Anthu ambiri akamva za "ufa zitsulo", nthawi yomweyo amawona gawo la zida zosindikizira-ndi-sinter - zolimba, zogwira ntchito, koma kunena zoona, zamba. Ndilo lingaliro lolakwika loyamba. Chowonadi ndi chovuta kwambiri komanso chosangalatsa kwambiri. Sikuti amangopanga mawonekedwe olimba kuchokera ku ufa; ndi kukambirana kosalekeza pakati pa khalidwe lakuthupi, ndondomeko za ndondomeko, ndi zofuna zosakhululukidwa za ntchito yomaliza. Titawona mbali zikuyenda m'malo omwe amagulitsa mafakitale olemera, kusiyana pakati pa zolemba PM ndi shop-floor PM ndipamene chidziwitso chenicheni chimakhala.
The Alloy Puzzle ndi Chifukwa Chake Kupanga Sizinthu Zonse
Mumayamba ndi kusakaniza kwa ufa. Tsambali limakupatsani chitsulo, mkuwa, graphite, mwina nickel. Koma kusiyanasiyana kwachulukidwe kagawidwe ka kukula kwa tinthu kuchokera kwa ogulitsa kumatha kutaya mphamvu zanu zophatikizika. Taphunzira izi movutirapo pakutsata ma sprockets a ma conveyor system. Zomwe zidakwaniritsidwa, koma kuyenda kwake kunali kosiyana mobisa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ma gradients ang'onoang'ono akachuluke atatha kuyimba zomwe zimangowoneka pakuyesedwa kwa kutopa kwambiri. Sikunali kulephera pa seze, koma chinali chikumbutso kuti ufa ndi zinthu zamoyo, osati mankhwala.
Apa ndipamene zinachitikira ndi njira zina zopangira, monga kuyika ndalama kochitidwa ndi bwenzi lakale Malingaliro a kampani Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd., imapereka kusiyana kosangalatsa. Iwo akhala akulimbana ndi khalidwe lachitsulo chosungunuka kwa zaka zoposa makumi atatu. Kwa ife mu PM, zitsulo zathu zimakhala zolimba mpaka tikakamiza kuchita mosiyana. Ukadaulo wawo pakuumba zipolopolo ndi kupanga ndalama zokhala ndi ma aloyi apadera monga opangidwa ndi faifi tambala amatidziwitsa malingaliro athu za njira zopangira ma alloying a magawo a PM ochita bwino kwambiri. Kodi titha kukwaniritsa kubalalitsidwa kofananako kwa microstructure kudzera pakusakaniza kwapamwamba ndi kusungunula m'malo mosungunuka? Nthawi zina, koma mtengo wa trajectory ndi wosiyana.
Kusankha pakati pa pre-alloyed powder ndi elemental blend mixing ndi kuyitana kwina kwachiweruzo. Ma ufa opangidwa kale, monga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena zida zachitsulo, amakupatsirani homogeneity koma amatha kukhala gehena chifukwa cholimba. Elemental zikuphatikiza sinter mwachangu koma chiopsezo inhomogeneity ngati mkombero si bwino basi. Ndi kusinthanitsa pakati pa mtengo wokakamiza ndi mtengo wa sintering, ndipo mukuwongolera m'mphepete mwa mpeni.
Kuvina kwa Sintering: Kutentha, Atmosphere, ndi Nthawi
Sintering ndi pomwe matsenga ndi mantha zimachitika. Si ng'anjo yokhayo yokhala ndi kutentha kokhazikika. The ramp mlingo, mfundo mame a mlengalenga (kaya ndi mpweya endothermic, dissociated ammonia, kapena vacuum), ndi nthawi kutentha kupanga kukambirana ndi particles ufa. Pewani cholakwika chimodzi, ndipo mukuyang'ana gawo lomwe limakhala lolimba chifukwa chomangika bwino kapena losokonekera chifukwa chocheperako.
Ndikukumbukira pulojekiti ya chigawo cha hydraulic valve chomwe chimafuna kuphatikizika kwamphamvu ndi porosity pakuyika mafuta. Tidakhomerera kachulukidweyo titatha kuphatikizika, koma mawonekedwe a sintering anali atalikirapo pang'ono - mwachangu kwambiri. Zinapanga zotsatira za khungu zomwe zimatseka pores pamwamba nthawi isanakwane. Ziwalozo zidadutsa macheke ang'onoang'ono koma zidalephera mu labu panthawi yoyesa mafuta. Kukonza sikunali kusintha kwakukulu; kunali koyenda pang'onopang'ono, kofatsa kuti mpweya wamkati utuluke popanda kusindikiza pamwamba. Mfundo yochenjera, yokwera mtengo.
Izi zimasiyana ndi kuwongolera kolimba pakuponya. Kusakatula luso la Mtengo wa QSY pa tsamba lawo tsngtaocnc.com, kuwongolera kwawo pakukhazikika pakuyika ndalama kwa ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt ndikuyang'anira gawo lamadzimadzi. Vuto lathu mu PM sintering ndikuwongolera kufalikira kwamayiko olimba komanso nthawi zina zamadzimadzi zosakhalitsa. Cholinga chomaliza - gawo lomveka, lachitsulo cholimba kwambiri - ndilofanana, koma njira yomwe ilipo imakhala yosiyana kwambiri.
PM Akakumana ndi Machining: Chowonadi Chakumapeto
Palibe amene amakonda kuvomereza, koma lonjezo lokhala ndi ukonde la zitsulo zamafuta nthawi zambiri limabwera ndi nyenyezi. Pazinthu zovuta - ulusi, zobowoleza zolimba kwambiri, ma groove apadera - mukupita ku makina a CNC. Kuthekera kwa gawo lopindika ndi chilombo chake. Sizili ngati kukonza bala yopangidwa; porosity yotsalira imatha kukhala ngati chophwanya chip (chabwino) komanso imathandizira kuvala kwa zida (zoyipa).
Tatumiza zopanda kanthu za PM kumashopu opanga makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kapena kupanga zinthu zabodza, ndipo mayankho amakhala maphunziro nthawi zonse. The kudula magawo amafunika kusintha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake wothandizira omwe ali ndi luso lophatikizika ndi ofunika. Kampani ngati Mtengo wa QSY, yomwe imalemba makina a CNC pamodzi ndi ukadaulo wake woponya, imamvetsetsa machitidwe azinthu kuchokera kumakona angapo. Kupanga chigawo cha sintered nickel alloy kumafuna kukhudza kosiyana ndi kukonza mnzake, ngakhale zitakhala kuti zikufanana. Gawo la sinter likhoza kukhala ndi ma oxide abwino, omwazika kuchokera pamwamba pa ufa womwe wodulayo ayenera kuthana nawo.
Njira yochotsera ndalama ndiyosiyananso. The porosity imatha kutsekereza kuyeretsa media kapena zamadzimadzi, zomwe ndizovuta kwambiri pazinthu zoyera kapena zowuma. Simungangowaponyera mu tumbler yogwedezeka ndikuyitcha tsiku. Nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuyeretsa motsatizana ndi zosungunulira zenizeni komanso kuyanika mosamala.
Niche for Special Alloys ndi Complex Geometries
Apa ndipamene zitsulo za ufa zimayamba kuwala ndi kulungamitsa njira yake yovuta. Zipangizo zomwe zimakhala zovuta kapena zosatheka kuziyika kapena kupanga mawonekedwe ovuta - monga ma aloyi olemera a tungsten, kapena ma composites azitsulo achitsulo - ndi gawo lalikulu la PM. Kutha kupanga zomangira zokhazikika kapena porosity yoyendetsedwa (kwa zosefera kapena zonyamula zodzikongoletsera) ndizopadera.
Tinagwira ntchito yopangira zida zachipatala pogwiritsa ntchito aloyi ya titaniyamu. Kupanga kunali kotsika mtengo kwa voliyumu yotsika, ndipo kukonza kuchokera ku zolimba kunali kuwononga 80% yazinthu zodula. Metal Injection Molding (MIM), yosiyana ndi PM, inali yankho. Zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta, mawonekedwe achilengedwe okhala ndi makoma owonda, chinthu chomwe chingakhale chovuta ngakhale kuponya bwino ndalama. Kuyimbako kumayenera kuchitidwa pamalo opanda phokoso, ndipo kupotoza kunali nkhondo, koma kunagwira ntchito. Ndi m'makona awa amakampani omwe PM amapeza malo ake otetezedwa kwambiri.
Kuyang'ana pa zinthu mndandanda kuchokera foundry ngati Mtengo wa QSY-chitsulo choponyedwa, chitsulo, chosapanga dzimbiri, cobalt ndi nickel alloys - ndi chikumbutso kuti njira iliyonse imajambula malo ake. Kwa ma voliyumu apamwamba, magawo achitsulo osavuta, makina osindikizira-ndi-sinter PM ndiovuta kuthana nawo pamtengo. Kwa ma aloyi owoneka bwino kwambiri m'mawonekedwe ovuta, pomwe mtengo wazinthu umachulukira, PM kapena MIM yapamwamba imapikisana mwachindunji ndi kuponya ndalama. Chisankhochi chimaphatikizapo voliyumu, geometry, zinthu, ndi zofunikira za katundu. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala yankho limodzi lodziwikiratu.
Malingaliro Omaliza: Ndi Njira Yosinthira Nthawi Zonse
Chifukwa chake, zitsulo za ufa si ntchito yoyika-ndi-kuyiwala. Ndi dongosolo. Kusintha kwa mtundu wamafuta, kusintha kwa madigiri 10 m'malo otentha a ng'anjo, ufa watsopano - chilichonse mwa izi chikhoza kusokoneza zotsatira zake. Ukatswiri wagona pakupanga njira yolimba yomwe imatha kuyamwa kusiyanasiyana kwazing'onozi komanso kukhala ndi luso lozindikira zomwe zidalakwika pamene gulu lazimitsidwa.
Ndizochepa zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwachisinthiko komanso zambiri zowonjezera, zomwe zapambana movutikira. Kodi titha kupeza kachulukidwe ka 0.5% popanda kuwonjezera matani atolankhani? Kodi tingachepetse nthawi ya sintering ndi 5% popanda kuvulaza kulimba? Uwu ndiye mphesa yatsiku ndi tsiku. Sizowoneka bwino, koma mukakhala ndi gawo lomwe limagwira ntchito mosalakwitsa popanikizika, podziwa mayendedwe aliwonse omwe adatenga kuchokera ku ufa wotayirira kupita ku gawo lomaliza, kukhutira ndi konkire. Ndi umboni wowongolera chipwirikiti, tinthu tating'ono tating'onoting'ono kamodzi.
Malo nawonso ndi amodzi mwa mgwirizano. Chidziwitso chochokera kuzinthu zoyambira, kuchokera kwa akatswiri opanga makina, kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto onse amabwereranso kupanga magawo abwino a PM. Ndilo gawo lopitilira la sayansi yazinthu komanso kuthana ndi zovuta pashopu. Umenewo, koposa chirichonse, ndiwo mtima wa ntchitoyo.
