Pamene wina atchula Icoloy 800, chinthu choyamba chomwe chimabwera m'maganizo nthawi zambiri ndi pepala lake la deta: mphamvu yabwino yotentha kwambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri kwabwino, aloyi olimba a nickel-iron-chromium. Koma mu shopu yopangira makina ndi makina, ndiye poyambira. Nkhani yeniyeni ili mumpata pakati pa mawu omveka ndi phokoso la phokoso, kutentha kwa kutentha, ndi nthawi zina, zokhumudwitsa. Ndawona mapangidwe ambiri amazitenga ngati kutsitsa kwa 304H kapena 825, ndipo ndipamene mutu umayamba.
The Casting Conundrum: Fluidity vs. Integrity
Kuponya Icoloy 800, makamaka kudzera njira yopangira ndalama, ndipamene mumalekanitsa chiphunzitsocho ndi machitidwe. Aloyiyo imakhala ndi kuzizira kocheperako, komwe ndikwabwino kuchepetsa kutsika kwa porosity, koma mamachulukidwe ake akasungunuka amatha kukhala ovuta. Simumapeza kuyenda kosavuta kwazitsulo za carbon. M'machitidwe athu a chipolopolo cha nkhungu ku Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), taphunzira kusintha kutentha kwa preheat pa nkhungu mwamphamvu kwambiri. Kutsanulira zomwe bukhuli likunena nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kutsekeka kozizira m'zigawo zopyapyala za magawo ovuta, monga zomangira zovuta za thermowell kapena ma nozzles oyaka omwe timapanga pafupipafupi.
Kupanga kwa gating system kumakhala kofunikira. Sizongopereka zitsulo; ndi za kulamulira kulimba chitsanzo kudyetsa kuti gawo lomaliza kulimbitsa. Nthawi ina tinali ndi machubu othandizira omwe amangowonetsa micro-porosity pamtunda wa flange-to-chubu. Zomwe zidakwaniritsidwa, koma X-ray idanenanso nkhani ina. Kukonzekera sikunali kusintha kwakukulu kwa chemistry; inali kukonzanso mawonekedwe othamanga ndi okwera kuti apange kulimba kolowera kolowera chokwera. Idawonjezera kulemera kwa kuponyedwa, komwe kasitomalayo adafunsa poyamba, koma adachotsa zolephera zamunda. Ndiko kusinthanitsa.
Ndiye pali oxide. Zomwe zili mu chromium ndi aluminiyumu zimatanthawuza kuti okusayidi yokhazikika pamwamba imapanga mwachangu. Ngati chipolopolo chanu sichiri chowuma kapena chochepa kwambiri, mungathe kutchera filimu ya okusayidi mkati mwa filimuyo, ndikupanga malo abwino oyambira kuti pakhale phokoso pansi pa njinga yamoto. Ndi chilema chachete. Mutha kuyesa kuyesa kutentha kwachipinda, koma nkhope yake imawonekera pakatha miyezi ingapo ikugwira ntchito. Zochita zathu tsopano zikuphatikiza kuwongolera mwamphamvu mame m'chipinda cha stucco ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kuwongolera pang'ono ku machitidwe a deoxidizer mu ladle, ngakhale muyenera kusamala kuti musakhudze katundu wina.
Kukanika: Kufewa Kwachinyengo
Pa pepala, Icoloy 800 sizovuta kwambiri. Koma katswiri wamakina aliyense yemwe watenga chodula chatsopano amadziwa kuti amalimbana mosiyana ndi chosapanga. Ili ndi chizolowezi choyipa chogwira ntchito molimbika, osati mofanana. Mutha kukhala mukudula kokongola, kenako ndikugunda pamalo pomwe zinthu zimawoneka zolimba, ndipo notch yanu imatha msanga. Timapanga makina ambiri opangira CNC pa QSY, matupi otembenuza ma valve, ma flanges amphero. Mfungulo yomwe tapeza ndi kusasinthasintha: chakudya chokhazikika, kuya kosasinthasintha kwa kudula, palibe pokhala.
Kuziziritsa sikungozizira pano; ndikuletsa wosanjikiza uwu kuti usamangidwe. Koma muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu woyenera. Tinachoka ku mafuta owongoka kupita ku ma emulsion apamwamba opangira mafuta okhala ndi mafuta abwinoko. Cholinga chake ndikuchotsa chip mwachangu ndikusunga kutentha kwa chigawo chodulidwa kumayendetsedwa. Lolani kutentha kwambiri, ndipo kuphulika kwa alloy kumawoneka kuti kukuchulukirachulukira, kutafuna ngakhale ma carbide omwe amapangidwira ma alloys apamwamba.
Zida za geometry ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa zitsulo zokhazikika. Chowotcha chabwino, m'mphepete mwake, ndi chophwanyira chopangira zida zopangira zingwe sizingakambirane. Tidaphunzira izi movutirapo, ndikupanga zomaliza zokongola zomwe zimabisa ming'alu yaying'ono kuti isagwedezeke chifukwa timagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyipa pang'ono kuti tipeze mphamvu. Ziwalozo zidadutsa pakuwunika koma zidalephera pakuyesa kuphulika kwa kupsinjika. Kusanthula kulephera kunalozera ku chilungamo chopangidwa ndi makina. Tsopano, tikufotokozerani njira yazida pamodzi ndi chida chokhacho chofunikira kwambiri Icoloy 800 zigawo.
The Heat Treatment Tightrope
Aliyense amadziwa kuti njira yothetsera vutoli ndiyofunika Icoloy 800 kusungunula ma carbides ndikubwezeretsanso ductility. Ma callout ambiri ndi 1100 ° C osachepera, ozizira kwambiri. Koma kufulumira ndi mawu ogwira ntchito. M'malo ogulitsa, kufulumira kumatanthauza chiyani? Kuzimitsa madzi? Kwa magawo oonda, mwina. Koma pazigawo zazikuluzikulu kapena midadada yopangidwa ndi makina, kuzimitsa madzi kumabweretsa kupsinjika kwake komwe kumatentha. Takhala ndi ziwalo zopotozedwa, osati zambiri, koma zokwanira kuti tichotse nkhope yosindikizira yolondola.
Tasunthira kwambiri pakuzimitsa mpweya wokakamiza pazinthu zathu zambiri. Zimachedwa, inde, kutanthauza kuti mukukopana ndi mvula ya carbide ngati simusamala. Choncho muyenera kulamulira nthawi kuchokera ku ng'anjo mpaka kuzimitsa, ndipo mpweya uyenera kukhala wofanana. Tidayika malo oziziritsira mpweya wokakamizidwa kuti azigwira ntchito yathu yotentha kwambiri. Inali ndalama, koma idachepetsa chiwongola dzanja chathu kuchokera pakuwonongeka kwa kutentha ndi 70% pazinthu izi. Nthawi zina kukonza ndondomeko kumakhala kofunika kwambiri kuposa kusinthanitsa zinthu.
Chinthu chinanso ndikuchepetsa nkhawa. Kwa magawo omwe amapangidwa ndi makina olemera, mpumulo wapakatikati wapakati pa 900 ° C ungalepheretse kusuntha pakumaliza komaliza. Koma muyenera kulemba sitepeyi momveka bwino. Nthawi ina tidatumiza gulu lazojambula zambiri zomwe zidasinthidwa, zomangika mwaukali, zochepetsera nkhawa, kenako zomalizidwa. Woyang'anira kasitomala adawona njira ziwiri zochitira kutentha ndikuziyika ngati kupatuka. Tidayenera kupereka ma micrograph ndi mamapu olimba kudera lonselo kuti titsimikizire kuti mawonekedwe omaliza anali olondola komanso kuti kuzungulira kwapakatikati sikunawononge katundu. Inali nkhondo yolemba mapepala pazochitika zamasitolo.
Zowopsa Zowotcherera ndi Kupanga
Opanga amakonda kuwotcherera Icoloy 800 kwa wokha kapena ku chitsulo cha carbon. Ndiwowotcherera, zedi, ndi chodzaza choyenera (monga INCO-Weld 82/182). Koma kutentha kwa preheat ndi interpass kutentha nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosasunthika. Ichi sichitsulo chofatsa. Lolani kuti zizizizira kwambiri pakati pa zidutsa, ndipo mutha kusweka mu HAZ. Timapereka zopangira zambiri zomwe zimawotchedwa mu mapaipi. Mapaketi athu a data tsopano ali ndi pepala lovomerezeka la kuwotcherera, osati chifukwa ndife akatswiri a kuwotcherera, koma chifukwa tawona zoyimba zikalakwa.
Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kuwotcherera kosiyana. Pamene inu kuwotcherera Icoloy 800 ku carbon steel, kusuntha kwa carbon kuchokera kumbali yachitsulo kupita ku alloy kungapangitse malo owonongeka. Pantchito yotentha kwambiri, zoni iyi ikhoza kulephera. Tinali ndi mlandu woti kasitomala amawotcherera manja athu a alloy thermocouple molunjika ku chotengera chachitsulo cha kaboni. Iwo unachitikira kwa chaka, ndiye losweka circumferentially pa chala weld. The metallurgy anasonyeza bwino mpweya kufalikira. Njira yothetsera sikunali kuwotcherera bwino; anali kugwiritsa ntchito chidutswa cha kusintha kapena mapangidwe osiyana palimodzi. Nthawi zina kuchepa kwa zinthuzo sikuli m'zinthu zokha, koma momwe zimalumikizirana ndi dziko lapansi.
Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) ndi chitini china cha nyongolotsi. Kodi mumachita izo? Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimafuna kuti ziwiya zokakamiza. Koma kuzungulira kwathunthu kwa PWHT kumatha kupitilira zaka Icoloy 800 chitsulo m'munsi ngati kutentha kwambiri kapena nthawi yaitali kwambiri, kufooketsa mphamvu zake zokwawa. Ndi mikangano yachikale pakati pa zofunikira zopangira zinthu ndi ntchito zanthawi yayitali. Malingaliro athu tsopano akuyenera kumveka bwino m'zolemba zathu: Nkhaniyi yathetsedwa. PWHT iliyonse yotsatila iyenera kuganizira zotsatira zazitsulo zazitsulo. Imakankhira udindo wa uinjiniya kwa wopanga ndi wopanga, pomwe uyenera kukhala.
Kupeza ndi Msampha Wofanana
Osati zonse Icoloy 800 amapangidwa mofanana. Zomwe zimapangidwa mwadzina zimakhala zololera, ndipo pomwe chinthu chimalowa mkati mwa gululo chimakhudza magwiridwe antchito. Zolemba za aluminium ndi titaniyamu, mwachitsanzo, ndizofunikira kuti pakhale bata kwanthawi yayitali pakutentha kwambiri. Timayika katundu wathu wa alloy mosamala, ndipo pazovuta kwambiri, timafotokozera kusanthula kwa kutentha kuti kukhale kocheperako, makamaka kwa aluminiyamu. Zimawononga ndalama zambiri, koma zimagula kulosera.
Msikawu uli wodzaza ndi ma aloyi ofanana, nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku mphero zatsopano. Atha kukumana ndi ASTM B409 pamapepala, koma zowunikira komanso kusungunuka zimasiyana. Tidayesa chimodzi chofanana ndi chowotcha chosafunikira kwambiri. Imagwira bwino, imapangidwa bwino. Koma muutumiki wa pafupifupi 800 ° C, udawonetsa makulitsidwe ochulukirapo kuposa momwe timayambira nthawi yomweyo. Wolakwa? Mwachidziwitso zinthu monga magnesium kapena calcium zomwe zimakhudza oxide adhesion. Sikunali kulephera, koma sikunali koyenera. Tidakhalabe ndi othandizira athu odziwika pazinthu zomwe zimafunikira kukhazikika kwapamwamba.
Apa ndipamene bwenzi la nthawi yayitali mu chain chain limafunikira. Kampani ngati QSY, yokhala ndi zaka makumi atatu pakuponya ndi kupanga ma aloyi apadera, sikungogula zitsulo; tikugula mbiri yogwira ntchito mosasinthasintha kuchokera ku mphero zathu. Tapanga magawo athu oyendetsera ntchito molingana ndi machitidwe amagiredi enaake. Kusinthira ku zofanana zosadziwika kumakhazikitsanso zonse zomwe mwaphunzira kukhala ziro, ndikubweretsa chiopsezo. Kwa ife, kudalirika kwa gawo lomaliza kwa kasitomala kuli koyenera pamalipiro akutsogolo. Ndizochepa pamtengo wamtengo wapatali pa kilo imodzi ndi zina zambiri za mtengo wonse wa kulephera m'munda.
Malingaliro Omaliza: Chisankho Chokhazikika
Choncho, ndi Icoloy 800 chuma chabwino? Mwamtheradi. Ndi kavalo wogwirira ntchito pazifukwa zina - mu machubu okonzanso, zosinthira kutentha, zida za ng'anjo. Koma si katundu. Ndi aloyi yopangidwa mwaluso yomwe imafuna njira yopangidwira. Phindu lake silimangopangidwa, koma momwe sitepe iliyonse kuchokera kusungunuka mpaka kumapeto imayendetsedwa ndikumvetsetsa zovuta zake.
Ukatswiri weniweni, m'malingaliro mwanga, uli pakudziwa nthawi yoti mugwiritse ntchito komanso momwe mungafotokozere ntchitoyo. Si nthawi zonse yankho. Pamalo owononga kwambiri, mungafunike 825 kapena 625. Kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu zotentha kwambiri, mwina 800H kapena 801. Koma kumalo okoma a kutentha kwapakati, mpweya wa carburizing/oxidizing, ndi kupanga kwabwino, ndizovuta kugonjetsa. Chinyengo ndi kulemekeza umunthu wake.
Pamapeto pake, kugwira ntchito ndi zipangizozi ndikukambirana kosalekeza pakati pa ndondomeko, ndondomeko, ndi zochitika zenizeni za utumiki. Palibe autopilot. Gulu lililonse, gawo lililonse latsopano la geometry, limasinthidwanso pang'ono. Ndicho chimene chimapangitsa kuti chikhale chosangalatsa, ndipo moona, zomwe zimasunga ubwino wa ziwalo zomwe zimathera mu zomera zomwe zikuyenda kwa zaka zambiri. Simungangoyitanitsa Icoloy 800 kuchokera pa webusayiti; muyenera kuimanga, ndi kumanga nayo, ndi maso anu otseguka ku tsatanetsatane.
