Anthu ambiri akamva 'DIY metal casting' amajambula munthu ali m'garaja akusungunuka zitini za soda mung'anjo yopangira tokha. Ndilo mtundu wachikondi, ndipo moona mtima, ndipamene anthu ambiri amayambira - inenso ndinatero. Koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa izo ndikupanga gawo logwira ntchito, lolondola kwambiri lomwe silimang'ambika kapena kukhala ndi porosity yobisika. Luso lenileni sikungotengera madzi achitsulo; ndi kulamulira zonse zomwe zimachitika kale ndi pambuyo pa mphindi imeneyo. Maphunziro ambiri a pa intaneti amadumpha magawo olimba: kapangidwe kake, kachitidwe ka mageti, kasamalidwe ka kuchepa, ndi chithandizo cha kutentha. Zimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke ngati ntchito ya kumapeto kwa sabata, koma kuti mupeze zotsatira zokhazikika, muyenera kuganiza ngati maziko, ngakhale pang'ono.
Maziko: Zimayamba (Ndipo Nthawi zambiri Zimalephera) Ndi Chitsanzo
Kujambula kwanu kumangofanana ndi chitsanzo chanu. Pakuponya mchenga, izi zikutanthauza kumvetsetsa kulemba, kumaliza koyenera, ndi kukhazikika kwazinthu. Ndataya maola ochulukirapo kuposa momwe ndimafunira kuvomereza kuti ndikujambula zojambulazo kuchokera kumitengo, koma kuti zisunthike ndi chinyezi kapena kumangika mumchenga mopanda chiyembekezo panthawi yokweza. Chithovu cha polystyrene choponyera chithovu chotayika chimawoneka ngati njira yachidule, koma kuwongolera kutentha ndi kuwonongeka kwa gasi ndi sayansi ina yonse. Chitsanzo ndiye pulani, ndipo ngati yazimitsidwa, chilichonse chakumunsi chidzakhalanso. Apa ndipamene mumazindikira chifukwa chake zovala zaukatswiri zimakonda Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. gwiritsani ntchito njira zamakina kapena njira zapamwamba zopangira nkhungu zawo chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera ndi kuponya ndalama ntchito-kulondola pa siteji iyi kumathetsa dziko la zowawa pambuyo pake.
Kusankha kwazinthu pamapangidwe ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kwa bulaketi yosavuta, paini ikhoza kugwira ntchito. Pachinthu chodziwika bwino kapena chofuna kuthiridwa kangapo, matabwa olimba kwambiri, utomoni wa urethane, kapena chitsulo ndikofunikira. Kuchulukitsa kwamafuta azinthu zanu kumatha kukhudza kukula kwa nkhungu, makamaka mumchenga womangidwa ndi utomoni. Ndi tsatanetsatane ambiri hobbyists konse kuganizira mpaka kupeza gawo kuti ndi mamilimita ochepa undersized ndi kudabwa chifukwa.
Ndiye pali njira yolowera ndi yokwera. Iyi si njira yokha yachitsulo; ndi network ya hydraulic ndi thermal control network. Kuthira zitsulo sikufanana ndi kuthira madzi. Zimazizira, zimachepa, zimatchera mpweya. Ndinaphunzira izi movutikira ndi zida zazing'ono za aluminiyamu. Ndinapanga chitsanzo chokongola, ndinalongedza nkhungu yobiriwira, ndikutsanulira. Giyayo inkawoneka bwino kwambiri ... mpaka ndidapanga makina pamwamba ndikupeza chibowo chachikulu chopumira muzu wa dzino. Chitsulocho chinalimba kuchokera kunja mkati, ndi malo omalizira olimba—malo otentha kwambiri—analibe nkhokwe yachitsulo yamadzimadzi kuti adyetse. Ndi zomwe okwera amapangira. Kuzipanga moyenera kumafuna kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe olimba a aloyi anu enieni, zomwe zimachokera ku zomwe zachitika kapena kuphunzira mozama.
The Crucible of Melting: Aloyi, Kutentha, ndi Atmosphere
Kusungunuka ndi gawo lochititsa chidwi, koma ndichinyengo chosavuta kuchita cholakwika. Aluminiyamu si chinthu chimodzi chokha. Kodi mukusungunula 6061 extrusions? 300-series soda zitini? Amakhala ndi silicon ndi ma magnesium osiyanasiyana, omwe amakhudza kwambiri madzi, kuchepa, komanso mphamvu zomaliza. Nthawi ina ndinayesera kuponya chogwirira kuchokera ku zitini zosungunuka. Chotsatira chake chinali chosalimba, chodzaza ndi ma oxides, ndipo sachedwa kung'ambika kotentha. Mulingo wosadetsedwa mu aluminiyamu yachiwiri ndiwokwera, ndipo popanda kutulutsa mpweya komanso kusinthasintha koyenera, mukungoponya mavuto m'gawolo.
Kuwongolera kutentha ndikofunikira. Kuzizira kwambiri, ndipo chitsulo sichidzadzaza zigawo zoonda. Kutentha kwambiri, ndipo mumawonjezera kuyamwa kwa gasi, makutidwe ndi okosijeni, komanso chiopsezo chowotcha nkhungu yamchenga (mumchenga wobiriwira). Pirometer siingathe kugonja pa chilichonse chopitilira kutsanulira kofunikira. Kwa zitsulo ngati chitsulo chosungunuka kapena ma aloyi apadera (ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt, ma aloyi opangidwa ndi nickel, etc.) kuti makampani ngati QSY chogwirira, kuwongolera mlengalenga kumakhala kofunika kwambiri kuti tipewe makutidwe ndi okosijeni komanso kutayika kwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Kukhazikitsa kwawo kwa mafakitale okhala ndi ng'anjo zolowera ndi malo oyendetsedwa ndikutali kwa zaka zopepuka kuchokera ku crucible yowotchedwa ndi makala, ndipo pazifukwa zomveka.
Kutsanulira komweko ndi mphindi ya chowonadi. Iyenera kukhala yachangu mokwanira kuti ipewe kuzizira msanga koma yosalala komanso yopanda chipwirikiti kuti isatseke mpweya ndi slag. Ndawonapo madontho ambiri akuwonongeka ndi kuthiridwa kosauka kuposa kusungunuka koyipa. Maganizo amasintha kuchoka kutsanulira zitsulo kupita kudzaza nkhungu molamulidwa. Ndi kusiyana kobisika koma kofunikira.
Zida Zamkungwi: Zoposa Dothi Lokha
Greensand ndiye mankhwala achipata. Ndizotsika mtengo, zogwiritsidwanso ntchito, komanso zokhululuka. Koma mphamvu zake ndi mawonekedwe amafuta amachepetsa mwatsatanetsatane komanso kulondola kwake komwe mungathe kukwaniritsa. Pazinthu zabwino kwambiri, mumasamukira ku mchenga womangidwa ndi utomoni (monga furan kapena phenolic), kapena kudera la ceramic. Kuponya nkhungu ya zipolopolo, ndondomeko yapakati ya QSY, imagwiritsa ntchito mchenga wopangidwa ndi utomoni womwe umapanga chipolopolo chopyapyala, cholimba kuzungulira chitsanzocho. Zimapereka kutsirizika kwapamwamba kwambiri komanso kulondola kowoneka bwino, koyenera kupanga magawo ang'onoang'ono apamwamba kwambiri. Kuyesera kubwereza zomwe kunyumba ndizovuta-kuchita ndi chitsanzo chotentha, kusakaniza kwa mchenga wa mchenga, ndi ng'anjo yochiritsa kumafuna kukhazikitsidwa kodzipereka.
Investment casting (wotaika-sera) ndiye mfumu yatsatanetsatane. Mutha kujambula zojambula ndi ma undercuts omwe sizingatheke ndi mchenga. Mtundu wa DIY umagwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza za pulasitala-silica pazachuma. Nsomba? Kusamalira kukulitsa ndi kutsika kwa phula ndi chipolopolo cha ceramic panthawi ya dewaxing ndi kuwombera. Ngati sizikufanana, chipolopolo chimasweka. Kenaka, panthawi yothira, chitsulo chotentha chimagunda chipolopolo chozizira cha ceramic, chomwe chingayambitse kutentha kwa kutentha. Kutenthetsa nkhungu n'kofunikira, koma kutentha kwambiri popanda kusweka ndikosavuta. Ndi njira yothanirana ndi kupsinjika pa sitepe iliyonse.
Zovala zotchinga za ng'anjo ndi crucibles ndizobowo zawo za kalulu. Dongo lotsika mtengo la graphite crucible lidzasokoneza mofulumira ndi ma alloys ena, kuwononga kusungunuka kwanu. Kuyika ng'anjo yopangira kunyumba ndi kusakaniza kolakwika kokanira kungayambitse kulephera koopsa - ndakhala ndifewetsa ndi kugwa panthawi yosungunuka, zomwe ndi zoopsa monga zimamvekera. The zinthu sayansi kumbuyo nkhungu ndi refractory TV ndi mwambo palokha.
Zinthu Zikasokonekera: Zoona Zenizeni Zowonongeka
Kuchepa kwa porosity, mabowo a gasi, kutsekera kozizira, kuphatikizika, kuthamangitsidwa, misozi yotentha - mawu oti kulephera ndi ochulukirapo. Chilema chilichonse chimafotokoza nkhani ya zomwe zidalakwika panthawiyi. Bowo lonyezimira, lozungulira mkati mwa gawolo? Ndiwo mphamvu ya mpweya, mwina kuchokera ku chinyezi mu nkhungu kapena hydrogen wosungunuka mu sungunuka. Bowo losakhazikika, la sponji? Ndiko kuchepa, vuto la chakudya. Msoko wowoneka pamwamba pomwe mbali ziwiri zachitsulo zidakumana koma osalumikizana? Ndiko kutseka kozizira, kutanthauza kuti chitsulocho chinali chozizira kwambiri kapena kutsanulira kunali kochedwa kwambiri.
Kuthetsa vutoli ndi pamene chiphunzitso chimakumana ndi zochitika. Zimakukakamizani kuti mufufuze zosinthika zilizonse: chinyezi chamchenga, kuuma kwa nkhungu, kutentha kwakuthira, kapangidwe ka aloyi, kapangidwe kake. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala yankho limodzi. Mwachitsanzo, zotsekera zoziziritsa kuzizira zimatha kukhazikitsidwa powonjezera kutentha, koma izi zitha kuyambitsa zovuta zamagesi. Chifukwa chake mwina muyenera kukonzanso zipata kuti zikhale zazikulu kapena kusintha malo awo kuti zithandizire kuyenda kwachitsulo. Izi zobwerezabwereza, zothetsa mavuto ndiye mtima weniweni wa DIY metal casting. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndondomekoyi imakhala yoledzera komanso yokhumudwitsa kwambiri. Inu simukungopanga gawo; mukupanga makina osakhalitsa, otayika (chikombole) kuti mupange.
Uku ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zomwe amakonda kuchita nthawi imodzi ndi kupanga mafakitale. Kampani ngati Mtengo wa QSY, ndi zaka zambiri kupopera ndi makina, yawona cholakwika chilichonse ndipo ili ndi njira zofananira, kuwunika kwabwino, ndikuyika pambuyo pake CNC makina kukonza zopotoka zazing'ono kapena kuwonjezera kulondola. Ntchito yawo ndi chitsulo, chitsulo, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri imawonjezera zovuta zokhudzana ndi malo osungunuka, madzimadzi, ndi kuchepa kwa mitengo yomwe DIYers ambiri sangakhudze.
Kugaya Pambuyo Poyimba: Kumaliza ndi Gawo la Njirayi
Kuponyedwa kumatuluka mu nkhungu, ndipo ntchitoyo yatha. Muli ndi sprues, zipata, ndi zokwera kuti mudule. Ndiye pali akupera, mchenga, ndi mwina kutentha mankhwala. Kudula zipata ndi chopukusira m'makona ndikosavuta, koma muyenera kusamala kuti musawotche gawolo kapena kupanga kutentha kokwanira kuti musinthe mawonekedwe a microstructure, makamaka muzitsulo kapena ma aloyi omwe amaumitsa mpweya.
Chithandizo cha kutentha ndi luso lakuda kwa osadziwika. Ma aluminiyamu aloyi ngati A356 amafunikira njira yothetsera kutentha ndi kukalamba (T6 temper) kuti akwaniritse mphamvu zawo zonse. Kwa chitsulo, mungafunikire kusintha, kusungunula, kuzimitsa, ndi kupsya mtima. Kulakwitsa uku kungapangitse kuponya kowoneka bwino kukhala kosavuta kapena kofewa kwambiri. Zimafunika ng'anjo yoyendetsedwa ndi chidziwitso chazithunzi za nthawi-kutentha-kusintha (TTT) kwa aloyi yanu yeniyeni. Ma projekiti ambiri a DIY amayima pamalo a as-cast, omwe mbali zambiri amakhala abwino koma osakwanira.
Pomaliza, pali makina. Ochepa ochepa amakhala owoneka ngati ukonde. Pangafunikire kutembenuza, mabowo angafunikire kubowola ndi kubowoleza, kapena nkhope yokwera ingafunikire kupukuta. Apa ndipamene kuphatikizika kwa kuponyera ndi kukonza makina, monga zikuwonekera pa malo operekera chithandizo chonse (mutha kuwona zitsanzo za njira yawo yophatikizira pa. https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), ndi wamphamvu kwambiri. Amatha kupanga gawolo ndi malingaliro opangira makina kuyambira koyambira, kuyiponya, kenako ndikuimaliza kuti ikhale yololera m'nyumba. Kwa DIY caster, izi nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kulowera kwachiwiri, mozama mozama mumanja kapena CNC Machining kuti kuponyako kugwiritsidwe ntchito.
Choncho, DIY metal casting ndi chipata. Zimayamba ndi chitsulo chosungunuka, koma mukamamatira, zimakukokerani mu sayansi yazinthu, mphamvu zamadzimadzi, thermodynamics, ndi makina opanga makina. Zimakuchepetsani ndi zolephera ndikukupatsirani kukhutitsidwa kwakukulu pokhala ndi chinthu chovuta, cholimba chachitsulo chomwe mudachipanga kuchokera ku zipangizo ndi chidziwitso. Kusiyana pakati pa kutsanulira kuseri kwa nyumba ndi kuponyedwa kwa mafakitale sikungokulirakulira; ndi kupitiriza kwa ulamuliro, kumvetsetsa, ndi kukonzanso. Ndipo ndicho chovuta chenicheni—ndi chisangalalo chenicheni—chonsecho.
