Lokacin da mutane ke magana game da 'nau'ikan mashin ɗin daidai', galibi suna lissafin matakai kamar niƙa, juyawa, niƙa. Wannan ba laifi ba ne, amma ya rasa ma'anar. Gaskiyar labarin shine game da zabar tsarin da ya dace don kayan da ke hannunku da haƙuri akan zane, da kuma yadda waɗannan hanyoyin sau da yawa suyi aiki tare. Na ga zane-zane da yawa waɗanda ke ƙayyadad da ƙarewar ƙasa ta hanyar niƙa kawai, amma ɓangaren lissafi yana sa ƙulla don niƙa kusan ba zai yiwu ba. A nan ne ainihin 'nau'i' ke shiga-ba inji kawai ba, amma jerin da manufar.
Yana farawa da Casting: Gidauniyar Machining
Wannan na iya zama a bayyane, amma ba za ku iya magana game da mashin ɗin daidaitaccen mashin ɗinmu ba tare da farawa da simintin gyare-gyare ba. Mummunan simintin gyare-gyare yana ba da garantin ɓangaren injin da ke cike da ciwon kai. Na yi aiki tare da masu ba da kayayyaki waɗanda ke ɗaukar simintin gyare-gyare da injina azaman duniya daban, kuma sakamakon koyaushe yana da ƙarin farashi da lokaci. Kamfanin da ya sami wannan dama, kamar Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), yana aiki daban. Tare da fiye da shekaru 30 a cikin duka simintin gyare-gyare da machining, sun fahimci cewa kyakkyawan ƙirar harsashi ko zuba jari ba kawai game da siffar ba; yana game da samar da daidaitaccen tushe mai sauti tare da danniya kaɗan. Yin gyare-gyaren wani ɓangare daga simintin saka hannun jari na tushen cobalt shine ƙwarewa daban-daban fiye da farawa tare da kayan aikin da aka ƙera - sigogin injina, sawar kayan aiki, komai yana canzawa.
Hanyarsu tare da kayan kamar ductile baƙin ƙarfe ko 316 bakin karfe shine la'akari da machining daga matakin tsari. Kusurwoyin daftarin, layin raba, duk an sanya su da idon injin. Wannan ba ka'ida ba ce; game da guje wa yanayi ne inda kake ƙoƙarin yanke nauyi akan bangon simintin simintin gyare-gyare, haifar da girgizawa da lalata ƙarshen. Na tuna da aikin gidaje na famfo inda ƙirar farko na simintin gyare-gyaren ke da mahimmancin rufewa a cikin wani wuri wanda kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Sai kawai saboda tushen (wanda yake da kayan aikin haɗin gwiwa kamar yadda zaku samu a tsingtaocnc.com) ya shiga da wuri cewa mun sake tsara ainihin don ba da damar samun damar kayan aiki daidai.
Haɗin kai shine maɓalli. Kwarewarsu a cikin simintin gyare-gyaren harsashi da injinan CNC a ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya yana nufin an haɗa tsarin tsarin. Yin simintin gyare-gyaren ba wai komai ba ne kawai; shine mataki na farko, mai mahimmanci a cikin madaidaicin jerin injina. Wannan yana kawar da yawancin zato da sauye-sauyen zargi da ke faruwa lokacin samowa daga masu siyarwa daban.
CNC Machining: The Workhorse da Nuances
Yanzu, zuwa babban taron. Idan muka ce CNC machining, babban coci ne. Don babban girma, sassa mafi sauƙi daga simintin gyare-gyaren su, cibiyoyin niƙa da yawa suna tafiya zuwa. Amma kalmar 'daidaici' anan dangi ne. Riƙe ± 0.05mm akan madaidaicin karfe abu ɗaya ne; cimma ± 0.005mm akan kujerar bawul don gami na musamman wani dabba ne gaba ɗaya.
Zaɓin tsakanin 3-axis, 4-axis, ko 5-axis ba kawai game da rikitarwa ba ne; shi ne sau da yawa game da rage saitin. Duk lokacin da kuka sake gyara wani bangare, kuna gabatar da kuskuren kuskure. Don hadaddun kayan aikin turbine na simintin saka hannun jari a cikin gami da ke tushen nickel, koyaushe za mu zaɓi injin axis 5 don kammala filaye masu mahimmanci a saiti ɗaya. Kudin sa'a ɗaya ya fi girma, amma daidaiton ɓangaren ƙarshe da daidaito sun fi kyau sosai. Na yi kuskure na ƙoƙarin yin tanadin kuɗi ta hanyar rarraba ayyuka tsakanin injunan axis 3, kuma tarin juriyar juriya ya kasance mafarki mai ban tsoro don gyarawa.
Sannan akwai juyawa. Don sassa masu jujjuyawa daga simintin simintin su ko hannun jarin karfe, juyawa CNC tare da kayan aiki mai rai yana da mahimmanci. Amma daidaitaccen kunna bakin karfe, musamman ma mafi girman maki, rawa ne tsakanin gudu, ciyarwa, da sanyaya. Haɗin da ba daidai ba yana haifar da aiki mai ƙarfi, wanda sannan ya lalata kayan aikin ku kuma ya lalata amincin saman. Yana da ilimin tactile-sauraron yanke, kallon guntu launi da tsari. Babu littafin jagorar da zai iya koyar da hakan sosai.
Ƙarshen Ƙarshe: Inda Madaidaicin Gaskiya Ya Bayyana
Wannan shi ne inda yawancin tattaunawa kan nau'ikan mashin ɗin mashin ɗin ya gagara. Suna ɗaukar niƙa/juyawa azaman ƙarshe. A zahiri, ga sassan da ke buƙatar daidaito na gaske-tunanin nau'ikan nau'ikan ruwa, kujeru masu ɗaukar nauyi, ko saman rufewa-wannan shine matakin ƙarshen-ƙarshe. Nika shine inda sihiri ke faruwa. Amma ko da nika yana da nau'o'insa: niƙa ta sama, niƙan silinda, niƙa marar tsakiya.
Muna da aikin da aka yi don shinge daga karfe mai tauri. Juyawar ya kusance shi, amma dacewa mai ɗaukar nauyi yana buƙatar gamawar Ra 0.2μm da juriyar juzu'i na 'yan microns kawai. Wannan yanki na niƙa cylindrical. Dabarar ita ce jerin: m juya, zafi magani, gama juya, sa'an nan nika. Idan kayi ƙoƙarin niƙa kayan da yawa bayan maganin zafi, kuna haifar da zafi mai yawa kuma kuna haɗarin haɓaka yanayin. Ayyukan daidaitawa ne.
Wani lokaci, ko niƙa bai isa ba. Don filaye masu laushi ko don cire ƙananan kololuwar da aka bari ta hanyar niƙa, honing ko lapping suna shigowa. Waɗannan ba su da yawa a cikin shagunan ayyuka na gaba ɗaya amma suna da mahimmanci a masana'antu kamar wutar lantarki ko sararin samaniya. Na tuna wani bawul da muka yi wanda ya ci gaba da tsayawa bayan nika. Matsalar ta kasance ɗan ƙarami, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan matakin-micron akan saman silinda. Maganinta shine tsari mai sauri. Bai canza girma da yawa ba, amma ya canza yanayin yanayin kawai don cikakken aiki. Wannan ita ce nuance: daidaito ba lamba ba ce kawai; sifa ce da ta dace don aikace-aikacen.
Material shine Dictator
Ba za ku iya raba nau'in mashin ɗin daga kayan ba. Aiki tare da QSYAbubuwan gama gari kamar simintin ƙarfe yana gafartawa; yana yin injina da kyau, yana samar da guntun guntu, kuma yana da kirki ga kayan aiki. Karfe ya fi tauri amma ana iya tsinkaya. Bakin karfe, musamman makin austenitic, yana da ɗanɗano kuma yana da saurin haɓakawa. Kuna buƙatar kayan aiki masu kaifi, ingantattun kusurwoyin rake, da wataƙila wani shafi na daban.
Amma ainihin ƙalubalen shine ƙwarewar su: cobalt-based alloys da nickel. Wadannan abubuwa ne na mafarkin mashin din da bai shirya ba. Suna aiki-tauri da sauri, suna da ƙarfi sosai, kuma yanayin zafin zafin su ba shi da kyau, don haka zafi yana mai da hankali a ƙarshen ƙarshen. Ga waɗannan, komai yana canzawa. Gudun gudu sun yi ƙasa, ciyarwa na iya zama mafi girma don samun ƙarƙashin aikin mai ƙarfi, kuma zaɓin darajar carbide yana da mahimmanci. Mun koyi hanya mai wahala cewa yin amfani da daidaitaccen TiAlN mai rufin ƙarshen niƙa a kan wani ɓangaren Stelite kawai ya haifar da kayan aiki narke da kuma zubar da simintin gyare-gyare. Canjawa zuwa matsayi na musamman tare da babban abun ciki na cobalt da wani nau'in lissafi na daban shine hanya ɗaya tilo. Wannan shine inda ƙwarewar mai siyarwa, kamar shekaru 30 da aka lura dasu Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., ya zama abin gani - wataƙila sun ƙone ta isassun kayan aikin don sanin abin da ke aiki.
Dabarun sanyaya ya zama mahimmanci a nan. Babban matsi, mai sanyaya kayan aiki ta kayan aiki ba abin alatu bane; Wajibi ne a karya guntuwar da ɗaukar zafi. Wani lokaci, don kammala wucewa akan waɗannan superalloys, za mu ma yi amfani da mafi ƙarancin adadin lubrication (MQL) don cimma ingantacciyar ƙasa ba tare da girgiza mai zafi ba. Babu girman-daya-daidai-duk.
Haɗa Shi duka: Tsarin Duniya na Gaskiya
Don haka, menene tsarin aikin injina na yau da kullun yayi kama da hadadden sashi? Bari mu dauki wani hasashe amma ainihin famfo impeller a duplex bakin karfe, zuwa daga wani zuba jari simintin gyaran kafa. Da farko, ana buƙatar auna simintin simintin gyare-gyaren daga ginin. Wataƙila saurin harbi mai fashewa don tsaftace shi. Sa'an nan, yana zuwa CNC lathe don juya baya da baya-wannan yana kafa datum na farko. Bayan haka, an motsa shi zuwa injin axis 4 ko 5. Anan, ana sarrafa ruwan wukake, rigar gaba, da kowace tashar jiragen ruwa. Wannan nauyi ne, yanke yanke, don haka kwanciyar hankali kayan aiki shine maɓalli.
Bayan haka, wataƙila akwai matakin rage damuwa idan injin ɗin ya kasance mai ƙarfi. Sa'an nan kuma, komawa zuwa lathe ko injin niƙa don kammala mahimman abubuwan rufewa da kuma rashin haƙuri na ƙarshe. A ƙarshe, ƙaddamarwa, tsaftacewa, kuma watakila tsarin wucewa don bakin karfe. A cikin wannan duka, dubawa yana tsaka-tsaki-bayan op na farko, bayan roughing, bayan gamawa. Ba za ku iya bincika inganci cikin wani sashi a ƙarshe ba.
Maganar ita ce, 'nau'ikan' na'urori masu dacewa su ne waɗannan matakai, kowanne an zaɓa saboda dalili. kwarara ne. Shagon da ke yin niƙa kawai zai iya samar da wani sashi, amma shagon da ke fahimtar dukkan sarkar, daga hanyar simintin gyare-gyare zuwa ƙarar ƙarshe, kamar haɗaɗɗiyar aiki, yana samar da abin dogaro. Rashin gazawar da na gani sau da yawa yana fitowa ne daga rashin haɗin kai a cikin wannan sarkar-mashin mai turawa yana ciyar da abinci da yawa don ɓata lokaci, lalata ƙasa don mataki na gaba na niƙa, ko tsarin kula da zafi wanda ba a ƙididdige shi ba a cikin alawus ɗin injin.
A ƙarshe, rarraba ta nau'in injin farawa ne. Amma ƙwarewa ta gaskiya ta ta'allaka ne cikin fahimtar yadda waɗannan hanyoyin ke hulɗa, yadda kayan ke ba da umarni ga ƙa'idodinsu, da kuma yadda tushen-kayan aikin simintin gyare-gyare mai kyau- ke sa duk madaidaicin na gaba ba kawai zai yiwu ba, har ma da tattalin arziki. Wannan shine hangen nesa da kuke samu daga kasancewa a cikin shagon, ba kawai karanta kasida ba.
