Anthu ambiri akamva 'zigawo zamakina', amajambula zidebe zamtundu uliwonse kapena ulalo wa njanji. Ndiko kulakwitsa koyamba. Zowonadi, ndi dziko lomwe limatanthauzidwa ndi zosawoneka: kulolerana pa doko la hydraulic valve block, kamangidwe kake kachitsulo kamene kakupangidwira pansi pa kupsinjika maganizo, kapena momwe kusintha kwa alloy kumawoneka ngati kakang'ono m'nyumba ya mpope kungatanthauze kusiyana pakati pa makina omwe akuyenda kwa nyengo kapena zaka khumi. Sikuti kungochotsa zomwe zasweka; Ndiko kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake idasweka ndi zomwe mukubwezeretsanso mu dongosolo lomwe limapirira kugwedezeka, kukhudzidwa, ndi kukakamiza mainjiniya ambiri amangotengera. Ndawonapo mapulojekiti ambiri akungoyang'ana pa chitsanzo cha CAD, ndikuiwala kuti mayesero enieni a gawolo amayamba pamene injini ikutembenukira pamatope, malo opendekeka.
Maziko: Zimayamba ndi Kuponya
Simungathe kupanga gawo labwino kuchokera pakuponya koyipa. Ndi zophweka choncho. M'mbuyomu, ndidaphunzira izi movutirapo popeza mabulaketi opondereza kuchokera kwa ogulitsa omwe adalonjeza dziko lonse lapansi kulondola kwenikweni koma osatsata kuwongolera. Zigawozo zidapangidwa bwino, zikuwoneka bwino. Koma m’miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ya ma cranes, ming’alu ya tsitsi inawonekera pafupi ndi malo okwera. Kusanthula kulephera kunawonetsa kuphatikizika kwa mchenga ndi kuzizira kosagwirizana mu nkhungu-zowonongeka zokwiriridwa pansi. Ndipamene mumazindikira kuti moyo wa gawolo umayikidwa kalekale kuti CNC spindle iyambe. Njira yopangira zida si chinthu chamtengo wapatali; ndi ma genetic code of the component.
Apa ndipamene ukatswiri wa maziko amafunikira kwambiri. Tengani kampani ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd.. Ndi zaka zoposa 30 akuponya ndi Machining, maganizo awo pa chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera ndi kuponya ndalama pazigawo zovuta, zowona mtima kwambiri ndiye gawo lomwe limafunikira pamakina. Kumangirira zipolopolo kumakupatsani kutha kwapamwamba komanso kukhazikika kwazinthu monga ma giya ovuta kapena matupi a valve, pomwe malo osindikizira ndi ofunikira. Kuyika ndalama, kumbali ina, ndi kwa ma geometri ovuta kwambiri, okhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala omwe mumapeza muzinthu zamafuta kapena maulalo ang'onoang'ono. Iwo sali chabe kuthira zitsulo; iwo akulamulira chilengedwe chimene chimalimba.
Kusankha zinthu apa ndi gawo lina la chiweruzo. Sizitsulo chabe. Kwa adaputala a chidebe chovala kwambiri, mutha kupita ku chitsulo cholimba cha alloy. Pachinthu chomwe chili pamalo onjenjemera kwambiri, okwera kwambiri ngati bulaketi ya mafungulo okumba, mungafunike chitsulo cholimba, chotsika kwambiri chokhala ndi ma Charpy. Ndipo m'malo ovuta kwambiri - ganizirani zigawo zomwe zili pafupi ndi utsi wa injini ya dizilo kapena pampopi ya slurry - ndipamene ma alloys apadera amalowa. Mtengo wa QSY mndandanda zopangidwa ndi cobalt ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi nickel, zomwe zimandiuza kuti ali ndi zida zogwirira ntchito zovuta, monga kupanga mbale zovala zophwanyira kapena nsalu zosagwira kutentha. Kusankha zinthu zoyenera si maphunziro; ndi kuwerengera mtengo wa ola lililonse.
Kudula Kwambiri: Kumene Machining Akunena Zoona
Apa ndipamene pulaniyo imakumana ndi chitsulo, ndipo nthawi zambiri, pomwe malingaliro amagwa. Kuponyedwa kwangwiro kumatha kuonongeka ndi makina osauka. Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yomwe inali ndi mphete yophedwa ya crane yayikulu yokwawa. Misewu yonyamulirayo inkafunika kutsirizitsa kalilole ndi kulondola kwa ma micro-geometry mkati mwa ma microns. Sitolo yoyamba yomwe tidayesa inali ndi kukula koyenera CNC makina malo, koma njira zawo zogwirira ntchito ndi njira zopangira zida zidayambitsa kugwedezeka kwa ma harmonic. Mapetowo amawoneka bwino m'maso, koma pansi pa profilometer, adawonetsa nsonga ndi zigwa zomwe zingayambitse kuphulika msanga. Tinayenera kuchotsa gulu lonse.
Kodi tikuphunzirapo chiyani? Machining kwa zida zamakina omanga sizokhudza kupanga tchipisi; ndi za kuwongolera kupsinjika ndi kusunga umphumphu. Mabala osokonekera kwambiri pazitsulo zosiyanitsira chitsulo cha ductile amafunikira ma geometries, zokutira, ndi njira zoziziritsira kusiyana ndi kumaliza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha hydraulic manifold. Kusasunthika ndi chilichonse - osati chida cha makina okha, koma dongosolo lonse: choyikapo, chogwirizira, choyikapo. Sitolo yomwe imamvetsetsa izi nthawi zambiri imalankhula za machitidwe awo motsatana, momwe amavutikira, kumaliza, ndikumaliza, kulola kuti zinthuzo zipumule pakati pa maopaleshoni kuti zisatseke kupsinjika kwa makina.
Njira yophatikizikayi ndi yomwe imalekanitsa wogulitsa magawo ndi wopereka mayankho. Kuyendera tsamba la malo, monga https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, mumayang'ana zowunikira za kuphatikiza uku. Kodi amawonetsa luso lojambula ndi kupanga pansi pa denga limodzi? Kwa magawo ovuta, kupitilira uku ndi mwayi waukulu. Zikutanthauza kuti gulu lopanga makina limadziwa mawonekedwe ake azomwe akusowekapo zomwe amalandira - malo olimba omwe angakhalepo, ndalama zocheperako. Atha kusintha mapulogalamu awo a CNC molingana kuyambira pachiyambi, m'malo mozindikira zovuta zapakati. Imachepetsa nthawi yotsogolera, koma chofunika kwambiri, imapangitsa kuti anthu aziwoneka bwino komanso osasinthasintha, omwe ndi golide pamene mukuchita ndi woyang'anira zombo zomwe zimayenera kudziwa ndendende gawo lomwe likupita ku $ 800,000 yake yofukula.
Kuyesa Kweniyeni: Kusanthula Kulephera ndi Kubwerezabwereza
Palibe aliyense mubizinesi iyi yemwe amapeza zonse moyenera nthawi yoyamba. Ukadaulo weniweni umapangidwa mu labotale yowunikira kulephera komanso pafoni ndi woyang'anira malo okhumudwa. Mlandu umodzi womwe umabwera m'maganizo unali kulephera kwanthawi yayitali pamagalimoto omaliza onyamula ma wheel. Ziwalozo zidakumana ndi zida zonse zoyambira (chitsulo chodziwika bwino cha kaboni), koma zimameta ubweya pansi pa torque yayikulu, yolowera mbali zambiri. Kukonza sikunali gawo lolemera kwambiri; kunali kukonzanso. Tidasinthira ku aloyi yapamwamba kwambiri, tidasintha kutentha kwake kukhala njira yoziziritsira komanso kupsya mtima kuti tilimbane bwino, ndikuwonjezera utali wozungulira pang'ono pakona yakuthwa kale pa spline. Gulu lotsatira lidapitilira nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito makina.
Ndondomekoyi ndi yobwerezabwereza komanso yogwirizana kwambiri. Zimafuna kuti opanga magawo akhale ochulukirapo kuposa oyitanitsa. Amafunikira chidziwitso chazitsulo kuti apereke malingaliro azinthu zina kapena chithandizo chamankhwala, ndi chithandizo cha uinjiniya kuti asinthe mapangidwe apangidwe ndi kulimba. Kodi atha kupanga finite element analysis (FEA) yofananira pakusintha komwe akufuna? Kodi amatha kuyesa kuuma, kusanthula ma microstructure, kapena kusanthula kwazithunzi kuti atsimikizire kuti zidapangidwa? Izi ndizomwe zimatha kuseri kwazithunzi zomwe zimatembenuza gawo kuti likhale lolimba komanso lodalirika.
Zimakukakamizaninso kuganiza mu machitidwe. Pini ikhoza kulephera osati chifukwa cha piniyo, koma chifukwa tchire lomwe limazunguliramo lavala mozungulira, ndikupanga mphindi yopindika yomwe sinapangidwe. Chifukwa chake mukafuna chosinthira, mungafunike kuyang'ana mavalidwe oyandikana nawo ngati zida. Kawonedwe kadongosolo kameneka kamalepheretsa kubwezeredwa kwa mtengo wapatali kwa kulephera mobwerezabwereza ndipo kumapangitsa kuti anthu azikhulupirirana. Ichi ndichifukwa chake maubwenzi anthawi yayitali ndi ogulitsa omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chakuya, monga omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri kupopera ndi makina, ndi zamtengo wapatali. Adaziwonapo kale njira zolepherekazi ndipo ali ndi laibulale ya mayankho othandiza, osati ongoganiza chabe.
Sourcing ndi Supply Chain Reality
Tiyeni tikambirane za kayendetsedwe ka chuma ndi zachuma, chifukwa ndi kumene ma projekiti amakhala kapena kufa. Gawo loyenera - lopangidwa bwino, lopangidwa mwaluso, lochokera ku aloyi yabwino - silingagwire ntchito ngati lifika mochedwa milungu itatu ku malo amigodi ku Australia, ndikugwira ntchito ya $ 200,000 patsiku. Kupeza zida zamakina omanga ndi kulinganiza kosalekeza pakati pa khalidwe, mtengo, ndi nthawi yotsogolera. Ndipo mtengo apa ndi mtengo wokwanira: mtengo wagawo, katundu, mtengo wosungira katundu, ndi mtengo wokulirapo wa nthawi yopuma.
Apa ndipamene magulu amitundu ndi luso amafunikira. Dera lomwe lili ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zachilengedwe, nyumba zopangira, ndi malo ogulitsa makina, monga awa Mtengo wa QSY imagwira ntchito mkati, imapanga zoyenerera. Amakhala ndi mwayi wofikira kwa ogulitsa zinthu, zopangira kutentha, komanso akatswiri opaka pamwamba. Netiweki iyi imathandizira nthawi yotsogolera ndikuwongolera kuthetsa mavuto. Ndidakhalapo ndi vuto lodziwika bwino, ndipo chifukwa malo oyambira ndi makina opangira makina anali m'malo ogulitsa mafakitale omwewo, mainjiniya ochokera mbali zonse adakumana masana omwewo pa benchi yoyendera kuti apeze yankho. Mumataya lusolo ndi chain yogawika, yongotengerako.
Malo ogulitsa digito monga tsamba la kampaniyo tsopano ndi malo oyamba kukhudzana. Koma wogula savvy amayang'ana kupitirira zithunzi zonyezimira. Mumayang'ana mapepala aukadaulo, zitsimikizo zakuthupi (monga Malipoti Oyeserera a Mill), ndi umboni wamakina oyang'anira (ISO 9001, IATF 16949, ndi zina zotero). Mumayang'ana ngati alemba makina enieni - mitundu ina ya CNC ndi yofanana ndi yolondola kwambiri. Kufotokozera kwa Mtengo wa QSY kutchula ntchito yawo ndi ma aloyi apadera ndi mbiri yakale ndi mtundu wa chizindikiro chomwe chimayambitsa kukambirana mozama, osati kungopempha mawu pa chojambula. Zimandiuza kuti ali ndi zida zovuta, zotsika kwambiri, zamtengo wapatali osati zinthu zamtengo wapatali.
Kuyang'ana M'tsogolo: Chisinthiko Chokhazikika
Tsogolo la magawowa siliri muzinthu zatsopano zatsopano (ngakhale zophatikizika zikulowamo), koma pakupanga mwanzeru ndi kuphatikiza. Tikuwona kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa ma doko ophatikizidwa a sensor mu zigawo zowunikira momwe zinthu ziliri. Tangoganizani mbiya ya silinda ya hydraulic yokhala ndi doko lopangidwa ndi makina osinthira kuthamanga, kapena nyumba ya gearbox yopangidwa ndi phiri lophatikizika la sensor yogwedezeka. Gawoli limakhala node ya data. Izi zimafuna mgwirizano wapafupi kwambiri pakati pa gulu lopanga la OEM ndi gulu lopanga magawo kuchokera pamalingaliro oyamba.
Kupanga kowonjezera (kusindikiza kwa 3D) kwa zitsulo kwayambanso kugwira ntchito, osati pa nsapato zopangidwa mochuluka, koma kwa zida zamtundu umodzi, zovuta, zotsika kwambiri, ma jigs, kapena zida zofananira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina omwe amasonkhana. Ndi chida china. Chofunikira, komabe, chikhalabe chochepetsera mtsogolo momwe zikuwonekera. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa kuchotsedwa kwa zitsulo ndi kukhulupirika kwapangidwe kofunikira pa 40-ton excavator's boom pivot point kumafunikirabe chipika chachikulu chachitsulo chopukutira ndi mphero ya 5-axis, osati chosindikizira.
Kotero, pamene inu muwiritsa izo zonse pansi, kuchita nazo zida zamakina omanga ndi mchitidwe mu physics yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ntchito zachuma. Ndi za kulemekeza unyolo wonse, kuyambira chitsulo chosungunula mpaka kuwunika komaliza komaliza, ndikuyanjana ndi opanga zinthu omwe amadziona ngati mainjiniya, osati ogwira ntchito m'mashopu okha. Cholinga chimakhala chofanana nthawi zonse: kuti gawolo lizimiririka. Osati m’lingaliro lenileni, koma m’lingaliro lakuti imagwira ntchito yake modalirika, pansi pa mikhalidwe yankhanza yoteroyo, kotero kuti woyendetsa makina safunikira kulingalirapo za izo. Ndipo izi zimangochitika pamene ulalo uliwonse mu unyolo wa chilengedwe chake wapangidwa ndi cholinga chomwecho.
