Lokacin da yawancin mutane ke tunani game da ƙwayar ƙarfe (PM), suna tsalle kai tsaye zuwa latsawa da sintering. The ainihin foda samar sau da yawa samun kula a matsayin kayayyaki mataki, wani abu da ka kawai saya a. Wannan wani m sa ido. Halayen foda — ilimin halittar jikin sa, rarraba girman barbashi, iya tafiyarwa, da ƙarancin gani—an kulle su a nan. Ba za ku iya danna ko karkatar da hanyarku daga mummunan foda ba. Yana bayyana duk abin da ya zo bayan.
Hanyoyi masu mahimmanci da Gaskiyar Zabi
Kuna da manyan hanyoyin: atomization ga karafa, rage sinadarai don abubuwa kamar tungsten, da hanyoyin inji kamar niƙa. Atomization na ruwa yana aiki don yawancin foda mai tsada-mai tsada, yana ba ku waɗanda ba bisa ka'ida ba, ɓangarorin oxidized kaɗan waɗanda suka haɗa da kyau. Amma idan kuna buƙatar foda mai siffar zobe don aikace-aikacen manyan ayyuka kamar masana'anta ƙari ko gyaran gyare-gyaren ƙarfe (MIM), atomization gas shine kawai wasan gaske a cikin gari. Gas maras amfani, yawanci argon ko nitrogen, yana karya rafin narke cikin filaye kusa da cikakke. Yunkurin tsalle yana da mahimmanci, amma haka yake aiki.
Anan ga snag mai amfani da muka shiga tare da bacin bakin karfe 316L don MIM. Takaddun bayanai sun yi kira ga D90 a ƙarƙashin 22 microns. Gas ɗin foda mai atom ɗin ya dawo yana kallon cikakke a ƙarƙashin SEM, kyawawan wurare. Amma binciken sieve ya nuna wutsiya mai kitse na tara-barbashi da ke ƙasa da microns 10. Wannan mafarki ne mai ban tsoro don ƙaddamarwa; yana canza kwararar jini, yana iya haifar da blister. Mai siyarwar ya tweaked da iskar gas don buga mafi girma yawan amfanin ƙasa, ba da gangan ya haifar da ƙarin tara tara. Ba ta cika ba, amma ya kusan lalata aikin samarwa. Ya koya mani koyaushe in nemi cikakken tsarin PSD, ba kawai maki D10, D50, D90 ba.
Wannan shine inda haɗin gwiwa na dogon lokaci tare da masana'antun da ƙwararrun kayan aiki ke da mahimmanci. Kamfanin kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), tare da shekarun da suka gabata a cikin simintin gyare-gyare da kuma gami, sun fahimci wannan daga wancan gefe. Su ba masu samar da foda ba ne, amma zurfin iliminsu game da halayen gami-musamman waɗancan na tushen nickel ko cobalt na tushen superalloys-suna sanar da abin da suke buƙata daga masu samar da foda don matakai na gaba kamar saka hannun jari na sassa-siffar kusa-net. Tsaftar foda da daidaito suna shafar sakamakon simintin gyare-gyaren harsashi kai tsaye.
Bayan Fayil ɗin Bayanai: Gudanarwa da Boye-sauye
Takaddun shaida na bincike wuri ne na farawa, ba duka labarin ba. Bayyanannun yawa da ƙimar kwarara (wanda aka auna ta wurin ma'aunin ruwa na Hall) suna da mahimmanci don cika matsi ta atomatik. Foda na iya samun babban PSD amma maras kyau saboda barbashi na tauraron dan adam-waɗannan ƙananan sassan da aka haɗa su kan manyan waɗanda suka yi karo a hasumiya atomization. Suna aiki kamar ƙananan anka.
Kulawa bayan samarwa wani rami ne na baki. Na ga cikakkiyar foda ta lalace ta wurin ajiyar da bai dace ba. Ɗaukar danshi a cikin foda na ferrous abu ne na al'ada. Ko da a cikin kwantena da aka rufe, idan ɗakin ajiyar ba a sarrafa shi ba, kuna samun iskar oxygen da ke cutar da ƙarfi da ƙarfi na ƙarshe. Don kayan aiki masu amsawa kamar titanium ko aluminium alloys, yana da sauran sauran matakan ƙulla-yawanci-sau da yawa yana buƙatar dawo da argon. Kudin foda abu daya ne; kudin da ake kashewa wajen kiyaye jiharta har ta kai ga mutuwa wani ne.
Wani lokaci, maganin shine haɗuwa. Mun taɓa samun ɓangaren da ke buƙatar ƙarfin koren ƙarfi amma kuma hadadden lissafi. Foda mai tushe guda ɗaya ba ta yanke shi ba. Mun ƙare haɗa batches biyu daga tushe guda ɗaya amma tare da rabe-raben girman daban-daban - ɗaya mai ƙarfi don kwarara, ɗaya mafi kyau don ɗaure. Tsarin hadawa da kansa ya zama mai mahimmanci; Haɗin mazugi biyu da V-blending ya ba da daidaituwa iri-iri, yana shafar daidaiton sashi-zuwa-bangare. Tsari ne mai ban sha'awa, mai cin lokaci wanda ba za ku taɓa gani ba akan ƙasidar PM mai haske.
Ƙaƙwalwar Alloys na Musamman da Ƙwararren Ƙwararru
Anan ne roba ta hadu da hanya. Yin aiki tare da daidaitaccen ƙarfe, jan ƙarfe, ko foda na bakin karfe yana da sauƙi. Sarkar samar da kayayyaki ya balaga. Amma lokacin da ƙirar ku ta yi kira ga gawa mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na tushen nickel kamar Inconel 718, ko gawa mai ƙarfi mai jure juriya kamar Stellite 6, komai yana canzawa.
Ayyukan narkewa kafin atomization shine mafi mahimmanci. Abubuwan da aka gano, abun ciki na iskar gas (oxygen, nitrogen), da kamanni na babban gami duk ana buga su akan foda. Ƙananan rarrabuwa a cikin ingot na iya haifar da wurare masu zafi ko rashin daidaituwa daga baya. Ga kwararre na injina kamar QSY, wanda daga baya yayi Injin CNC a kan sassan PM masu ɓarna, rashin daidaiton tauri ko kasancewar magudanar ruwa, ɓarna daga ƙazantar ƙazanta na iya lalata kayan aiki. Suna buƙatar abin da za a iya iya faɗi, kayan da ba su dace ba zuwa na'ura don jure juriya, wanda ke mayar da nauyi akan samar da foda don sadar da cikakkiyar daidaito.
Samo waɗannan foda ƙalubale ne. Ƙididdigar sun yi ƙasa da ƙasa, lokutan jagorar ya fi tsayi. Yawancin lokaci kuna mu'amala kai tsaye tare da injin niƙa wanda ke samar da kayan masarufi ko tare da na'urar atomizer na musamman. Ba siye ba ne. Da gaske kuna haɓaka ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki. Na tuna wani aiki don hatimin sararin samaniya inda takaddun ƙayyadaddun foda ya kasance tsawon shafuka 12. Ya ji wuce gona da iri a lokacin, amma ya hana kasawa a layin.
Kasawa da darussan da suke bugawa
Kuna ƙarin koyo daga rukunin da ya gaza fiye da ɗari da suka wuce. A farkon lokacina, muna da kayan aiki masu mahimmancin gajiya waɗanda suka fara kasawa a gwaji. Fagen karaya ya nuna tsabta, gazawar intergranular. Mun duba duk abin da: matsa lamba, sintering zafin jiki da yanayi, zafi magani. Duk don ƙayyadaddun bayanai. A ƙarshe, mun koma ga foda mai yawa kuma muka yi zurfi. Binciken narkewar acid ya nuna dan kadan sama da abun da ke cikin nitrogen. Atomizer ya yi amfani da tushen argon tare da ƙazanta mafi girma na nitrogen don wannan tsari. Wannan ɗan ƙaramin ƙarar nitrogen mai tsaka-tsaki ya ɓata iyakokin hatsi kawai. Foda ya kasance a cikin takamaiman sinadarai, amma ƙayyadaddun binciken gas ɗin ya yi faɗin yawa. Muka tsananta shi, kuma matsalar ta ɓace. Yanzu, Ina jin tsoro game da takaddun gas don iskar gas ɗin da kanta.
Wani darasi kuma shine game da haɓakawa. Foda da ke aiki daidai a cikin batches 50kg don yin samfuri na iya yin hali daban a cikin samar da ton 2. Matsakaicin sanyaya a cikin hasumiya atomization na iya bambanta, yana haifar da canje-canje masu sauƙi a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Dole ne ku dage kan matukin jirgi a kusa da sikelin samarwa kafin ku shiga. Yana da tsada kuma yana ɗaukar lokaci, amma mai rahusa fiye da cikakken tunawa.
Inda Wannan Duk Ya Haɗu: Haɗin Kayan Samfura
Wannan ya kawo ni ga mafi fa'ida. Samar da foda ba wani keɓantaccen mataki bane. Ita ce hanyar haɗin yanar gizo ta farko a cikin sarkar da ta haɗa da ƙirƙira, daidaitawa, da sau da yawa ayyukan sakandare kamar Injin CNC ko saman jiyya. Mafi kyawun sakamako yana zuwa lokacin da akwai ra'ayi tare da dukan sarkar.
Kamfanin da ke kula da simintin gyare-gyaren ci gaba guda biyu (harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa, zuba jari) da machining daidai, kamar wanda za ku samu a ciki https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, ya ƙunshi wannan haɗin kai. Suna ganin aikin ƙarshen amfani. Idan wani ɓangaren da suke na'ura daga ɓangarorin PM mara kyau yana da rayuwar kayan aiki mara kyau ko kwanciyar hankali mara tsinkaya, wannan ra'ayin yana buƙatar komawa zuwa ga sinterer, kuma a ƙarshe ga mai samar da foda. Haɗin oxide ne a cikin foda? Barbashi mai zurfi da ya rushe yayin sintering? Wannan fahimtar rufaffiyar madauki shine abin da ke raba sassa masu kyau daga abin dogaro, manyan abubuwan aiki.
Don haka, lokacin da kuka kalli ɓangaren PM ɗin da aka gama, ba wai kawai kuna kallon ƙarfe ne da aka danne da sirdi ba. Kuna duba tarihin narkewa, kimiyyar lissafi na bututun mai atomization, dabaru na sarrafa, da jerin sasantawa masu sarrafawa. Foda shine DNA. Kuma kamar DNA, ƙarami, aibi marar gani zai iya ƙayyade makomar dukan jiki. Samun shi daidai ya rage game da fasaha mai walƙiya da ƙari game da kula da hankali ga daki-daki, ana koya sau da yawa ta hanyar ƙwarewar nasara.
