Anthu akamafunsa za 'mtengo wotayika wotaya phula', nthawi zambiri amangoyang'ana mtengo pa chidutswa chilichonse. Ndiko kulakwitsa koyamba. Mtengo si nambala imodzi yomwe mumakoka kuchokera patchati; ndi zokambirana zomwe zimayamba ndi geometry mu fayilo yanu ya CAD ndikutha ndi mapeto m'manja mwanu. Ndawonapo mapulojekiti ambiri akusokonekera chifukwa wina adafanizira mawu achitsulo chosavuta chamkuwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopyapyala chopanda mipanda ndikuganiza kuti choyambira chikung'amba. Mtengo wake weniweni umakhala pazosankha zomwe zidapangidwa kalekale sera isanabayidwe nkomwe.
Maziko: Zonse Zimayamba ndi Chitsanzo
Simungathe kuyankhula mtengo popanda kulankhula za chitsanzo. Njira yosavuta, yolimba ya giya? Zotsika mtengo pazida. Koma ngati gawo lanu lili ndi mayendedwe amkati, mafupi, kapena amafuna nkhungu ya aluminiyamu yamitundu yambiri, ndalama zoyambira zida zitha kukwera. Ndikukumbukira kasitomala wina yemwe adapanga nyumba yokongola yokhala ndi zomangira zamkati zamkati zochepetsera kulemera. Mapangidwe odabwitsa, koma nkhunguyo inkafuna zitsulo za ceramic zotha kugwa komanso gulu la nkhungu lamitundu yambiri. The kutaya sera ndondomeko yokha inali yokhazikika, koma mtengo wake unachulukitsa kawiri ndalama zolowera polojekitiyi. Ndicho chinthu chobisika chomwe ambiri amachiphonya.
Ndiye pali phula lokha. Sera yokhazikika ndi mtengo umodzi. Koma pazigawo zomwe zimafuna kukhazikika kwakukulu - ganizirani zigawo zazitali, zoonda zomwe zimatha kupindika - mungafunike sera yodzaza kapena yophatikiza polima. Izi zimawonjezera mwina 15-25% kumtengo wanu wakuthupi kuchokera pamleme. Ndi choyipa chofunikira nthawi zina. Nthawi ina tinayesa kusunga ndalama pakuyenda kwa ma valve pogwiritsa ntchito sera yotsika mtengo. Chotsatira? Kusokonezeka kosasintha, kosawoneka bwino pakuwongolera kobowo komwe sikunagwire mpaka kukonza, ndikuchotsa gulu lonse. Ndalama zomwe adasungazo zidathetsedwa kakhumi.
Voliyumu ndi mbali ina ya ndalama yapatani. A $10,000 nkhungu amortized pa 50 zidutswa ndi wankhanza. Zoposa 50,000 zidutswa, zimakhala zosafunika. Apa ndipamene bwenzi labwino loyambira liyenera kukutsogolerani. Pazigawo zotsika kwambiri, zovuta kwambiri, nthawi zina zosindikizidwa za 3D kapena ngakhale kuponyedwa kwachindunji kwa chipolopolo cha ceramic ndikokwera mtengo, ngakhale mtengo wokwera pa unit iliyonse. Zimalambalala zida zolimba kwathunthu. Makampani omwe amapereka njira zachikhalidwe komanso zamakono, monga Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., khalani ndi mwayi pano. Akhoza kukuuzani njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri ya voliyumu yanu, kaya ndi yachikale kuponya ndalama kugwiritsa ntchito kapena njira yosakanizidwa.
Masewera a Shell: Mitengo ya Ceramic ndi Nthawi Yopangira
Kapangidwe ka zipolopolo za ceramic ndi komwe mtengo wake umawotchera. Kuthira, kusenda, ndi kuyanika kumawonjezera ntchito, mphamvu, ndi mtengo wazinthu. Gawo lokhuthala, lolemera lingafunike magawo 7-9 a ceramic slurry ndi stucco. Kagawo kakang'ono ka alloy, osamva kutentha kwamlengalenga, kangafunike malaya apadera opangidwa ndi zirconia ndi zigawo zambiri za kukhulupirika, kukulitsa mtengo woponya.
Kulephera kwa zipolopolo ndikupha bajeti mwakachetechete. Ngati chipolopolo chimang'ambika pa dewaxing (autoclave kapena flash fire process) kapena panthawi yothira, simutaya sera, koma ntchito yonse ndi zinthu zomwe zidayikidwa mu chipolopolocho. Kulamulira malo oyanikapo—chinyezi ndi kutentha—ndikofunikira. Mu imodzi mwa malo athu akale opanda zipinda zowumitsira zoyendetsedwa ndi nyengo, timawona kuchuluka kwa zipolopolo zikukwera nthawi yamvula. Mtengo wake sunali mu zipolopolo zotayika zokha; kunali kuchedwa kwa kupanga ndi nthawi yowonjezereka kuti ifike tsiku lotumiza. Zoyambitsa zamakono zokhala ndi malo olamulidwa zimayika kudalirika kumeneku pamitengo yawo.
Ndi nthawi yozungulira. Chipolopolo chomwe chimatenga masiku 5 kuti chimangidwe poyerekeza ndi masiku 7 (pogwiritsa ntchito umisiri wowumitsa wamakono kapena makina ena omangira) chimagwirizanitsa likulu lanu ndi malo anu apansi mosiyana. Mtengo wapamwamba uwu umagawidwa pa ntchito zonse mu shopu. Kapangidwe ka sitolo yophatikizika kwambiri, yotsika mtengo idzakhala yosiyana ndi mizere yodzipatulira yomwe ili ndi mitu yambiri yamagulu a gofu omwewo. Mukalandira mawu, mumalipiranso chifukwa cha sitoloyo - kapena kusakwanira kwake.
The Metal Factor: Kuposa Mtengo Wokha Pa Kilo
Mwachiwonekere, kusankha kwa alloy ndi dalaivala wamkulu. 304 zosapanga dzimbiri motsutsana ndi 316. Chitsulo cha kaboni motsutsana ndi superalloy yopangidwa ndi faifi monga Inconel 718. Kusiyana kwa mtengo wamtengo wapatali kungakhale 10x. Koma ndicho chiyambi chabe. Khalidwe losungunuka limasintha chilichonse. Ma superalloy nthawi zambiri amafunikira kusungunuka ndi kuthiridwa kwa vacuum, zomwe ndi zida zokwera mtengo kwambiri komanso mtengo wogwirira ntchito poyerekeza ndi ng'anjo yotsegulira chitsulo chachitsulo.
Zokolola ndi mawu amatsenga apa. Vyuma muka navikasoloka kulutwe mukuyoya chenyi? Mapangidwe owundana, a chunky amatha kukhala ndi zokolola za 70%. Gawo lokhala ndi zipsepse zazitali, zoonda komanso zotsekera zovuta zimatha kukhala ndi zokolola za 40%. Chitsulo chotayikacho - sprue, othamanga, zipata, ndi zokwera - zimasinthidwanso, koma mumalipirabe kusungunuka koyamba, mphamvu yosungunuka, ndi kutayika kwa okosijeni (kutsanulira shrinkage). Nthawi zonse ndimawauza opanga: kupanga zokolola. Nthawi zina kuwonjezera 1mm ya makulidwe pakhoma kumatha kusintha kwambiri kudzaza ndi kuchepetsa zinyalala, kupulumutsa mtengo wachitsulo womwe umaposa kulemera kwake.
Apa ndipamene maziko a foundry amafunikira. Sitolo ngati Mtengo wa QSY, yomwe imatchula zochitika zenizeni ndi ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt ndi faifi tambala, yakonza magawo awo azinthu zovutazi. Amadziwa kutentha kwenikweni, kutentha kwa zipolopolo, ndi kuzizira komwe kumafunika kuti pakhale zokolola zabwino pa gawo la Hastelloy. Kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chopangira chitsulo chopangira chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kungakhale kotchipa pamtengowo, koma mayendedwe awo ophunzirira komanso zokolola zotsika zitha kukhala zomaliza. mtengo wotaya phula apamwamba.
Post-Casting: Kumene Obisika 50% Amakhala
Ichi ndiye chodabwitsa kwambiri kwa obwera kumene. Mtengo wa kuponyera kwaiwisi nthawi zambiri umakhala theka la nkhaniyo. Kuponyedwa kumatuluka ndi zipata zomangika, mawonekedwe a pamwamba kuchokera pa ceramic, ndi zotheka zipsepse zazing'ono pamzere wolekanitsa. Chilichonse pambuyo pa shakeout ndi mtengo wachiwiri wa ntchito.
Kudulira ndikoyamba. Kudula pamanja ndi macheka kumakhala kovutirapo. Kudula mongodzipangira nokha kapena kuchekera bandesi ndibwino. Kwa malo okwera kwambiri, ma robotic cutoff station ndizofunikira. Ndiye akupera. Kuchotsa zitseko za pachipata ndi malo osalala ndi ntchito yamanja. Mbali yovuta yokhala ndi zipata m'madera ovuta kufikako ikhoza kutenga chopukusira chaluso mphindi 30, pomwe gawo losavuta likhoza kutenga 2. Chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchitochi chimawonjezeka mofulumira.
Ndiye, kutentha mankhwala. Kodi ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse nkhawa? Kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira zamakina? Ndiko kuzungulira kwina kwa ng'anjo, sitepe ina yoyendetsera zinthu, mtengo wina. Kuyesa kosawononga (NDT). Kodi gawolo likufunika X-ray, utoto wolowera, kapena kuyang'aniridwa ndi akupanga? Mayeso aliwonse amawonjezera nthawi komanso mtengo wa akatswiri. Pomaliza, aliyense CNC makina. Zambiri zopanga ndalama zimakhala zofananira ndi ukonde, koma mawonekedwe ovuta nthawi zonse amafunikira makina. Kuthekera kwa makina opangira nyumba, monga zomwe QSY imapereka, ndizopulumutsa ndalama zambiri. Kupanga ma bundling ndi kupanga makina kumachotsa kutumiza, kukonzanso, ndi kulumikizana pakati pa ogulitsa osiyana. Mtengo wa kuponyedwa kolakwika chifukwa cha kutanthauzira molakwika kwa zojambula pakati pamakampani ukhoza kukhala wowopsa.
Kuyiyika Pamodzi: Mawu Owona
Chifukwa chake, mukalandira mtengo, simukulipirira kuponya. Mukulipira: Chitsanzo/kuchotsera zida, jekeseni wa sera, ntchito yomanga zipolopolo & zipangizo, kusungunula zitsulo & kutsanulira (zosinthidwa kuti ziwonjezeke), kugwedeza, kudula, kugaya, kutentha komwe kungathe kuchitika, NDT yomwe ingatheke, ndi kayendetsedwe ka ntchito. Mawu abwino ochokera kwa odziwa zambiri ngati Malingaliro a kampani QSY kaŵirikaŵiri adzaziduladula kapena kukhala okonzekera kuzifotokoza. Zaka zawo 30 zakubadwa chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera ndi kuponya ndalama zikutanthauza kuti awona misampha yamtengo wapatali pamapulojekiti masauzande ambiri.
Mawu otsika mtengo kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala oopsa kwambiri. Zingatanthauze kuti akugwiritsa ntchito aloyi yotsika, kudumpha zowongolera zoyenera, kapena kupeputsa pambuyo pakukonza. Ndawotchedwa ndi izi. Tidapereka ntchito kwa ma impellers ena kwa wotsatsa wotsika. Zojambulazo zinkawoneka bwino, koma panthawi yokonza makina, tidapeza porosity yapang'onopang'ono. Mtengo wa magawo olephera, msonkhano wochedwetsedwa, ndi kugunda kwa mbiri ndi kasitomala wathu womaliza anali phunziro la anthu asanu ndi awiri.
Pomaliza, kuwongolera mtengo wotaya phula ndi za mgwirizano ndi kumveka bwino. Perekani mapangidwe oyera, opangidwa. Dziwani momveka bwino za kuchuluka kwa voliyumu yanu, osati kungoyitanitsa koyamba, komanso moyo wazinthu zonse. Kambiranani za madera ofunikira kuti agwire ntchito koyambirira kuti maziko azitha kuyika zipata ndi zokwera moyenera. Sankhani bwenzi lomwe lili ndi zinthu zoyenera ndikuwongolera ukadaulo wa gawo lanu lenileni. Mtengo wake umakhala wofanana ndi mtengo: mukulipira motsimikizika, mtundu, ndi gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito nthawi yoyamba. Ndiwo mtengo wokhawo womwe uli wofunika kwambiri pamapeto pake.
