iyakokin lalata gami.
