Lokacin da kuka ji 'nau'ikan sintering,' galibin litattafan karatu suna tsalle kai tsaye zuwa ga bambance-bambancen lokaci mai ƙarfi da yanayin ruwa. Wannan yana da kyau a ka'idar, amma a kan shagon, zaɓin binary yana jin kusan butulci. Ainihin yanke shawara ne messier, kore da gami foda kana makale tare da wannan safe, da part geometry cewa injiniya kawai jefa a kan bango, da kuma akai matsa lamba daga samarwa zuwa buga yawa hari ba tare da hura makamashi kasafin kudin. Na ga juniors da yawa suna daidaitawa akan ɗaukar nau'in 'dama' daga ginshiƙi, kawai sai tanderu ta faɗi wani labari na daban. Bari mu yi magana game da ainihin abin da ke faruwa lokacin da ƙofar tanderu ta rufe.
Ƙaƙƙarfan Jiha Sintering: Dokin Aiki da Boye-shiryensa
Wannan shi ne tsoho, tushe. Kuna ƙarfafa foda a ƙasan wurin narkar da babban abun ciki, dogaro da yaduwar atomic. Don yawancin kayan aikin mu na ferrous a QSY, musamman ma mafi sauƙi sassa sassa daga ƙarfe ko ƙananan ƙarfe foda, wannan shine inda muka fara. Tsarin yana da kama da kai tsaye - tashi sama, riƙe, kwantar da hankali. Amma shaidan yana cikin cikakkun bayanai, musamman sarrafa yanayi. Samun ɗan ƙaramin ɗigo a cikin tanderun injin ku ko hiccup a cikin haɗewar hydrogen/nitrogen ɗin ku, kuma ba kawai kuna kallon iskar iska ba. Kuna canza motsin motsin motsi a cikin sassan wuyan wuyansa tsakanin barbashi, yana haifar da rauni mai rauni da ɓangaren da zai gaza ƙarƙashin injina. Mun koyi wannan ta hanya mai wuya shekaru da suka wuce a kan wani nau'i na kayan aiki. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ya yi kyau akan rahoton, amma sun yi ta zance kuma sun karye yayin aikin hobbing. Mai laifi? Yanayi mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano wanda ya haifar da siriri, fim ɗin oxide na bakin ciki a kan iyakokin hatsi, mara ganuwa zuwa daidaitattun ƙididdigar ƙima.
Adadin dumama wani madaidaicin shiru ne. Launukan littattafan karatu suna santsi. A hakikanin gaskiya, idan kun yi sauri da sauri tare da wasu ƙaƙƙarfan siffofi, za ku iya haifar da damuwa na ciki wanda ke haifar da raguwa na bambanci ko ma dagewa. Ba wai kawai game da kai ga zafin jiki ba; game da yadda za ku isa can. Don hadaddun sifofi muna yin injin bayan-sintering, kamar wasu jikunan bawul ɗin bakin karfe da muke ɗauka, mai sarrafawa, ramp mai matakai da yawa ba za a iya sasantawa ba don kiyaye daidaiton girma don ayyukan CNC na gaba.
Kuma kada mu manta da foda kanta. Zaton 'tsarkake' tsattsauran ra'ayi yana samun blur tare da foda da aka riga aka yi. Ko da abubuwa kamar nickel ko jan karfe a cikin foda na karfe, zaku iya samun matakan ruwa na wucin gadi idan yanayin zafi ya faru. Don haka, kuna burin samun ƙasa mai ƙarfi, amma kuna buƙatar sani kuna iya yin kwarkwasa da wani abu dabam. Wannan yanki mai launin toka ne ke raba girke-girke daga tsari mai ƙarfi.
Liquid Phase Sintering: Inda abubuwa ke da sha'awa (kuma mai ɗaki)
Yanzu wannan shine inda kuke gabatar da ƙwaƙƙwaran ɓangaren ɓangaren narkar da ƙasa. Misalin gargajiya yana ƙara jan ƙarfe zuwa ƙarfe. Tunanin yana da kyau: nau'i na ruwa, jika da m hatsi, kuma ta hanyar capillary mataki da kuma bayani-samarwa, za ka samu da sauri densification. Gaskiya a kan layin samarwa shine ci gaba da yaki da nauyi da lokaci-slumping. Idan juzu'in ƙarar ruwa ya yi yawa ko danko ya yi ƙasa kaɗan, ɓangaren da aka matse a hankali zai iya yin ja ko rasa siffarsa a cikin tanderun. Na tuna wani aiki don ɗaukar nauyi mai yawa inda muke tura abun ciki na jan karfe. Mun sami yawa, to, amma ɓangaren ya fito yana kama da bakin ciki, narkeccen kyandir. Dole ne mu buga baya, mu karɓi ɗan ƙaramin ƙarancin farko daga latsawa, kuma mu yi amfani da madaidaicin bayanin martaba don sarrafa tsawon lokacin lokacin ruwa.
The wetting kwana ne kome. Idan ruwan bai jika daskararrun hatsi yadda ya kamata ba, sai ya zube cikin pores maimakon yaduwa tare da iyakokin hatsi. Kuna ƙare tare da ware, manyan pores da ƙarancin ƙarfi. Wannan ba ma'aunin kimiyya ba ne kawai; oxides na saman ƙasa, ƙananan ƙazanta, da yanayin tanderun sun shafe shi. Ga gami na musamman da muke aiki da su, kamar wasu na tushen nickel, zaɓar madaidaicin taimakon sintering fasaha ce ta mallaka. Yana da ƙasa game da bin littafin jagora da ƙari game da gwaji na maimaitawa, galibi tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da masu samar da foda.
Sannan akwai microstructure. Tare da daidaita yanayin ruwa, sau da yawa ana barin ku tare da tsarin haɗe-haɗe-mƙarƙarar hatsi mai kewaye da wani lokaci daban. Wannan na iya zama mai girma don juriya ko ƙayyadaddun kaddarorin maganadisu, amma yana canzawa sosai yadda injin ɗin ke aiki. Lokacin mu CNC division a Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) yana samun ɓangaren sinteed na ruwa-lokaci, sigogin injina (gudu, abinci, ƙimar kayan aiki) suna buƙatar cikakken bita idan aka kwatanta da wani yanki mai ƙarfi na tushen tushe iri ɗaya. Taurin ba iri ɗaya bane, kuma ƙirar kayan aikin kayan aiki ba su da tabbas idan kun bi shi kamar yanki mai kama da juna.
Sintering-Taimakawa Matsi: Mai Canjin Wasan Yawa
Wani lokaci, sintering na al'ada kawai ba zai kai ku wurin ba, musamman don cike da ƙima ko tare da kayan daɗaɗɗa kamar karafa masu jujjuyawa ko wasu yumbu. A nan ne kuke kawo manyan bindigogi: matsa lamba. Hot Pressing (HP) da Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) suna cikin gasar daban. Ba ma amfani da waɗannan don babban girma, sassa masu rahusa-lokacin zagayowar da farashin kayan aiki haramun ne. Amma don samfuri guda ɗaya ko wani abu mai mahimmanci a cikin gawa ta musamman, kamar hatimin gami na tushen cobalt don matsanancin yanayi, HIP mai ceton rai ne.
Hot Isostatic Dannawa yana da ban sha'awa. Kuna sanya ɓangaren kore a cikin kwandon da aka rufe, fitar da shi, sa'an nan kuma sanya shi zuwa babban zafin jiki da kuma iskar gas (argon, yawanci). Matsin yana rushe pores na ciki daga kowane bangare, yana haifar da yawa kusa-ka'idar. Kama? Tsarin gwangwani wani nau'i ne na fasaha. Duk wani yatsa, kuma iskar gas ya shiga, yana lalata sashin. Kuma canjin juzu'i abu ne mai iya tsinkaya sosai amma ba koyaushe yana da mahimmanci don ramawa a farkon kayan aikin ba. Mun yi amfani da HIP don haɓaka hadaddun kayan aikin simintin saka hannun jari kuma, wanda ke ɓata layi tsakanin simintin gyaran ƙarfe na gargajiya da dabarun ƙarfe na foda.
Ƙuntataccen aiki, bayan farashi, girman sashi ne. An ayyana sararin samaniya ta hanyar diamita da tsayin jirgin HIP ɗin ku. Don abubuwan da suka fi girma, kun dawo don yin kokawa tare da daidaitawa na al'ada da daidaitawa. Kayan aiki ne, mai ƙarfi sosai, amma ba mafita na duniya ba.
Spark Plasma Sintering da Sauran Dabarun Taimakon Filin
Wannan shi ne abubuwan da ke kan iyaka, galibi ana keɓance shi zuwa ɗakunan gwaje-gwaje na R&D ko samarwa mai kyau. Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) ko Fasaha-Taimakawa Sintering Technique (FAST) yana amfani da bugun jini kai tsaye da matsin uniaxial. Babban tallace-tallace shine saurin-sauri mai saurin dumama farashin da gajeren lokacin zama, wanda zai iya hana haɓakar hatsi a zahiri. Yana da haske don kayan nanomaterials ko adana nau'ikan foda na musamman.
Amma daga yanayin samarwa, yana da wayo. Ma'auni shine babban matsala. Yin manyan sifofi masu sarƙaƙƙiya iri ɗaya tare da SPS ƙalubale ne da muke kallo daga gefe. Wani batun kuma shine cewa zagayowar cikin sauri na iya barin saura damuwa ko ƙirƙirar gradients mai yawa idan ƙirar mutuwa da hanyoyin yanzu ba cikakke ba ne. Don kamfani kamar QSY, tare da mai da hankali kan isar da ingantaccen simintin gyare-gyaren simintin gyare-gyare da injuna, muna sa ido kan waɗannan ci gaban sosai. Suna iya dacewa da aikin nan gaba wanda ya haɗa da foda na alloy, amma a yanzu, sun kasance kayan aiki na musamman. Makullin ɗauka shine cewa 'nau'in' na sintering ba zaɓi ba ne kawai; takura ce ta bayyana ta kayan aikin da kuke da ita da kuma girman tsarin tattalin arziki.
Abin da Ba a Kula da shi ba: Sintering a matsayin Sashe na Sarkar, Ba Tsibiri ba
Wannan watakila shine mafi mahimmancin batu daga shekaru 30 a cikin wannan kasuwancin. Ba za ku iya ware matakin karkatarwar ba. Nasararsa ko gazawarsa tana samuwa ne akan abin da ke zuwa gaba da bayansa. Halayen foda (rarraba girman, ilimin halittar jiki, mai mai) saita mataki. Hanyar haɗakarwa (uniaxial, isostatic, gyare-gyaren allura na ƙarfe) yana bayyana ma'aunin kore da tsarin pore da sintering ya yi aiki da su.
Kuma mahimmanci, me ke zuwa bayan? Idan sashin ya tafi kai tsaye zuwa sabis, dole ne sintering ya sadar da kaddarorin ƙarshe. Amma a QSY, yawancin sassanmu da aka sarrafa foda suna fuskantar mahimmancin mashin ɗin CNC. Bangaren da ba shi da kyau yana iya samun ɓoyayyiyar porosity na ƙasa ko taurin da ba ta dace ba, wanda zai haifar da karyewar kayan aiki, ƙarancin ƙarewar ƙasa, da ɓangarorin sassa yayin injina-ɓata duk ƙimar da aka haɗa har zuwa wannan batu. Dole ne a haɓaka bayanan martaba tare da mashin ɗin a hankali. Wani lokaci, yana da kyau a jujjuya zuwa ƙananan ƙananan ƙarancin da ke da ɗaki sosai, a yi amfani da shi, sa'an nan kuma amfani da aiki na biyu kamar ƙananan zafin jiki ko ma jiyya na saman don buga bayanan ƙarshe.
A ƙarshe, tanderun kanta tsarin rayuwa ne. Rubutun mai jujjuyawa yana raguwa a kan lokaci, yana shafar daidaiton thermal. Abubuwan dumama shekaru. Thermocouples suna tafiya. Nau'in 'nau'in' ba na girke-girke ba ne; tsari ne na rayuwa wanda ke buƙatar sa ido da daidaitawa akai-akai. Mafi kyawun ma'aikatan da na sani suna jin daɗin murhunsu - suna sauraron su, suna kallon launin sassan da ke fitowa, kuma suna daidaita hakan tare da bayanan bayanan. Wannan haɗin ilimin kimiyya ne, ƙwarewar kayan aiki, da fahimtar duk sarkar masana'anta wanda ke mai da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai zuwa ingantaccen tsarin samarwa na rana-cikin rana. Yana da ƙasa game da zaɓar nau'in kuma ƙari game da ƙwarewar masu canji a cikin nau'in aikin ku.
