ASTM A747 Casting Specification: Mākaukau, Mechanical Properties & Applications 

Ke koho nā ʻenekinia i nā ʻāpana hoʻoheheʻe kila kila no ka lawelawe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me ka hōʻike ʻana i ka corrosion haʻahaʻa, ʻo ASTM A747 kekahi o nā mea maʻamau i kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia. Ua uhi ʻia ʻo ASTM A747 i nā hoʻoheheʻe kila kuhili paʻakikī paʻakikī, kahi ʻano o ʻāpana kila hoʻolei e hāʻawi i kahi hui kaulike o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī hiki ke hoʻomalu a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. 'A'ole e like me ka austenitic stainless steel castings ma'amau e like me CF8M, ua ho'omohala kēia mau 'alulu i ka hana mechanical 'oi aku ma o ka mālama 'ana i ka wela, ma kahi o ka hilina'i wale 'ana i ka ho'oikaika 'ana i ka pa'a. Hoʻopili kēia alakaʻi i ka laulā maʻamau, nā māka i loaʻa, nā palena mechanical, nā ʻano corrosion, nā lula mālama wela, nā noi maʻamau a me nā noʻonoʻo kumu kumu no ka hoʻolei ʻana o ASTM A747.

He aha ka ASTM A747?

ʻO ASTM A747 ka kikoʻī maʻamau o ka ASTM no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ua. Hōʻike ia i nā koi no ka hoʻohui kemika, nā waiwai mechanical, ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ka nānā ʻana a me ka hōʻailona ʻana i nā mea hoʻolei i hana ʻia mai kēia ʻohana alloy.

Pili kēia maʻamau i nā ʻāpana hoʻolei i hana ʻia ma o nā kaʻina hoʻoheheʻe maʻamau, me ka hoʻolei kālā. Kuhi ia i nā ʻāpana e koi ana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe aʻe ma mua o nā hoʻolei kila stainless austenitic maʻamau me ka mālama ʻana i ka hana kūʻē corrosion. Hana ʻia ʻo ASTM A747 ʻaʻole uhi i ka ua-paʻakikī i nā huahana kila kuhiliʻole. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ia i ka cast austenitic, ferritic a me martensitic stainless grades i wehewehe ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻokoʻa e like me ASTM A351.

Hōʻike pinepine nā mea hoʻolālā i ka ASTM A747 ma nā kiʻi ʻenekinia no ka ʻoki valve, nā ʻāpana pamu a me nā lako hana i ʻike ʻia i nā kaiapuni haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa.

Manaʻo hōʻoia: E hōʻoia i ka helu hoʻoponopono hou o ASTM A747 a me ke poʻo inoa maʻamau piha ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā kaha kiʻi hope loa.

ʻO ASTM A747 Nānā Kūlana Kūlana

ʻO ka ASTM A747 ka wehewehe ʻana i kahi laina o nā māka hoʻolei kila kila paʻakikī paʻakikī. Hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia papa i kahi hana kemika maʻamau e hiki ai i kahi kaulike kikoʻī o ka ikaika, paʻakikī a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion ma hope o ka paʻakikī o ka makahiki.

ʻIke ʻia nā māka e nā inoa maʻamau. ʻO ka nui o nā helu hoʻolei ma lalo o ka ASTM A747 ʻo ia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe paʻakikī i kaulana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa nā microstructures cast a me nā palena waiwai mai kā lākou mau mea hana a ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia e like me ka hoʻololi.

• Hoʻopili ʻia nā māka e nā pae ikaika i manaʻo ʻia
• ʻO nā mea hoʻohui pū me ke keleawe, ka niobium a me ka molybdenum e hiki ai ke hoʻoikaika i ka ua
• Pono e hoʻohui mau ʻia ke koho papa me kahi kūlana mālama wela

Palapala hōʻoia: E kiʻi i ka papa inoa piha piha mai ka palapala ASTM A747 o kēia manawa no ka hana kikoʻī.

Nā Pono Mechanical o ASTM A747 Castings

ʻO nā waiwai mīkini o ASTM A747 nā ʻāpana kila i hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ke kūlana mālama wela i kau ʻia. Hoʻihoʻi ka papa like i ka ikaika tensile ʻokoʻa loa, ka ikaika hāʻawi, ka elongation a me nā hopena paʻakikī ke hoʻāʻo ʻia i ka mokuʻāina i hoʻoponopono ʻia me ka mokuʻāina ʻelemakule.

Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā waiwai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā coupons hōʻike hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa a i ʻole nā poloka hōʻike ʻelele ma muli o nā lula sampling ma ka maʻamau. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻae ʻana e pili ana i nā waiwai liʻiliʻi i koi ʻia ma mua o nā waiwai i koho ʻia.

Nānā papa: ʻO ka papa ma lalo he laʻa. Hoʻopiha i nā cell āpau me nā waiwai liʻiliʻi loa mai ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o ASTM A747 ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻenehana. Mai hoʻololi i ka ʻikepili waiwai 17-4 PH no ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā koi.

ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe e hana i nā ʻāpana hoʻoheheʻe kila kila ASTM A747 kūpono no nā ʻāpana i hoʻouka ʻia kahi i hoʻokō ʻole ʻia ai nā pahu CF8 a i ʻole CF8M i nā koi ikaika.

Kū'ē Kū'ē o ka ASTM A747 Kuleana kila

Hāʻawi ka ASTM A747 precipitation-hardening cast stainless steels i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion kūpaʻa no nā kaiapuni haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa, akā ʻaʻole like lākou i ka hana ʻana o nā kila kila kila kiʻekiʻe-alloy austenitic a i ʻole super duplex cast stainless steel.

Hoʻoholo ʻia ka hana corrosion e ka kemika papa, ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻili a me ke kaiapuni lawelawe:

• He kūpono no ka wai maʻemaʻe, ka ʻike lewa, dilute organic acids a me ka lawelawe haʻahaʻa-chloride
• ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pōʻino o ka lua a me ka ʻāʻī ʻana i loko o ka chloride concentrated, brine a i ʻole ka ʻakika ikaika.
• Hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hana ʻenekini a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion kūloko

He nui nā ʻenekinia e kuhikuhi ana i nā waiwai PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) i ka wā e nānā ana i nā māka no ka lawelawe i loko o ka chloride.

Manaʻo hōʻoia: E hōʻoia i ka ʻōlelo maʻamau a me nā pae kuhikuhi PREN no kēlā me kēia papa ASTM A747.

Nā Koina Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Wela no ASTM A747 Castings

ʻAʻole ʻo ka mālama wela he hana hoʻopau koho no ka hoʻolei ʻana o ASTM A747. Pono e hoʻokō i nā waiwai i kuhikuhi ʻia. Hōʻike ka maʻamau i kahi kaʻina hana ʻelua: ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻonā a ukali ʻia e ka paʻakikī o ka ua (ke ʻelemakule).

1. Hoʻoponopono: Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i loko o kahi ʻano wela i wehewehe ʻia a paʻa e hoʻoheheʻe i nā ʻeke intermetallic i loko o ka matrix metala, a laila hoʻoluʻu kūpono. Hoʻopuka kēia i kahi microstructure baseline palupalu.
2. ʻO ka ʻelemakule / ka paʻakikī o ka ua: Hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻia ka hoʻolei ʻana i kahi mahana haʻahaʻa, paʻa paʻa a paʻa. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻeke maikaʻi i loko o ka matrix, e hoʻonui ana i ka ikaika, ka ikaika tensile a me ka paʻakikī ʻoiai e hōʻemi ana i ka ductility.

Hoʻopuka nā pōʻai ʻelemakule like ʻole i nā pae ikaika like ʻole no ka papa like. Pono e hōʻike maopopo i nā kauoha kūʻai a me nā kiʻi ʻenekinia i ka pae a me ke kūlana mālama wela e pono ai. ʻO nā mea hoʻolei i hoʻolako ʻia me ka ʻole o ka pōʻaiapuni ʻelemakule kūpono e hāʻule i nā hoʻokolohua ʻae ʻana i ka waiwai mechanical.

Manaʻo hōʻoia: E hōʻiliʻili i nā hui wela kūhelu, nā manawa paʻa a me nā koi hoʻoluʻu no kēlā me kēia papa a me ke kūlana mai ASTM A747.

Nā noi maʻamau o ka ASTM A747 mau ʻāpana kila

ʻO ka ASTM A747 corrosion-resistant castings i koho ʻia ke koi ʻia nā hoʻolālā i ka ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe i hui pū ʻia me ke kūpaʻa corrosion haʻahaʻa. ʻO nā hihia hoʻohana maʻamau e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai, nā lako mana, ʻoihana maʻamau a me nā lako ʻaila a me nā kinoea kōkua.

ʻO nā ʻāpana hoʻolei maʻamau ʻo ASTM A747:

• Pump impellers, pump casings a komo apo
• ʻO nā kino valve, ʻokiʻoki a me nā mea noho
• ʻO nā lako hoʻomalu wai a me nā ʻāpana hoʻohui
• Hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe i ka makū a i ʻole ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā kemika
• ʻO nā hui hoʻopaʻa mīkini a me nā pale e koi ana i ka paʻakikī a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion

Hana ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia mau ʻāpana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka silica sol investment casting. Hiki ke hoʻohana i nā kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻokoʻa ke hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻili a me nā koi hoʻomanawanui.

ASTM A747 vs

ʻO ka mea hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike pinepine ʻia ʻo ASTM A747 e kūʻē i ka ASTM A351 CF8M, ʻoiai ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kikoʻī kulika ʻē aʻe i ka ʻoihana.

• ASTM A747: Hoolei kila kuhilihi e paakiki i ka ua. Hāʻawi i ka hua kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika tensile ma hope o ka ʻelemakule; ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. ʻO nā waiwai hope e pili pono ana i ka mālama wela.
• ASTM A351 CF8M: Austenitic kuhiliʻole kila hoolei 'ia (hoʻolei like me 316). ʻO ka ikaika haʻahaʻa, ka ductility maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa kūpaʻa paʻa; ʻaʻohe kaʻina hana paʻakikī makahiki.

E koho i ka ASTM A747 inā ʻo ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka paʻakikī ke koi mua a ʻo ka lawelawe corrosion he maʻalahi a haʻahaʻa. E koho i ka CF8M i ka wā e paʻa ai ka hana ʻino austenitic, weldability a me ka ductility i ka mea nui ma mua o ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe.

Manaʻo hōʻoia: E nānā i nā papa waiwai maʻamau e hōʻoia i ka pololei o nā waiwai hoʻohālikelike no ka loiloi hoʻolālā maʻamau.

Nā Manaʻo Koʻikoʻi i ka wā e kiʻi ai i nā ʻāpana hoʻolei kila kila ʻole ASTM A747

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kikoʻī i ka wā e loaʻa ai nā ʻāpana hoʻoheheʻe kila kila ASTM A747 e hōʻemi i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻole ʻana o ka ʻōlelo, ka lohi o ka hana a me ka hoʻolei ʻana.

• E papa inoa i ka papa a me ke kūlana mālama wela e pono ai ma nā kaha kiʻi a me nā RFQ
• E wehewehe i nā koi no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, NDT, kaomi hoʻāʻo a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻili
• E hōʻoia i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana o ka foundry i hana ʻia 17-4 PH ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia me ka ʻole o ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o ka ʻenehana.
• E wehewehe i nā pono o ka hoʻolei ʻana: hoʻolei kālā (silica sol a i ʻole aniani wai), hoʻolei one, a i ʻole nā ala ʻē aʻe
• E koi i nā palapala hōʻoia traceability mālama wela; Pono nā hōʻike hoʻāʻo mechanical e like me ke kūlana mālama wela i ʻōlelo ʻia

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pilikia maikaʻi me nā hoʻoheheʻe A747 mai nā kikoʻī piha ʻole, ma mua o ka hana hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO nā koi lapaʻau wela ambiguous ke kumu maʻamau.

Nīnau pinepine e pili ana iā ASTM A747

Hiki i ka ASTM A747 ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia?

ASTM A747 hiki ke wiliwili ʻia ke kila kila hoʻopaʻa paʻakikī. Eia naʻe, hoʻololi ka welding i ka microstructure kūloko a me nā waiwai waiwai. Nalo nā ʻāpana weld i ko lākou kūlana paʻakikī makahiki, a pono paha ka mālama ʻana i ka wela ma hope o ka weld no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka hana mechanical. Pono nā kaʻina hana Weld e kūpono no ka papa kikoʻī a me ka noi lawelawe, a pono nā mea hoʻolālā e manaʻo i ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika kūloko ma ka ʻāina weld.

Ua like anei ka ASTM A747 me 17-4 PH?

ʻAʻole. ʻOiai he nui nā helu ASTM A747 ka mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka 17-4 PH i hana ʻia, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā microstructures like ʻole, nā palena haumia a me nā waiwai mechanical liʻiliʻi i wehewehe ʻia e ka maʻamau. Pono ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o ka ʻenekinia e hoʻololi pololei ma waena o nā ʻano hoʻolei a me ka wrought.

He aha nā kaʻina hana hoʻolei i kūpono no ASTM A747?

ʻAʻole kauoha ʻo ASTM A747 i kahi kaʻina hoʻolei kikoʻī. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hoʻolei kālā no ka paʻakikī, pololei ʻo ASTM A747 nā ʻāpana hoʻolei kila kila. Hiki ke hoʻolei ʻia ke one no nā ʻāpana nui me nā koi ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, e pili ana i ka hiki o ka foundry.

Hiki iā ASTM A747 ke hoʻololi iā CF8M?

Ma hope wale nō o ka loiloi ʻana o ka hui hoʻolālā i ka ikaika, ductility, corrosion environment, welding performance and heat treatment constraints. Hāʻawi ʻo ASTM A747 i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, akā ʻaʻole ia i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ao holoʻokoʻa i ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a i ʻole ka hiki ke hana.

Ka hopena

ʻO ASTM A747 ka mea kikoʻī mua no ka ua-hoʻopaʻapaʻa i nā ʻāpana kila kila. ʻO kāna waiwai nui ka hiki ke hoʻokō i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma o ka paʻakikī paʻakikī, ʻoiai e mālama ana i ka pale corrosion hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā kaiapuni ʻoihana.

ʻO ka kikoʻī pololei a me ka loaʻa ʻana e hilinaʻi ʻia ma nā kumu nui ʻekolu: ke koho ʻana i ka papa kūpono, ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kūlana mālama wela e pono ai, a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka waihona e hāʻawi i nā palapala hoʻāʻo kūpono. No nā noi e koi ana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe aʻe ma mua o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ke kila kila austenitic maʻamau, ʻo ASTM A747 nā ʻāpana hoʻoheheʻe kila kila e hāʻawi i kahi hopena ʻenehana hilinaʻi - hāʻawi ʻia ke kaiapuni lawelawe i nā palena ʻino o ka alloy.