Anthu ambiri akamva 'makina olondola a CNC', nthawi yomweyo amaganiza za kulolerana kolimba - mukudziwa, manambala ±0.001 awo amapakidwa patsamba lonse. Ndilo gawo lake, zedi, koma ndi gawo losavuta kulonjeza ndipo nthawi zambiri ndilovuta kwambiri kuti lipereke nthawi zonse, makamaka mukamagwira ntchito ndi ma geometries ovuta kapena zinthu zotentha ngati Inconel. Kulondola kwenikweni sikungobwereza makinawo; Zili mumndandanda wonse wazinthu - kuyambira momwe mumamasulira zojambulazo, mpaka njira yanu yosinthira, mpaka pakuwongolera kukulitsa kwamafuta m'sitolo masana otentha. Ndawona ntchito zambiri zomwe zigawo zake zimayezera bwino pa CMM koma zimalephera kusonkhana chifukwa wina adapanga zinthu zonse kuchokera pamadatum amodzi osaganizira momwe gawolo limagwiritsidwira ntchito. Uwu ndi mtundu wina wolondola, womwe suupeza papepala.
Zinthu Zofunika Ndiye Makasitomala Oyamba
Mutha kukhala ndi mphero yabwino kwambiri ya 5-axis padziko lapansi, koma ngati mumachita zosapanga 17-4 PH monga momwe mumachitira 6061 aluminiyamu, muli m'dziko lopweteka. Apa ndipamene zinachitikira, kapena m'malo, zochitika zenizeni, zimakhala zosakanjanitsika. Timathamanga kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane CNC Machining pazitsulo zapadera - zopangidwa ndi nickel, cobalt zamagulu amphamvu ndi zamlengalenga. Zida izi zimagwira ntchito molimba m'kuphethira. Njira yanu yazida, chakudya, liwiro, komanso mtundu wa jiometri yoyika zimayenera kukhala pazokambirana nthawi zonse ndi zinthuzo. Kugwedezeka pang'ono komwe munganyalanyaze muzitsulo kumatha kuwononga ndalama zokwana $200 ku Hastelloy. Sizokhudza mphamvu yankhanza komanso kumeta mosasinthasintha. Mumaphunzira kuwerenga tchipisi - mtundu wawo ndi mawonekedwe amakuwuzani kuposa sensa iliyonse nthawi zina.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake mbiri ya shopu ili yofunika. Malo omwe akhala zaka zambiri akusewera, monga Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mwendo mmwamba pankhani yokonza makina. Iwo sali kungowona billet; amamvetsetsa kapangidwe ka tirigu, zomwe zingaphatikizidwe, komanso kupsinjika maganizo kuchokera kumtunda wakumtunda. Kupanga chigawo cha cast sikufanana ndi kukonza bala yopangidwa. Mungafunike kutenga chopepuka choyamba kuti 'mupeze' malo enieni, kapena kusintha njira yanu kuti mukhale ndi gawo la porous. Chidziwitso chamtunduwu chimaphikidwa zaka zopitilira 30, ndipo chimakhudza kulondola kwa gawo lomaliza lopangidwa ndi makina.
Ndimakumbukira ntchito ya turbine yochokera ku aloyi ya cobalt. Kusindikizaku kunkafuna kuti galasi lomaliza panjira yamkati. Tinakhomerera misomali, koma mapeto ake anali aang'ono, kusonyeza misozi yaing'ono. Nkhani yake? Tinali kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya zida ndi kuzizira kozizira kokometsedwa kwa zosapanga dzimbiri. Zinatenga mlungu woyesera, kusinthira ku makina ozizirirapo othamanga kwambiri kudzera mu-spindle okhala ndi mafuta osakanikirana, komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri chakudya chamagulu pamapeto omaliza kuti athetse magalasi. 'Kulondola' apa kunali kokhudzana ndi kukhulupirika kwapamtunda monga momwe zinalili zolondola. Makinawa amatha kuchita, koma chidziwitso cha njirayo chinapangitsa kuti chitheke.
Kumene Kutaya Kumakumana ndi Machining: The Critical Handoff
Ili ndi vuto lalikulu, lomwe nthawi zambiri limanyalanyazidwa. Sitolo yomwe imangochita CNC makina amapeza kuponya ndipo akhoza kungoyidula ndikuyamba kudula. Koma mumakhazikitsa kuti datum yanu yoyamba? Ngati kuponyerako kuli ndi kapindika kakang'ono kapena kopanda kofunikira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nkhope yochepetsera, mutha kuyika gawo lomwe lili ndi gawo lomwe lilibe ntchito. Kulondola kumayenera kuyamba chida choyamba chisanakhudze gawolo.
Ntchito zophatikizika zili ndi mwayi waukulu. Ku QSY, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito chipolopolo / kuyika ndalama komanso kukonza m'nyumba, cholemberacho chimapangidwira. Atha kuyika ma locator pads kapena zida za datum zomwe sizigwira ntchito koma zabwino pakukhazikitsa makina. Amamvetsetsa zololeza zocheperako ndipo amatha kukonzekera CNC kuti ibwezere. Njira yophatikizira iyi ndikusintha kwamasewera pazinthu zovuta. Wopanga makina sakulimbana ndi kuponya; akugwirizana nazo. Ndawonapo izi zimachepetsa mitengo yamtengo wapatali pazigawo zamtengo wapatali za aloyi ndi 30% kapena kupitirira apo, chifukwa chakuti gulu lopanga makina linali lokhazikika panthawi yowunikira.
Chitsanzo chothandiza: gulu la valve logwiritsira ntchito pansi pa nyanja. Unali duplex zosapanga dzimbiri zopangira ndalama. Mbali yofunika kwambiri inali nkhope yosindikizira ndi chitsanzo cha bolo. Popanga chikombole choponyera kuti mzere wolekanitsa ndi khomo lolowera lisiyike pamalo oyera, osinthika ndendende pomwe CNC imayenera kupeza, tidasunga machitidwe awiri okhazikitsira. Chofunika kwambiri, tinaonetsetsa kuti makulidwe a khoma mozungulira madokowo anali ofanana molunjika kuchokera pazitsulo, kotero kuti kudulidwa komaliza kunali kochepa komanso kupsinjika maganizo. Kulondola kunamangidwa kuchokera pa sitepe imodzi.
The Tooling & Fixturing Mindset
Lankhulani ndi katswiri aliyense wodziwa makinawo, ndipo adzakuuzani kuti makinawo ndi abwino ngati omwe akugwira gawolo ndi chida. Za makina olondola, makamaka mu ntchito yotsika kwambiri, yosakanikirana kwambiri, kukonza modular ndi mfumu. Koma sikuti kungogula zida zabwino zokha ayi. Ndi za kupanga zida zomwe zimalemekeza kuuma kwa gawolo, kupereka mwayi kwa zida, ndipo, makamaka, kulola kukula kwamafuta kodziwikiratu. Zida za aluminiyamu zimakula pamlingo wosiyana ndi zida zachitsulo - muyenera kuyankha ngati mukuyenda mozungulira komanso kutentha kwa shopu kumakwera.
Nthawi ina tidadula mphete zosindikizira zazitali zazikulu chifukwa tidagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cholimba kwambiri. Idagwira gawolo mwamphamvu kotero kuti titayitulutsa titatha kupanga makina, kupsinjika kwamkati kuchokera ku clamping kunapangitsa kuti ituluke mokwanira kuti isayende bwino. Kodi tikuphunzirapo chiyani? Kukonzekera kuyenera kukhala kolondola, koma kuyeneranso kukhala kwachifundo. Nthawi zina, chochepetsera chocheperako kapena chithandizo chanzeru chimakhala 'cholondola' padziko lenileni kusiyana ndi kusakhazikika.
Kusankha zida ndi dzenje lina la akalulu. Kwa ma aloyi otenthetsera kwambiri, ndasiya kuthamangitsa carbide yatsopano kwambiri, yopakidwa bwino kwambiri. Nthawi zina, giredi yokhululukira kwambiri yokhala ndi gawo lolimba, yoyendetsedwa mokhazikika, imapereka zotsatira zabwino zonse komanso moyo wa zida. Kulondola kumachokera ku kusasinthika, osati kuchita bwino kwambiri. Ngati chida chikayamba kunyonyotsoka mosayembekezereka, mutha kuchikonzekera. Ngati sichikanika mwatsoka, mwataya gawolo, chidacho, mwinanso chokonzeracho. Ndimasunga chipika cha zida zosiyanasiyana - osati kuthamanga ndi kudyetsa kokha, koma mtundu wa zida ndi geometry zidapereka mawonekedwe odziwikiratu kwambiri pamavalidwe. Ndi data yeniyeni, yotheka kuti igwire ntchito yolondola.
Kuyeza Zomwe Zimafunika (Ndi Kudziwa Chifukwa)
Nayi vuto lodziwika bwino: kuyeza kwambiri. Mutha kupeza lipoti loyang'anira nkhani yoyamba yomwe ili ndi masamba 10, kuyang'ana gawo lililonse pazomwe zasindikizidwa. Koma kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti ntchitoyi ikugwira ntchito? Osati nthawi zonse. Luso lenileni ndikuzindikira makulidwe ofunikira-to-function (CTF) ndikuwunikira njira yanu yoyezera pamenepo. Kodi kuyitanitsa kwa ± 0.0005 pa cosmetic flange ndikofunikira, kapena kunangokopedwa kuchokera pachithunzi chakale? Nthawi zambiri, kukambirana ndi injiniya ndikofunika kwambiri kuposa lipoti la CMM.
Mwachitsanzo, pa nyumba ya mpope yomwe timapanga kuchokera ku chitsulo chotayira, chowonadi 'cholondola' chinali kulondola komanso kulondola kwamalo kwa zibowo zonyamulira zogwirizana wina ndi mzake, osati kuchuluka kwake kokwanira mpaka decimal yachinayi. Tinagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zathu kuwonetsetsa kuti khwekhwe ndi njira ya zida zimatsimikizira ubale umenewo, ngakhale zitatanthauza kulola mbali yakunja yosafunikira kukhala kumapeto kwa gulu lake lololera. Njira yogwirira ntchito iyi yolondola imapulumutsa nthawi ndi mtengo popanda kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito.
Izi zikugwirizana ndi kukhala ndi mawonekedwe athunthu. Kampani yomwe imamvetsetsa momwe gawolo likugwiritsidwira ntchito, monga lomwe lakhala likuponya ndi CNC makina kwa zaka zambiri, ndi bwino kukhala ndi zokambiranazi. Ayenera kuti adawona momwe zigawozo zimagwiritsidwira ntchito m'munda. Amatha kuyang'ana zojambula ndikudziwa mwachibadwa kuti ndi miyeso iti 'yopanga' ndi yomwe ili 'yogwira ntchito.' Kuyitanira kwachiweruzo kumeneko ndi njira yolondola yomwe sigwiritsa ntchito micrometer.
The Human Factor in Digital process
Pomaliza, tisalole kuti makina azikonda. Precision CNC Machining imayendetsedwa ndi code, koma imayang'aniridwa ndi anthu. Wopanga mapulogalamu omwe amawonjezera radius ya 0.5mm pamizu ya ngodya yakuthwa yamkati chifukwa amadziwa kuti ndizomwe zimasokoneza pagulu logwedezeka. Wogwiritsa ntchito yemwe akumva kusintha pang'ono pamawu odulira ndikuyimitsa kaye kuti awone chida, ngakhale chowunikira sichinapunthwe. Woyang'anira wabwino yemwe akumva chikhadabo ndi zikhadabo zomwe dongosolo la masomphenya linaphonya.
Chidziwitso chosonkhanitsidwa, chachinsinsi ichi ndi gawo lomaliza la kulondola. Ndi zomwe zimatembenuza gawo labwino kukhala lodalirika. Simungathe kuyitsitsa kapena kuyipanga pamakina atsopano. Zimabwera chifukwa chogwira ntchito masauzande ambiri, kulakwitsa, ndi kuphunzira kuchokera kwa iwo. Ndicho chifukwa chake mbiri ya sitolo - monga ulendo wa zaka 30 wa QSY kuchokera ku makina - ndi chuma chogwirika. Kukhala ndi moyo wautali kumatanthawuza kuti asintha machitidwe m'mabanja azinthu ndi machitidwe amakampani. Mwina adakukonzeranipo gawo lanu m'mbuyomu, ngakhale zojambulazo zitakhala zatsopano.
Kotero pamene mukuyang'ana mnzanu woti agwire ntchito yolondola, yang'anani kupyola pa mndandanda wa makina. Funsani za magazini awo azinthu, malingaliro awo okonzekera, momwe amachitira ndi kusintha kwa makina, ndi momwe zolemba zawo zolephera zimawonekera. Kulondola kwenikweni kuli m'malingaliro omwe ali kumbuyo kwa chida, osati njira yokhayokha. Ndi njira yosokonekera, yobwerezabwereza, yozama yamunthu yothetsa mavuto, pomwe makinawo ndi chida chimodzi champhamvu kwambiri m'bokosi.
