Bari mu kasance masu gaskiya, lokacin da yawancin mutane suka ji 'hazo mai taurin bakin karfe', suna tunanin gwarzon bayanai - 17-4PH, watakila 15-5PH, tare da waɗancan lambobin ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa masu ban sha'awa. Gaskiyar da ke kan filin shago, musamman a cikin hadaddun simintin gyare-gyare da kayan aikin injin, dabba ce ta daban. Ba wai kawai game da buga lambar taurin ba; shi ne game da sarrafa raye-rayen da ke tsakanin maganin maganin, yanayin tsufa, da kuma murdiya da ba makawa da ke tattare da ita, duk yayin da sashin ya kasance mai rikitarwa, simintin saka hannun jari mai sirara. A nan ne ainihin ilimin, da kuma ramukan gama gari, suke rayuwa.
Ƙarfafawa da Gaskiyar Makin PH
Muna samun tambayoyi da yawa don 17-4PH. Shi ne tafi-zuwa. Abokan ciniki suna ganin juzu'in 1300 MPa kuma suna tunanin sauyi ne don maye gurbin kowane buƙatu mai ƙarfi. Amma na ga ayyukan sun yi tuntuɓe daga ƙofar don ba su yi la'akari da yanayin ba. Shin muna farawa da hannun jari, ƙirƙira, ko simintin gyare-gyare? Ga kamfani irin namu, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ku zuba jari babban tsari ne, labarin ya fara da narkewar sunadarai da yanayin simintin simintin gyare-gyare. Halin da ake ciki na maganin ya rushe jihar kafin mu yi tunanin tsufa yana da mahimmanci. Simintin gyare-gyare na iya samun ƙananan rarrabuwa wanda mashaya da aka yi ba ta yi ba, wanda zai iya haifar da amsa mara daidaituwa daga baya.
Sannan akwai jerin mashin din. Kuna inji a cikin yanayin da aka magance (mai laushi, mai sauƙi akan kayan aiki) sannan kuma shekaru? Ko kun fara tsufa sannan kuma kuna ƙoƙarin yin injin 40+ HRC kayan? Na farko ya fi wayo, amma dole ne ku gasa a cikin jujjuyawar girma daga tsufa zuwa juriyarku. Mun koyi wannan hanya mai wuya da wuri tare da jikin bawul. An ƙirƙira shi da kyau a cikin Yanayin A, ya tsufa, kuma ya sami ingantattun diamita na ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Dole ne a sake warware matsalar gaba ɗaya da injin, wanda darasi ne mai tsada a cikin hawan keken zafi.
Yana tilasta muku yin tunani cikakke. Zaɓin ba kawai bakin karfe ba ne, sarkar tsari ce: daidaiton simintin simintin gyare-gyare -> daidaituwar daidaituwar rashin daidaituwa -> izinin hannun jari na pre-machining -> tsufa mai sarrafawa -> ƙarewar ƙarshe. Rashin hanyar haɗin gwiwa yana karya sarkar. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ga sassa masu dogaro na gaskiya, sau da yawa muna yin haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyar injiniyan abokin ciniki daga matakin CAD, ba kawai lokacin da RFQ ya sauka ba.
Halin H900 vs. H1150: Ba Zazzabi ba ne kawai
Madaidaitan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsufa (H900, H1025, H1150) sune wuraren farawa, ba bishara ba. H900 yana ba ku ƙarfin kololuwa amma ƙarancin ƙarfi. Don ɓangaren kayan saukarwa da muka yi aiki a kai, ƙayyadaddun ya kira H900. Amma yayin yin samfuri, gwajin Charpy a ƙananan zafin jiki sun kasance kan iyaka. Mun yi doguwar tattaunawa da ma'aikacin ƙarfe na abokin ciniki. Za mu iya samun ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi tsoma don ingantacciyar taurin karaya? Mun gudanar da tsari a H925 sannan H950, muna gwada tensile da tasiri. H950 ya ba mu daidaitattun ma'auni - ƙarfin har yanzu yana kan mafi ƙarancin ƙira, amma ƙimar tasirin tasiri. An amince da shi azaman madadin sake zagayowar tsufa. Takardar bayanan ba ta gaya mana cewa; gwajin sarrafawa da hukuncin injiniya ya yi.
Wannan shi ne inda shekaru 30-plus a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da Injin CNC yana biya. Kuna haɓaka jin yadda abu ke motsawa. Hazo hardening Alloys, a lokacin tsufa, kar kawai samun wahala; suna fuskantar canji mai hankali. Don hadaddun, gidaje simintin saka hannun jari na asymmetrical, wannan ba iri ɗaya bane. Mun fara amfani da takardun shaidan gwajin hadaya da aka jefa daga zube ɗaya, haɗe zuwa mahimman wuraren ɓangaren ta ƙofofin bakin ciki. Muna tsufa duka taron, sa'an nan kuma mu yanke takardun shaida don taurin da ƙima. Wani ƙarin mataki ne, amma yana tsara taswirar amsawar tsufa a cikin juzu'i, yana ceton baƙin ciki daga baya.
Kuma bari mu yi magana game da sake yin aiki. Idan wani sashi ya tsufa sannan kuma yana buƙatar gyaran walda fa? Yana da ban tsoro. Zafin walda ya wuce shekarun HAZ, yana haifar da yanki mai laushi. Yawancin lokaci dole ne ku koma cikin cikakken bayani anneal, wanda zai iya jujjuya sashin, sannan sake kunna injin da sake tsufa. Wani lokaci, yana da ƙarin tattalin arziki don goge shi. Wannan muhimmin batu ne da muke jaddadawa yayin nazarin ƙira a QSY: idan weldability ne mai yiwuwa nan gaba, watakila wani daban-daban sa na bakin karfe ya fi kyau, koda kuwa ƙarfin farko ya kasance ƙasa. Jimlar farashin rayuwa yana da mahimmanci.
Haɓakawa na Musamman na Musamman: PH vs. Maraging
Wannan tangent ne mai ban sha'awa. Muna kuma aiki da musamman gami kamar maraging karafa. Abokan ciniki wani lokaci suna rikita su da bakin PH. Dukansu suna ƙarfafa ta hazo, amma maraging karafa sune baƙin ƙarfe-nickel tare da cobalt, molybdenum, titanium - babu chromium don juriya na lalata. Dabba ce daban. Maganin maganin su shine sauƙi austenitize da iska mai sanyi, samar da martensite mai laushi. Tsufa sannan yana haifar da intermetallics. Hargitsi sau da yawa yana ƙasa da na bakin PH, wanda shine babban fa'ida ga dogon, siriri na kayan aikin injin.
Ina tunawa da wani aiki don madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin ma'auni. Fasin farko ya kasance tare da 15-5PH. Bayan tsufa, madaidaiciyar ta fita. Mun sake gyara shi tare da matsi madaidaici, amma bai dace ba. Mun ba da shawarar C250 maraging karfe a madadin. Ba a buƙatar juriya na lalata ba (yana cikin yanayin da aka rufe, mai mai). Hanyar maraging ta ba mu ƙarfi, mafi sauƙin magani mai zafi tare da ƙarancin murdiya, da ingantattun injina a cikin yanayin da aka warware. Ya fi dacewa. Yana da game da samun palette na abu da kuma gwaninta don sanin lokacin da za a fita waje da daidaitaccen akwatin bakin.
Irin wannan giciye-pollination na ilimi yana da mahimmanci. Aiki tare da nickel tushen gami kuma cobalt alloys yana koya muku abubuwa da yawa game da haɓakar haɓakar hazo da yanayin jiyya na zafi. Wannan ilimin yana komawa cikin yadda muke ɗaukar mafi yawan makin PH na gama gari. An haɗa duka.
CNC Machining: The Tooling da Coolant Dance
Machining PH bakin karfe, musamman a cikin yanayin tsufa, shine inda kuke ƙone ta hanyar kasafin kayan aiki idan ba ku da hankali. Yana da abrasive da aiki-hardens. Mun daidaita kan wasu ƙa'idodi masu wuyar gaske. Na farko, m saitin. Duk wani mai zance zai yi aiki nan take-taurara saman, yana mai da na gaba wucewa jahannama. Na biyu, yumbu ko ci-gaba-carbide abun da ake sakawa tare da kaifi, kyawawan geometries. Ba mu gudu mai sauri karfe a nan. Coolant ba za a iya sasantawa ba, kuma dole ne ya zama babban lubricant, nau'in roba, ambaliya da karimci. Manufar ita ce a cire zafi tare da guntu, kar a bar shi ya jiƙa cikin ɓangaren kuma mai yiwuwa a cikin gida ya wuce shekaru.
Haƙa ramuka masu zurfi ƙalubale ne na musamman. Hakowa Peck ya zama dole, tare da cikakken ja da baya don share kwakwalwan kwamfuta da ruwan sanyaya saukar da sarewa. Mun lalata ƴan simintin gyare-gyare masu tsada da wuri ta hanyar barin guntuwar gamuwa da walƙiya zuwa rawar sojan, wanda sai ya fashe a cikin rami. Yanzu, shirye-shiryen mu na CNC na waɗannan kayan suna da tebur abinci mai saurin ra'ayin mazan jiya, wanda aka gina daga shekarun gwaji da kuskure. Bayanan da ke cikin gidan yanar gizon su, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, yayi magana game da iyawa, amma ainihin iyawa shine ɗakin karatu na ma'auni a cikin masu sarrafa injin mu da ƙwarewar masu shirye-shiryen mu sanin lokacin da za a soke shi.
Ƙarshen saman yana da mahimmanci kuma. Wurin da aka ƙera mashin ɗin akan alloy na PH na iya zama wurin ƙaddamar da damuwa da lalata. Sau da yawa muna ƙididdige fasinja na ƙarshe tare da ƙaddamarwa na gamawa ko ma aikin niƙa / goge haske akan saman rufewa. Yana ƙara farashi, amma ga wani ɓangare a cikin lalata, yanayin matsananciyar damuwa, inshora ne.
Kallon Baya da Ci gaba
To, a ina wannan ya bar mu hazo hardening bakin karfe? Iyali ne mai ban mamaki na kayan, amma yana buƙatar girmamawa da tsarin tsarin. Ba kaya ba ne. Ƙimar da mai kaya ke kawowa ba wai kawai narkewa da zubewa ko sarrafa na'urar CNC ba; yana cikin haɗa waɗannan matakan tare da ƙarfe.
A QSY, shekaru talatin a cikin harsashi mold simintin gyaran kafa, saka hannun jari, da machining yana nufin mun ga waɗannan matsalolin a baya. Mun warware sassa, karya kayan aikin, kuma mun aika da takardun shaida don samun yanayin tsufa daidai. Wannan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar cibiyar shine abin da ke hana waɗannan batutuwa daga maimaitawa akan aikin na gaba. Yana ba mu damar shiryar da abokan ciniki daga yuwuwar ramummuka - kamar tantance tsufa na H900 don babban simintin simintin ɓangarorin da ba za a iya sarrafa su ba, ko tsara matakin walda bayan maganin zafi na ƙarshe.
Na gaba, ina tsammanin, yana cikin haɗin kai sosai. Wataƙila yin amfani da simulation don hasashen ɓarnar tsufa dangane da simintin lissafi na simintin simintin gyare-gyare, ko ƙarin yaɗuwar yin amfani da sa ido a cikin tsari yayin aikin injin don gano lalacewan kayan aiki kafin ya yi tasiri ga ingancin saman. Amma ainihin zai kasance: fahimtar cewa PH bakin karfe tsari ne, ba kawai abu ba. Ba ka siyan sanda na karfe; kana siyan nasarar aiwatar da tsarin zafi mai laushi da injina. Kuma samun wannan jerin daidai shine abin da ke raba sashin aiki daga abin dogaro.
