Mukamva 'liquid metal injection molding', malingaliro ambiri amalumphira molunjika ku sci-fi kapena zida zamagetsi zogulira zapamwamba zokhala ndi makaseti apamwamba, opanda msoko. Ndilo gawo lake, zedi, koma zenizeni m'mafakitole ndi mashopu am'makina ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zovuta kwambiri. Sikuti kungopangitsa kuti chinachake chiwoneke bwino; ndi za kuthetsa vuto la geometry lomwe kuponya mchenga sikungathe, kapena kukwaniritsa kutha kwapamwamba komwe kumathetsa maola ambiri a ntchito ya CNC. Lingaliro lolakwika lodziwika bwino ndiloti ndi malo amodzi kuti mukhale angwiro. M'malo mwake, ndikukambirana pakati pa mphamvu zamadzimadzi, kuchuluka kwamphamvu, komanso kukwera kwachuma kwamitengo yazida poyerekeza ndi gawo. Ndawonapo mashopu akudumphira poganiza kuti ndi mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wopangira jakisoni wa pulasitiki, kungowotchedwa - kwenikweni komanso mophiphiritsira - ndi kupsinjika kwamafuta ndi machitidwe a aloyi omwe samayembekezera.
The Core Dance: Alloy, Mold, ndi Window of Opportunity
Mtima wa ndondomekoyi si makina ojambulira okha; ndi ukwati wa zinthu ndi nkhungu. Simukugwira ntchito ndi ma polima. Mukuchita ndi zitsulo zomwe zimachoka pamadzi kupita ku zolimba muzenera lovuta, lopapatiza la kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi nickel Nthawi zambiri timathamangira kumalo athu, kutentha kwambiri - kutentha pamwamba pa liquidus point - ndi chirichonse. Kukwera kwambiri, ndipo mumawononga nkhungu yachitsulo (kufa) kapena kuchititsa kuti kuchuluke kwambiri. Kutsika kwambiri, ndipo mumangothamanga molakwika kapena kuzizira chitseko chisanadzaze. Ndi chinthu chogwira. Mumaphunzira kuweruza mamasukidwe achitsulo ndi momwe amathira kuchokera ku ladle, luso lomwe palibe buku lomwe lingaphunzitse.
Apa ndipamene zaka zambiri zakusewera, monga zaka 30 zomwe tili nazo Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., zimakhala zosakambitsirana. Simungagule makina ndikuyamba. Mufunika malingaliro okhazikika a momwe mabanja osiyanasiyana azitsulo amachitira. Kuchoka pakupanga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kupita ku aloyi yopangidwa ndi cobalt kuti mugwiritse ntchito zovala zapamwamba sikusintha kosavuta pazenera la HMI. Kuwongolera konse kwamafuta akufa, kapangidwe kake ka mageti, ngakhale wotulutsa, angafunike kuganiziridwanso. Chikombolecho si chidebe chongokhala; ndi chotenthetsera chotenthetsera, ndipo kupanga njira zake zozizirira ndi luso kuposa sayansi nthawi zina.
Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti ya chowongolera chovuta mu duplex zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Wofuna chithandizo amafunikira masamba owonda, owoneka bwino kwambiri. Kuponya mchenga kunasiya kusiyana kwakukulu; kupanga makina olimba anali okwera mtengo kwambiri. Kumangira jekeseni wazitsulo zamadzimadzi anali phungu womveka. Tidapeza geometry pomwe pakuwombera koyamba - kutulutsa mwatsatanetsatane kunali kodabwitsa. Koma gawolo linasokonekera panthawi ya ejection. Nkhani yake? Tidapanga zoziziritsa kukhosi kuti zikhale zolimba, koma sitinawerengerepo za kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa nsonga yokhuthala ndi masamba opyapyala. Unali nkhani yachikale yakupambana nkhondo yodzaza koma kutaya nkhondo yolimbana ndi nkhawa. Tidazithetsa ndikuwonjezera nthawi yayifupi, yoyendetsedwa mukufa isanatulutsidwe, kulola kuti kutentha kukhale kokwanira. Tweak imeneyo idachokera ku kuphatikiza kwa data yoyeserera komanso m'matumbo a woyendetsa akumva kuti gawolo silinakonzekere kutuluka.
Msampha Wothandizira: Kumene Ntchito Zimapambana Kapena Kuyima
Tiyeni tikambirane za njovu m'chipinda: tooling. Kufa kwa jekeseni wazitsulo wamadzimadzi ndi capital capital capital. Zimapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri, chogwiritsa ntchito chotentha, nthawi zambiri chokhala ndi mizere yozizirira yovuta yoboola mkati. Nthawi yotsogolera ya kufa kwaukadaulo ikhoza kukhala miyezi. Iyi ndiye mfundo imodzi yokha yolephera kwa obwera kumene. Amapeputsa mtengo wake ndipo amapeputsa ungwiro wa mapangidwe oyambawo.
Lamulo lothandiza lomwe timatsatira ndiloti tisamalize kupanga mafelemu osayamba kugwiritsa ntchito makina otsika mtengo, opangidwa ndi graphite kapena copper alloy mold. Ndizopereka nsembe, koma zimawulula zovuta zotuluka, malo otentha, ndi zovuta zotulutsa mpweya pamtengo wochepa. Tidachita izi pamanyumba angapo olumikizirana mu aloyi yapadera, yapamwamba-conductivity. Chitsanzo cha CAD chinkawoneka bwino. Chithunzi cha graphite chinatiwonetsa malo akufa pakona pomwe mpweya unatsekeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo. Kukonzekera mu CAD musanayambe kudula chitsulo chomaliza chachitsulo chinatipulumutsa ife kulakwitsa kwa chiwerengero chachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi kuchedwa kwa masabata a 10.
Ubale ndi gulu la makina a CNC ndiwofunika kwambiri pano. Ku QSY, dipatimenti yathu ya m'nyumba ya CNC si gulu lapadera; iwo ndi gawo la zokambirana zachitukuko kuyambira tsiku loyamba. Ndiwo amene amatiuza ngati ngodya yojambulira imatha kupangidwa, kapena ngati mapini amtundu wina adzapulumuka kuzungulira 100,000. Kuphatikizana kumeneku pakati pa kuponyera ndi makina ndiko kumasintha njira yabwino yopangira jakisoni kukhala njira yodalirika yopanga. Gawoli nthawi zambiri limatuluka mu mawonekedwe oyandikira-ukonde, koma malo osindikizira ovuta kapena ulusi amafunikira kukhudza komaliza, kolondola kwa CNC. Kukonzekera kwa ntchito yachiwiriyo ndi gawo la DFM (Design for Manufacturability).
Zinthu Zakuthupi: Sizitsulo Zake
Mawu akuti chitsulo chamadzimadzi ndi osavuta mwachinyengo. M'malo athu, zitha kutanthauza zosapanga dzimbiri 316, kusakaniza kosagwirizana ndi cobalt-chrome, kapena aloyi ya nickel yotentha kwambiri. Aliyense ali ndi umunthu wake panthawi ya jekeseni. Aluminiyamu ndi zinc alloys, omwe amapezeka m'malo otentha otsika, amakhala okhululuka. Mukalowa mu ma aloyi apadera—zimene zimapanga mbali zopangira mankhwala, zakuthambo, kapena zipangizo zamankhwala —malamulo amasintha.
Tengani ma aloyi opangidwa ndi nickel. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri pakuwononga dzimbiri komanso kukana kutentha, koma amakonda tsankho komanso kung'ambika kotentha ngati kutsogolo kolimba sikuyendetsedwa bwino. Simungangophulitsa nkhungu ndi choziziritsa; muyenera kutsogolera kulimba kuchokera kutali kwambiri kubwerera kuchipata, makamaka akuweta zitsulo microstructure m'malo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kutenthetsa bwino mbali zina zakufa, osati kungoziziritsa. Ndizotsutsana nazo. Mukubaya chitsulo chosungunula, koma mutha kukhala ndi makatiriji otentha mu thupi lakufa kuti mupewe kuzizira msanga m'gawo lovuta kwambiri.
Tinaphunzira izi movutikira ndi gawo la valve. Zinthuzi zinali zangwiro ku chilengedwe cha mpweya wowawasa womwe umagwirira ntchito. Koma poyesedwa, idalephera pamalo owoneka ngati mwachisawawa. Kufufuza kwazitsulo kunavumbula misozi yaing'ono m'mphepete mwa malire a tirigu - misozi yotentha. Kukonzekera sikunali kusintha aloyi; inali kukonzanso chipata ndikusefukira kuti apange kutentha kwabwino kwambiri panthawi yomaliza yolimba. The jekeseni wazitsulo wamadzimadzi ndondomeko inayenera kukonzedwa osati kungopanga gawolo, koma kuti likhazikitse chiyero chake chamkati.
Kumaliza Kumaliza: CNC Handshake
Ntchitoyi siichitidwa pamene mbaliyo yatulutsidwa ndipo sprue wadulidwa. Ndipamene mtengo wa opereka chithandizo chonse umakhala wosatsutsika. Gawo lopangidwa kudzera jekeseni wazitsulo wamadzimadzi Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ndalama zocheperako - mwina 0.5mm kapena kuchepera pazinthu zofunika kwambiri. Izi zimafuna kulondola osati pakuwumba kokha, komanso pakukonza makina a CNC wotsatira. Gawolo liyenera kupezeka ndikumangika potengera ma data-cast, osati chitsanzo cha CAD.
Gulu lathu lopanga makina limapanga zosintha malinga ndi malipoti oyendera nkhani yoyamba kuchokera ku magawo owumbidwa. Akuyang'ana zinthu zofananira, zosafunikira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ngati malo otsekera. Mwachitsanzo, titha kugwiritsa ntchito bwana wina wake yemwe amapangidwa modalirika pakuwombera kulikonse ngati malo oyamba a Z-axis. Kuphatikizika kosasunthikaku kochokera pamalo oyambira kupita ku shopu ya CNC, pansi pa denga limodzi ngati pa QSY, kumachotsa zolakwika zamasewera ndi masanjidwe omwe amavutitsa ntchito zakunja. Katswiri wamakina amadziwa zovuta zomwe amapangira, ndipo wopanga makinawo amadziwa zomwe katswiri wamakina amafunikira kuti athe kupirira.
Kuphatikiza uku ndikofunikira pazachuma pazantchito zonse. Mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa jekeseni wazitsulo wamadzimadzi tooling ndi wolungamitsidwa ndi yafupika Machining nthawi ndi zinthu zinyalala pa gawo. Ngati gawo lopangidwa silikugwirizana, mumataya phindu nthawi yomweyo chifukwa pulogalamu ya CNC iyenera kuwerengera kusinthasintha kwachilengedwe, kuwonjezera nthawi yozungulira komanso kuvala zida. Njira yowongoka yoyendetsedwa bwino imapangitsa kuti pakhale chithunzi chodziwikiratu, pafupi ndi ukonde chopanda kanthu chomwe CNC imatha kumaliza mwachangu komanso modalirika. Ndiwo ma synergy omwe amapangitsa ukadaulo kukhala wotheka pakupanga kwapakatikati mpaka kukweza kwazinthu zovuta.
Chigamulo Chapadziko Lonse: Nthawi Yomwe Mungachigwiritse Ntchito, Nthawi Yoyenda
Ndiye, pambuyo pa zonsezi, liti jekeseni wazitsulo wamadzimadzi kupanga zomveka? Si njira yapadziko lonse lapansi. Zimawala mukakhala ndi gawo lokhala ndi ndime zamkati mkati, makoma owonda kwambiri (mpaka mwina 1mm ndi ma aloyi ena), zofunikira zomaliza zapamwamba (monga-cast Ra values zitha kukhala zotsika kwambiri), komanso kufunikira kwa zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zitsulo zapadera zokha zimapereka. Voliyumu ndiyofunikira - mumafunika kuchuluka kwapachaka kokwanira kuti muchepetse ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito zida zambirimbiri, osati mazana.
Ndalangiza makasitomala kutsutsana nazo pamene gawo lawo linali losavuta, kapena pamene mavoliyumu awo akuyembekezeredwa anali osasunthika. Kusinthasintha kwa kupanga nkhungu za zipolopolo kapena kupanga ndalama, komanso luso lathu lofunikira, kunali koyenera pazachuma. Chiyeso chogwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba ndi zamphamvu, koma kuweruza kwa akatswiri ndikusankha chida choyenera, osati chodula kwambiri.
Pamapeto pake, zopambana jekeseni wazitsulo wamadzimadzi ndi luso lakuya. Imakhala pamphambano zazitsulo, kapangidwe ka makina, uinjiniya wamafuta, ndi zopangapanga. Ndiko kumvetsetsa kuti chitsulo chimakhala ndi chikumbukiro cha momwe chinabadwira - kubayidwa, kufinyidwa, ndi kulimba pansi pa kupanikizika. Kuchita bwino kumakhala kocheperako ngati chigonjetso chopanga komanso kukhala ngati kukambirana bwino mgwirizano pakati pa malamulo afizikiki ndi zosowa za pulani. Ndipo ndicho chinachake chimene mumangophunzira mwa kuyima pafupi ndi ng'anjo, kumva kutentha, ndi kuyang'ana zitsulo zikuyenda.
