Anthu ambiri akamva mawu akuti ‘zigawo zachitsulo zotungira,’ amayerekezera chinthu cholemera, chotchipa komanso chosavuta. Ndiko kulakwitsa koyamba. Zowona ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo kulakwitsa pamalo ogulitsira kumawononga ndalama zenizeni komanso nthawi.
Mahatchi Osamvetsetseka
Tinene momveka bwino: chitsulo chotuwira sichimasankhidwa chifukwa cha kulimba kwake. Mumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yake yonyowetsa komanso kukana kuvala. Ndawonapo mapangidwe ambiri pomwe wina amatchula chitsulo cha ductile kapena chitsulo chanyumba kapena maziko, kuthamangitsa nambala yamphamvu kwambiri pa pepala lodziwika bwino, kungokhala kuti gulu lonse ligwedezeke ngati foloko yokonza kapena kuvala msanga pamalo otsetsereka. Ma graphite flakes mu iron imvi ndi chida chake chobisika. Amakhala ngati zoziziritsa kugwedezeka zomangidwira ndipo zimapereka mphamvu yothira mafuta. Ndizinthu zomwe zimapambana pansi pa kuponderezedwa, osati kupanikizika. Ngati gawo lanu likuwona zolemetsa ndipo likufunika kukhala chete komanso lokhazikika, chitsulo chotuwira nthawi zambiri chimakhala chanzeru komanso chopanda ndalama zambiri.
Apa ndipamene chidziwitso ndi njira ya foundry chimakhala chofunikira. Kuzizira kozizira panthawi yolimba kumayendetsa mwachindunji kukula kwa graphite flake ndi kugawa, komwe kumayambitsa katundu womaliza. Gawo lomwe lili ndi gawo lokhuthala ndi gawo lochepa thupi lokhazikika momwemo lidzakhala ndi ma microstructures osiyanasiyana. Ndikukumbukira gulu la zida zamakina zomwe tidazipeza zaka zapitazo zomwe zidapanga kuuma kosagwirizana pamakwerero okwera. Vuto silinali kalasi yakuthupi; kunali kuyika kwa zokwera ndi kutentha kwa madzi, zomwe zinapangitsa kuzizira m'madera ena ndi graphite yofewa m'madera ena. Chojambulacho chinangoti Class 30 Gray Iron, koma sizinali zokwanira. Tinayenera kugwira ntchito ndi maziko pakupanga mapangidwe ndi gating system.
Makampani omwe akhala akusewera kwazaka zambiri, monga Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., mvetsetsani izi. Kwa zaka zoposa 30 akuponya ndi kupanga makina, iwo awona misampha imeneyi. Mukasakatula mbiri yawo pa tsngtaocnc.com, simungoyang’ana mbali zomalizidwa; mukuyang'ana pakumvetsetsa kwakuya. Za imvi kuponyedwa chitsulo makina mbali, izi zikutanthawuza kudziwa momwe mungapangire nkhungu ndikuwongolera ndondomeko kuti mukhale ndi dongosolo loyenera m'malo oyenera, makamaka pazithunzi zovuta.
Machining: Kumene Kumakhala Vuto Limeneli Nthawi zambiri
Kuponya ndi theka chabe la nkhani. Kukonza ziwiya zachitsulo ndi luso lake lapadera. Fumbi lodziwika bwino - ma graphite abwino ndi tinthu tachitsulo - ndi abrasive ndipo amapezeka paliponse. Zimawononga zowongolera zamakina ndi zomangira za mpira ngati sizikuyendetsedwa mwamphamvu ndikusefera koyenera ndi kusindikiza. Simungagwiritse ntchito njira zoziziritsira zofanana ndi zitsulo; chindapusa chikhoza kutsekereza machitidwe. Tinaphunzira izi movutikira pa ntchito yochuluka yokonza mapampu a nyumba. Chozizirira chathu chokhazikika chosungunuka m'madzi chinasanduka matope omwe amawononga zosindikizira zapampu pakatha sabata. Tinasinthira ku zoziziritsa kukhosi zowoneka bwino, zosefera ndikuwonjezera nthawi yokonza.
Ndiye pali tooling. Zoyikapo za carbide zokhala ndi zowoneka bwino, zowoneka bwino zimagwira ntchito bwino, koma moyo wa zida ungakhale wosadziwikiratu ngati mutagunda kuphatikizika kwa mchenga kapena malo olimba chifukwa chozizirira mwachangu. Zida za PCD (polycrystalline diamondi) ndi zabwino kwambiri pomaliza ntchito pachitsulo choyera, chosasinthasintha, chopereka moyo wodabwitsa, koma mtengo wake wapamwamba ndi wokwera. Kuwerengera: gawo la voliyumu, kumaliza kofunikira, komanso kulolerana. Kuti tipeze bwino kwambiri mipando ya ma valve, tinasamukira ku PCD ndipo sitinayang'ane mmbuyo-kusinthasintha kunadzilipira.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake ogulitsa omwe amaphatikiza kuponyera ndi CNC makina pansi pa denga limodzi, monga QSY imachitira, ili ndi mwayi wapadera. Amatha kukonza njira yoponyera potengera makinawo. Akhoza kuwonjezera kachulukidwe kakang'ono m'dera lomwe limakonda kuchepa, kapena kuyika mzere wolekanitsa kuti muchepetse makina pa malo ovuta kwambiri. Mapangidwe awa a Manufacturability akuganiza amachotsa mutu wambiri womwe umachitika pamene kuponyera ndi makina akuchitidwa ndi ogulitsa osiyana, osagwirizana.
Funso la Alloying ndi Chithandizo Chapamwamba
Chitsulo choyera (monga ASTM Class 20, 30, 35) chimakwirira 80% ya ntchito. Koma nthawi zina mumafunika zina. Kuonjezera chromium kumawonjezera kuuma komanso kukana kwazinthu zina monga ng'oma zophwanyika kapena ma silinda, komanso kumapangitsa chitsulo kukhala cholimba kwambiri komanso chovuta kupanga makina. Zowonjezera za nickel zimathandizira kuyeretsa graphite ndikuwongolera kufanana ndi mphamvu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zigawo zokulirapo kuti zisafewe. Ndikuchita bwino.
Ndipo pafupifupi osagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chotuwira, chopangidwa ndi makina osinthika. Zimafunikira chitetezo kapena kuwongolera. Phosphating ndiyofala pakukana dzimbiri komanso ngati maziko a utoto. Pamalo otsetsereka ngati mphete za pisitoni kapena mbale za kompresa, plating ya malata kapena kuumitsa kwa induction kungatchulidwe. Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti yopangira ma hydraulic manifold blocks pomwe tidalumpha chithandizo chapamwamba kuti tipulumutse mtengo. Kulakwitsa kwakukulu. Dzimbiri laling'ono la pamwamba lomwe lidapangidwa panthawi yotumiza kunja, zomwe zidayipitsa ma hydraulic system poyambira. Mtengo wa kulepherawo unachepetsa mtengo wa sitepe yosavuta ya phosphating.
Pamene Ikulephera (Ndipo Chifukwa)
Iron imvi imakuuzani ngati ili yosakondwa. Zolephera zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofooka komanso zowonekeratu. Phokoso lachitsulo chotuwira - phokoso losawoneka bwino m'malo mwa mphete ikamenyedwa - ndikuwunika mwachangu. Zolephera zambiri zomwe ndazifufuza zimatsikira kuzinthu zitatu: kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kapena kugwedezeka komwe sikunafunikire kuti kugwire (monga kugwiritsa ntchito bulaketi yachitsulo chotuwira ngati cholumikizira), kutenthedwa kwamafuta (kutentha kofulumira, kutenthetsa kosagwirizana ndi kuzizira komwe kumayambitsa ming'alu), kapena dzimbiri kuchokera pamalo osayenera.
Mlandu wina wapadera unali ndi nyumba yayikulu, yokhazikika ya gearbox. Idapambana mayeso onse okakamiza koma idalephera kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi mng'alu wowopsa. Kusanthula kwa Metallurgical kunawonetsa kuti mng'aluwo udachokera ku shrinkage yapansi panthaka pafupi ndi ngodya yakuthwa yamkati - chowonjezera nkhawa. Kudziponyera komweko kunakumana ndi kalasi, koma kapangidwe kake (ngodya yakuthwa) yophatikizidwa ndi kaphokoso kakang'ono, kololedwa kamene kanapanga kulephera. Kukonzekera kunali kophweka koma kofunikira kusintha kamangidwe: kuwonjezera fillet radius ku ngodya imeneyo mu chitsanzo, chomwe maziko, Mtengo wa QSY, akhoza kulolera mosavuta. Idatsindika kuti kutchula nkhaniyo sikokwanira; muyenera kupanga ndondomeko yoponya.
Niche ya Shell ndi Investment Casting mu Iron
Mbali zambiri zachitsulo zotuwira ndi mchenga. Koma pazigawo zomwe zimafunikira kutsirizika kwapamwamba, kulolerana kolimba kwambiri, kapena zovuta kwambiri, ma geometries owonda, njira zina zimabwera. Kuponyera nkhungu za zipolopolo, zomwe QSY imatchula kuti ndizopadera, zimagwiritsa ntchito mchenga wopaka utomoni kuti apange nkhungu yolimba, yopyapyala. Amapereka mapeto osalala komanso olondola kwambiri kuposa mchenga wamba wobiriwira. Ganizirani zamagulu ang'onoang'ono, ovuta kwambiri a injini kapena ma hydraulic valve matupi.
Kuyika kwachitsulo pazitsulo sikumakhala kofala chifukwa cha mtengo wake, koma kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zovuta kwambiri, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe apafupi kumene makina angakhale ovuta kwambiri kapena owononga. Kusamvana kwatsatanetsatane sikungafanane. Ndizopadera mkati mwapadera, ndipo kuziwona zalembedwa ndi ogulitsa kumasonyeza kuti ali ndi luso lapamwamba. Kwa nyumba ya sensa yovuta kwambiri yokhala ndi ndime zamkati, kusintha kuchokera ku chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo kupita ku gawo lachitsulo chotuwa chandalama, kuphatikiza zigawo zingapo, kukhathamiritsa bwino, ndikuchepetsa nthawi yophatikizira, ngakhale kukwera mtengo kwa unit.
Malingaliro Omaliza: Kufotokozera ndi Luntha
Choncho, pamene inu mwachindunji imvi kuponyedwa chitsulo makina mbali, kupitilira kalasi ya ASTM yokha. Ganizirani za ntchito: damping, compression, kuvala. Ganizirani za unyolo wopangira: udzaponyedwa bwanji ndi kusinthidwa? Lumikizanani ndi wothandizira wanu za malo ovuta komanso njira zonyamula katundu. Wokondedwa wabwino samangotchula zolemba; amafunsa mafunso okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo atha kupereka malingaliro osavuta apangidwe kapena njira ina chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera kupititsa patsogolo kudalirika kapena kuchepetsa mtengo wonse. Cholinga chake ndi kukulitsa mphamvu zachibadwidwe cha nkhaniyo, osati kulimbana ndi zofooka zake. Ndiko kusiyana pakati pa gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito ndi lomwe limagwira ntchito bwino kwa zaka zambiri.
