Kuna jin simintin ƙarfe na ƙarfe mai ƙarfi kuma ƙasidu suna zana hoton kamala: sassan siffa-kusa-da-kusa, kyawawan kaddarorin inji, ƙarancin porosity. Amma shiga cikin wani katafaren ginin da a zahiri aka yi ƙoƙarin aiwatar da shi, kuma labarin ya rikice. Ba wani harsashi na sihiri ba ne; tsari ne da ke rayuwa a cikin kunkuntar taga na sarrafawa, kuma samun kuskure yana da tsada. Yawancin shagunan suna tunanin yanayin zafi ne kawai, amma da gaske game da Semi-m karfe simintin gyaran kafa Halin slurry's thixotropic - waccan yanayi mai ban mamaki inda yake gudana kamar ruwa a ƙarƙashin ƙarfi amma yana riƙe da siffa kamar ƙarfi lokacin da yake tsaye. Kunna wancan, kuma kuna da wani abu. Rasa shi, kuma kuna kallon guntun tarkace mai tsada.
Babban Ra'ayin da Inda Mutane suke tuntuɓe
Asalin ƙa'idar yaudara ce mai sauƙi. Maimakon zuba cikakken ƙarfe na ruwa, kuna aiki tare da gami a cikin mushy, ƙasa mai ƙarfi, yawanci kusan 30-50% ƙaƙƙarfan juzu'i. Ana kuma allurar wannan slurry a cikin mutu. Babban kuskure? Cewa wannan shine kawai sanyaya simintin. Ba haka ba. Shirye-shiryen slurry shine komai. Ko dai ku je hanyar rheocasting, inda za ku kwantar da ƙarfe na ruwa zuwa cikin yanki mai ƙarfi yayin motsawa, ko thixocasting, inda za ku fara da wani billet ɗin da aka shirya na musamman kuma ku sake kunna shi. Rheocasting yana da kama da kai tsaye, amma yana sarrafa sanyaya da tashin hankali don samun daidaitaccen tsari mai kyau na globular a cikin slurry — wannan shine fasaha. Na ga saitin inda tashin hankalin ya ƙare ta ɗan ƙaramin gefe, kuma ɓangaren da ya haifar yana da rauni mara ƙarfi da ba za ku iya gani ba har sai an gwada gajiya.
Mutane da yawa suna zaton kowane aluminum ko magnesium gami zai yi aiki. Ba gaskiya bane. Abubuwan haɗin gwal suna buƙatar fifita samuwar lokaci mai siffar alpha-Al a cikin wannan yanki na mushy. Na kowa shine A356 da A357 aluminum, amma duk da haka, ƙananan abubuwan ganowa na iya jefar da ilimin halittar jiki. Mun taɓa samun nau'in A356 tare da ɗan ƙaramin abun ciki na baƙin ƙarfe. Dankin slurry duk ba daidai ba ne, yana haifar da mummunan cika sassa na bakin ciki. Karfe dole ya kasance tabo tun daga farko.
Sai kuma tarkon kayan aiki. Wannan ba daidaitaccen simintin gyare-gyare ba ne tare da tweak. Wurin harbi da tsarin fistan suna buƙatar ɗaukar wannan ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, slurry mai lalata ba tare da gabatar da tashin hankali wanda ke lalata tsarin ba. An tsara ƙofofin da masu gudu daban-daban-sau da yawa girma kuma mafi santsi don kula da kwararar laminar. Na tuna wani aikin da muka yi ƙoƙarin daidaita tsohuwar injin simintin ɓangarorin mutu. Sakamakon ya wuce kima a ƙofar, wanda ya lalata tsarin duniya da muka yi aiki tuƙuru don ƙirƙirar, mai da slurry ya koma dendritic, rashin ƙarfi. Wannan darasi ne mai adadi shida na rashin yanke sasanninta.
Harka Mai Aiki: Haɗa Sanduna da Yaƙin Porosity
Bari mu yi magana game da ainihin aikace-aikace: high-yi mota haɗa sanduna. Anan shine Semi-m karfe simintin gyaran kafa ya kamata ya haskaka-ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfi, rayuwa mai kyau gajiya. Mun yi aiki a kan wani samfur gudu don wani motorsport abokin ciniki. Manufar ita ce a maye gurbin jabun sandar ƙarfe da wuta mai sauƙi, jefa aluminum ba tare da sadaukar da amincin ba.
Harbin dozin na farko sun yi kyau. Sassan sun fito tare da matte, ƙasa mai santsi, daidaiton girman yana tsakanin 0.1mm. Amma lokacin da muka duba X-ray, mun sami ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin yankin shank. Ba gas porosity ba, amma shrinkage. Batun? Ko da a cikin ƙasa mai ƙarfi, ciyarwa yana da mahimmanci. Ƙarfafawa yana da ƙarin sarrafawa, amma idan ƙarancin zafin jiki ba cikakke ba ne, har yanzu kuna samun keɓaɓɓen wuraren waha da ke raguwa. Dole ne mu ƙara tashoshi na kwantar da hankali a cikin mutu kuma mu daidaita zafin jiki ta hanyar 15 ° C kawai don jagorantar ingantaccen gaba da kyau. Sati ɗaya ne na gyare-gyare na mintuna, gundumomin harbi, da CT scans.
Wannan yana haɗawa zuwa mafi fa'ida: saka idanu akan tsari. A cikin simintin gyare-gyare na al'ada, kuna lura da zafin jiki da matsa lamba. Anan, kuna buƙatar bayanai akan slurry danko ko ƙaƙƙarfan juzu'i a cikin ainihin-lokaci, wanda yake da wuyar auna kai tsaye akan bene samarwa. Mun ƙare ta amfani da wakili: bayanin martabar ƙarfi akan piston allura. Takamaiman lanƙwasa mai alaƙa da ingancin slurry mai kyau. An yi aikin da ba daidai ba ne, amma ya sami aikin. Wannan shine irin hannun-kan warware matsalar da ba ku taɓa karantawa a cikin takaddun ilimi ba.
Iyakan Abu da Tambayar Alloy
Yayin da aluminium da magnesium ke samun duk hankali, menene game da karafa ko gami na musamman? Matsalolin fasaha suna ninka. Yanayin sarrafawa ya fi girma, kuma sarrafa tsarin slurry mafarki ne mai ban tsoro. Na san ayyukan R&D akan bakin karfe, amma yiwuwar kasuwanci yayi nisa. Wannan shine inda ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwalƙwalwa) ta kasance mai mahimmanci.
Dauki kamfani kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Tare da fiye da shekaru 30 a cikin ƙirar harsashi da simintin saka hannun jari, da injinan CNC, sun ga matakai suna zuwa da tafiya. Ziyartar wurin su a tsingtaocnc.com, kuna samun ma'anar ƙwarewa ta musamman. Suna aiki da simintin ƙarfe, ƙarfe, bakin karfe, da waɗancan gawawwakin gami na musamman kamar cobalt da na tushen nickel. A gare su, yin tsalle-tsalle mai ƙarfi don waɗannan kayan zafi mai zafi zai buƙaci ingantaccen kayan aiki da tushe na abokin ciniki wanda ke son biyan kuɗi mai yawa. Ba abu ne mai yiwuwa ba, amma shari'ar kasuwanci dole ne ta kasance mai ƙarfi-watakila don muhimmin bangaren sararin samaniya inda nauyi da ƙarfi ke da mahimmanci, kuma farashi shine na biyu.
Mahimman hanyoyin su - simintin saka hannun jari, gyare-gyaren harsashi - suna ba da sarƙaƙƙiya mai ban mamaki da gamawa ga waɗanda ke da manyan ayyuka. Wani lokaci, hanyar da aka gwada-da-gaskiya ita ce madaidaiciya. Tura sabon tsari kamar mai ƙarfi zuwa wannan sararin ba kawai kalubalen fasaha ba ne; game da fahimtar dukkan sarkar darajar, daga albarkatun albarkatun kasa zuwa jiyya mai zafi bayan jefar da injina. Haɗe-haɗen tsarin QSY daga yin simintin gyare-gyare zuwa mashin ɗin CNC babbar fa'ida ce ga haɗin gwiwar sashi, amma an kafa ta cikin tsarin da suka ƙware tsawon shekaru da yawa.
Ciwon kan Haɗin kai: Daga Casting zuwa Machining
Wannan babba ce. Sashin simintin simintin gyare-gyare ba koyaushe ake gamawa ba. Yawancin lokaci yana buƙatar machining. Kuma machining halaye na iya zama daban-daban. Kayan yana da yawa, tare da wannan kyakkyawan tsarin globular, amma kayan aiki na iya zama ba zato ba tsammani. Mun gano cewa yayin da machinability na gabaɗaya ya inganta saboda ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfi, mafi wuya, ƙarin tsari iri ɗaya wani lokaci yana haifar da lalata kayan aiki da sauri a wasu ayyuka, kamar hakowa mai zurfi. Ba za ku iya amfani da abinci iri ɗaya kawai da saurin gudu ba kamar na daidaitaccen ɓangaren simintin mutuwa.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa samun machining a cikin gida, ko cikin haɗin gwiwa, ba za a iya sasantawa ba. Madaidaicin martani ya zama gajere. Masu injin ɗin suna buƙatar gaya wa ƙungiyar wasan simintin idan suna ganin kayan aikin da ba a saba gani ba ko kuma al'amuran gamawa, wanda zai iya komawa zuwa ɗan bambanci a cikin shirye-shiryen slurry a ranar. Wannan haɗin kai ne a tsaye-kamar abin da QSY ya gina-wanda ke ba da damar haɓaka aiki na gaske. Tawagar simintin ba wai kawai jefa sassa ne akan bango ba.
Na tuna wani bangaren gearbox da muka samar. Kwanciyar kwanciyar hankali kamar simintin ya yi kyau, amma yayin fuskantar aiki, mun sami ɗan zance. Ya zama ƙaramin rashin daidaituwa a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan juzu'i a cikin ɓangaren (da kyar ake aunawa) ya haifar da ɗan ƙaramin taurin. Gyaran ya dawo a matakin slurry, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen filin zafin jiki. Ba tare da mashin ɗin ya nuna shi nan da nan ba, da mun rubuta shi azaman batun kayan aiki kuma mun rasa tushen dalilin.
To, Yaushe Yana Da Ma'ana?
Bayan duk wannan, shi ne Semi-m karfe simintin gyaran kafa daraja shi? Ba don komai ba. Farashin saitin yana da girma, taga tsari yana da tsauri, kuma yana buƙatar matakin sarrafa tsari wanda yawancin kafuwar ba a samar da su ba. Yana da ƙima mai girma, sassa masu rikitarwa inda fa'idodin-rage nauyi, ƙarfi, da rage kayan aikin injina-kai tsaye suna fassara zuwa aiki ko tanadin farashi a ƙasa.
Yi tunanin abubuwan tsaro na mota (ƙuƙumma, maɗaukaki), ɗakunan kayan aikin wuta na ƙima, ko wasu kayan aikin sararin samaniya. Don babban girma, sassan kayayyaki, daidaitaccen babban matsi mai mutuƙar mutuwa har yanzu sarki ne. Don rikitattun siffofi a cikin superalloys, simintin saka hannun jari na iya zama wanda ba za a iya doke shi ba. Semi-m yana zaune a cikin wani alkuki tsakanin su.
Nan gaba? Ya ta'allaka ne mafi kyau, mai rahusa ainihin lokacin sa ido na slurry da ƙarin ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin gami. Wataƙila sarrafa kansa da AI na iya taimakawa wajen daidaita wannan taga tsari. Amma a yanzu, ya kasance tsarin ƙwararru. Kayan aiki ne mai ƙarfi a cikin akwatin kayan aiki, amma kuna buƙatar sanin daidai lokacin da za ku isa gare shi, kuma kuna buƙatar ƙungiyar da haƙuri don buga ta. Ba batun maye gurbin wasu hanyoyin ba; game da samun wani zaɓi don lokacin da ƙayyadaddun bayanai suka yi tauri. Kuma wani lokacin, mafi wayo motsi shine gane lokacin da ba za a yi amfani da shi ba kwata-kwata, da kuma tsayawa tare da tabbataccen hanyar da ke bayarwa ga abokin ciniki, rana da rana.
