Penyani, kuponyera mchenga wa mphamvu yokoka. Zikumveka zolunjika, chabwino? Thirani chitsulo chosungunula mu nkhungu yamchenga, lolani mphamvu yokoka ichite chinthu chake, kuswa gawolo. Ndamva mtundu wosavutawu nthawi chikwi, ndipo ndizomwe zimatsogolera ku malingaliro olakwika oyamba: kuti ndi njira yotsika mtengo, yotsika mtengo yamawonekedwe osavuta. Chowonadi, nuance, ndipamene luso lenileni lili. Sikuti amangopanga mawonekedwe; ndi za kulamulira kulimba mumchenga umenewo, kuyang'anira kutentha kwa kutentha kupyolera muzinthu zomwe ziri dothi kwenikweni, ndi kuyembekezera momwe chitsulocho chidzachitira pamene chikukokera pansi ndi kulemera kwake. Ndilo kusiyana pakati pa kuponyedwa kogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mulu wa zidutswa. Ndawonapo masitolo akugwedezeka chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake ndikugwedezeka ndi zovuta za porosity kapena miyeso yosagwirizana, zonse chifukwa amawona mchenga ngati chidebe, osati gawo lovuta kwambiri la matenthedwe.
Mchenga Si Mchenga Wokha
Izi mwina ndiye mbali yonyalanyaza kwambiri. Pamene tikukamba za kuponyera mchenga wa mphamvu yokoka nkhungu, sitikulankhula za mchenga wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ndi dongosolo lopangidwa. Chomangira - kaya ndi mchenga wobiriwira (womangidwa ndi dongo), womangidwa ndi utomoni, kapena china chake - amasinthiratu masewerawo. Mchenga wobiriwira uli ndi pulasitiki, yomwe imapatsa chidwi kwambiri ma geometries ena ndipo imalola kugwedezeka kwabwino. Koma chinyezi okhutira? Zowopsa kuti musamasinthe nyengo yachinyezi. Kusintha kwa gawo limodzi kapena awiri kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa gasi, kuphulika kwa pinhole pansi pa khungu la kuponyedwa komwe mumangopeza mukamakonza. Ndikukumbukira gulu la mabakiteriya achitsulo omwe tidachita; Kumwamba kumawoneka bwino, koma shopu yopangira makina idatiyitananso ndi zithunzi za maenje ang'onoang'ono pamalo owonekera. Wolakwa? Chinyezi chokwera usiku womwe tidapanga gawolo. Mchengawo unatenga chinyezi chowonjezera, chomwe chinasanduka nthunzi nthawi yomweyo chitsulocho chinagunda.
Ndiye muli ndi mchenga womangidwa ndi utomoni, monga furan kapena phenolic-urethane. Kukhazikika kowoneka bwino komanso kumaliza kwapamwamba, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma cores ovuta kwambiri kuponyera mchenga wa mphamvu yokoka. Koma malondawo ndi fungo, mtengo wake, ndi mfundo yakuti mchengawo umakhala wonyansa umene umakhala wovuta kuutenganso. Mukugula mchenga watsopano nthawi zambiri. Ndipo mapangidwe a gating ayenera kukhala pomwepo. Ndi mchenga wobiriwira, pali mwayi woti mpweya utuluke. Ndi zina mwazinthu zolimba za utomonizi, ngati zolowera zanu sizili bwino, mukutchera mpweya ndikupanga kuwomba. Ndizosasinthasintha pakati pa katundu, mtengo, ndi zofunikira za gawo lomaliza.
Ndipo kupanga koyambira ndi chilengedwe chake chomwe. Kwa ndime zamkati mu thupi la valavu kapena chipika cha injini, mumagwetsa phata la mchenga mu nkhungu. Pakatikati pake iyenera kukhala yolimba mokwanira kuti igwirizane ndi kukakamiza kwachitsulo chosungunuka popanda kutsukidwa, komanso kugwedezeka mokwanira kulola kuti kuponyedwa kuchepe popanda kupanga misozi yotentha. Kupeza chophika chamchenga wapakati - kuphatikiza kwa mchenga, binder, ndi zowonjezera - ndi alchemy. Ndawonapo ma cores omwe anali amphamvu kwambiri akuphwanyira kuponyedwa komwe kumakhazikika ndikukhazikika mozungulira mawonekedwe amkati osagonja. Nthawi zina, pachimake chimafewetsa molawirira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa chitsulo kulowa ndikupanga zipsepse m'malo omwe simungathe kuyeretsa. Sizimangopanga mawonekedwe a mchenga.
Kupeza, Kudyetsa, ndi Fizikisi ya Flow
Dongosolo lotsegulira ndi mipope yachitsulo chosungunuka. Zikuwoneka ngati tsatanetsatane wachiwiri, koma ndizoyambira. Mu kuponyera mchenga wa mphamvu yokoka, mulibe kukakamiza kwambiri kudyetsa zitsulo. Mukudalira mutu wa hydraulic - kutalika kwa chitsulo mu sprue - kupereka chitsenderezo cha kudzaza chibowo. Ngati sprue wanu ndi wamfupi kwambiri, simungathe kudzaza magawo owonda. Utali kwambiri, ndipo umakhala ndi chipwirikiti chochuluka, chomwe chimayambitsa ma oxide inclusions ndi mpweya mumtsinje. Cholinga chake ndikuyenda kwa laminar. Mukufuna kuti zitsulo zidzaze nkhungu mwakachetechete, ngati kuthira madzi, osati ngati mathithi.
Tinaphunzira izi movutikira pa mndandanda wa nyumba zopangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kwa kasitomala. Mapangidwe oyambira anali osavuta kutsika kukhala gawo limodzi. Zojambulazo zinkangotuluka ndi zomwe zinkawoneka ngati zowonongeka pafupi ndi pamwamba. Pambuyo kuzidula ndi kuzisanthula, sizinali dothi - zinali slag ndi zitsulo za okosijeni zomwe zinagwedezeka panthawi yothira. Tinakonzanso gating kuti mukhale ndi chitsime pansi pa sprue kuti tigwire chitsulo choyamba, chodetsedwa, ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yothamanga yothamanga yokhala ndi ma ingate angapo, ang'onoang'ono kuti agawire kutuluka kwake mofanana. Chiwongola dzanja chatsika ndi 70%. Ndiko kusiyana kwa dongosolo labwino. Simatsenga; umagwiritsidwa ntchito mphamvu zamadzimadzi.
Ndiye pali kudyetsa - zowuka. Izi ndi zosungiramo zitsulo zotentha zomwe zimadyetsa kuponyera pamene zimalimba ndi kuchepa. Chitsulo chimachepa pamene chimachokera ku madzi kupita ku cholimba. Ngati simukudyetsa shrinkage, mumapeza shrinkage porosity, spongy, malo ofooka mkati mwa kuponyera. Chinyengo ndikuyika chokwera pamalo oyenera, ndikuchipangitsa kuti chikhale choyenera, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chimakhala chotentha kwambiri kuposa gawo lomwe likudyetsedwa. Nthawi zina mumafunika manja okwera kuti musunge chitsulocho kuti chisungunuke. Zonse zimatengera kulimba kolowera: kupangitsa kuponyera kulimba kuchokera kumalekezero kubwerera ku chokwera, kuti chokweracho chizitha kudyetsa zitsulo zamadzimadzi m'malo omwe akucheperachepera. Chokwera chosayikidwa bwino ndicholemera chabe chomwe muyenera kudula; yopangidwa bwino ndi inshuwaransi yachitsulo chomveka.
Zosankha Zakuthupi ndi Kuvina Kwamphamvu
Chitsulo chomwe mwasankha chimalamula chilichonse chomwe chili mu kuponyera mchenga wa mphamvu yokoka ndondomeko. Chitsulo chotuwira sichimachita chilichonse ngati chitsulo chopangidwa ndi ductile, chomwe sichili ngati chitsulo kapena alloy-based alloy. Chitsulo chotuwa, chokhala ndi ma graphite flakes, chimakhala ndi madzi abwino ndipo chimawonjezeka panthawi yolimba chifukwa cha mpweya wa graphite. Izi zingathandizedi kuchepetsa mavuto a shrinkage. Chitsulo chachitsulo, chokhala ndi graphite yozungulira, chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana siyana ndipo chimakonda kupanga zinyalala ngati sichisamalidwa bwino.
Chitsulo ndi chirombo. Kutentha kothira ndikwambiri kuposa chitsulo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kutentha kumayendetsedwa. Mchenga wa nkhungu umatenthedwa kwambiri ndi kutentha. Chitsulo chimakhalanso ndi chiwopsezo chokwera kwambiri - pafupifupi 2% kapena kupitilira apo pakupanga chitsulo cha carbon. Dongosolo lanu lodyera (zokwera) liyenera kukhala lokulirapo komanso lolimba kwambiri. Ndipo ndi ma aloyi ena, monga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena zokhala ndi aloyi wapamwamba kwambiri, madziwo amatha kukhala otsika, amafunanso kupangidwa mosamala kwambiri kuti mudzaze magawo oonda. Ndagwirapo ntchito ndi mashopu ngati Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. pamapulojekiti ophatikiza ma aloyi apadera. Mutha kuwona zomwe adakumana nazo patsamba lawo https://www.tsingtaocnc.com. Pamene mukuchita ndi cobalt-based kapena nickel-based alloys, mtengo wachitsulo wokhawokha ndi wokwera kwambiri kotero kuti kuponyedwa kotayidwa ndiko kutaya kwakukulu. Mphepete mwazolakwa imachepa. Kuwongolera kachitidwe - kuchokera ku kutentha kwa mchenga kupita ku kutentha kwachitsulo kupita ku liwiro la kuthira - kuyenera kukhala kosamalitsa. Mbiri yawo yayitali pakupanga ndi kupanga, monga tafotokozera m'mawu awo oyambilira, ikuwonetsa kuti adutsa zovuta zenizeni izi pazigoba, ndalama, ndi mchenga.
Aluminiyamu ndi ma aloyi opangidwa ndi mkuwa ndi dziko lina kwathunthu. Amatsanulira pa kutentha kochepa koma akhoza kukhala mpweya. Nthawi zambiri amafuna degassing mu ng'anjo kapena ladle pamaso kutsanulira kuchotsa haidrojeni, zomwe zimayambitsa aakulu porosity. Mchenga uyenera kuuma. Chinyezi chilichonse chimachita mwamphamvu ndi aluminiyumu, osati kungopanga gasi koma zomwe zingayambitse kuphulika kwa nthunzi komwe kumawononga nkhungu. Chilichonse chili ndi umunthu wake, zomwe zimafuna pa ndondomekoyi.
Kumene Kukukwanira ndi Nthawi Yoyang'ana Kwina
Mphamvu yokoka mchenga kuponyera imapambana pamagawo apakati mpaka akulu okhala ndi ma geometries osavuta mpaka ovuta. Ganizirani midadada ya injini, nyumba zamabokosi a gearbox, matupi akulu a ma valve, zoyambira zida zamakina, ma casings a pampu. Ndiwotsika mtengo pama voliyumu otsika mpaka apakatikati chifukwa zida (zojambula) ndizotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi nkhungu zokhazikika kapena kufa kwakufa. Nthawi yotsogolera kupanga gawo latsopano ikhoza kukhala yayifupi ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito matabwa kapena pulasitiki. Kukula kwake kulibe malire - mutha kupanga magawo olemera matani.
Koma ili ndi malire ake. Kumapeto kwapamwamba komanso kulondola kwake, ngakhale kuli bwino, sikuli kolimba monga momwe mumakhalira ndi kuponya ndalama kapena kuponyera kwamphamvu kwambiri. Ngati mukufuna gawo lokhala ndi makoma owonda kwambiri (m'munsimu mwina 1/8 inchi pazitsulo zambiri), zozama zamkati, kapena galasi ngati galasi, mwina mukuyang'ana kuponya ndalama. Ichi ndichifukwa chake maziko a utumiki wathunthu ngati Mtengo wa QSY angapereke zonse chipolopolo nkhungu ndi kuika ndalama pamodzi ndi luso lawo. Chikombole cha Shell chimakupatsirani sitepe yolondola ndikumaliza kuchokera pakuponyera mchenga, ndipo kuyika ndalama kumapitilira patsogolo. Ndiko kufananiza ndondomekoyi ndi zofunikira za gawolo.
Chinthu chinanso chachikulu ndi kuchuluka kwa kupanga. Kupanga nkhungu iliyonse yamchenga ndi manja ndikochedwa. Pakupanga magawo ang'onoang'ono okwera kwambiri, mizere yopangira mchenga wobiriwira ilipo, koma ndiye ndalama zazikulu. Kwa malo ogulitsira ntchito kapena prototyping, pamanja kapena semi-automated kuponyera mchenga wa mphamvu yokoka imasinthasintha modabwitsa. Mutha kupanga imodzi kapena magulu ang'onoang'ono popanda kuphwanya banki pazida. Ndi njira yogwirira ntchito pazifukwa - ndi yosinthika, yokhululukira m'njira zina (mutha kukonza nthawi zonse), ndipo imatha kupanga zida zamphamvu kwambiri, zolimba.
Zosiyanasiyana Zosapeŵeka ndi Zokhudza Anthu
Ziribe kanthu momwe mungakhazikitsire, ntchito yoyambira imakhala yodzaza ndi zosintha. Kutentha kwa mchenga mukathira. Kutentha kwachitsulo mu ladle-ndipo kumazizira pamene mukutsanulira, kotero nkhungu yomaliza pamndandanda ikhoza kupeza chitsulo chozizira kwambiri kuposa choyamba. Luso la kuthirira. Chothirira bwino chimayendetsa liwiro, chimasunga sprue kuti chikhale chodzaza kuti mutu usagwedezeke, komanso umachepetsa chipwirikiti. Novice akhoza kusokoneza mapangidwe abwino a nkhungu.
Ndiye pali shakeout ndi kuyeretsa. Kuthyola mchenga kumawoneka kosavuta, koma mutha kuwononga kuponya kosalimba ngati muli wovuta kwambiri. Zipata ndi zokwera ziyenera kudulidwa, nthawi zambiri ndi bandsaw kapena abrasive cutter. Ndiye pali akupera kusalaza madera odulidwa, kuwombera kuphulika kuyeretsa pamwamba, ndipo nthawi zambiri kutentha mankhwala kwa katundu womaliza. Gawo lirilonse likuwonetsa zomwe zingatheke zolakwika kapena zowonongeka. Ndawonapo kamvekedwe kokongola, kamvekedwe kamvekedwe kakuya kuchokera ku chopukusira chachangu, ndikuchisandutsa ntchito yokonza kapena zidutswa.
Pamapeto pake, kuponyera mchenga wa mphamvu yokoka ndi njira yoyambira. Sizokongola. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yauve komanso yotentha. Koma pali chikhutiro chakuya potenga mulu wa mchenga, mtanda wachitsulo, ndi kuwusandutsa chinthu cholondola, chogwira ntchito, chonyamula katundu mwa kumvetsa mfundo zazikuluzikuluzi. Ndi kuphatikiza kwaukadaulo wakale ndi sayansi yamakono yazitsulo. Masitolo omwe amachita bwino, omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri amakhala ngati Mtengo wa QSY, aikamo mbali zonse zimenezi—maphikidwe amchenga, malamulo olowera m'manja, zovuta za chitsulo chilichonse. Iwo samangopanga zopanga; amayendetsa chochitika chokhazikika chokhazikika. Ndipo ndicho chinyengo chenicheni cha izo.
