Mukamva 'kulowetsa vavu', anthu ambiri amajambula mphete yachitsulo yopanikizidwa pamutu wa silinda. Ndilo tanthauzo la buku, koma limaphonya tanthauzo lake. M'machitidwe, ndi mawonekedwe pakati pa kuyaka mkwiyo ndi dongosolo lamakina, ndipo kulakwitsa ndikokwera mtengo. Ndawonapo mapulojekiti ambiri amawatenga ngati gawo lazachuma, kungoyang'anizana ndi kuvala msanga kapena kugwa kwa mipando yowopsa. Zoona zake n'zakuti, kagwiridwe kake ka ntchito kumadalira pa trifecta: kugwirizanitsa zinthu, kupanga molondola, ndi kusintha komwe nthawi zambiri kumamanyalanyazidwa. Sichigawo chabe; ndi kudzipereka kwa moyo wa injini.
Conundrum Yazinthu: Sizokhudza Kuuma Kokha
Kutola aloyi kwa a kuyika valavu amamva ngati kuchita bwino. Mufunika kulimba kuti mupewe kuvala, koma ductility yokwanira kuti muzitha kuyendetsa njinga yamoto popanda kusweka. Kuponya chitsulo? Zabwino pamtengo, zabwino pamapulogalamu ena a dizilo. Koma pa chilichonse chochita bwino kwambiri kapena chosakaniza chowonda, mukuyang'ana zitsulo za ufa kapena ma aloyi apadera. Ndikukumbukira gulu la kompresa ya gasi wachilengedwe pomwe zitsulo zokhazikika zidakokoloka m'miyezi ingapo. Wolakwa? Tsatirani hydrogen sulfide mu gasi. Tidasinthira ku aloyi yopangidwa ndi faifi tambala kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ngati Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), amene adziŵa zambiri ndi zipangizo zapadera zimenezo, ndipo vutolo linatheratu. Phunzirolo silinali la zinthu zovuta kwambiri, koma zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ku chilengedwe.
Ndiye pali choyezera chowonjezera cha kutentha. Iyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi mutu wa silinda - nthawi zambiri aluminiyamu masiku ano. Kusagwirizana kumatanthauza kuti choyikacho chimamasuka pakatentha, kutaya kutentha ndikupangitsa kutentha kwambiri. Ndidayeza mitu yomwe mipando idasokonekera pambuyo poyesa kuzungulira kwa kutentha, zonse chifukwa cha kusiyana kwapang'onopang'ono pakukulitsa. Simungangoyang'ana pa pepala; nthawi zina muyenera kufotokoza ndi kuyesa.
Apa ndi pamene kudziwa zitsulo za foundry ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kampani ngati QSY, yomwe ili ndi zaka 30 ikuponya, imamvetsetsa kuti chemistry yosungunuka, kuziziritsa pakukhazikika kwa kuyika valavu kuponyera, zonse zimakhudza dongosolo lomaliza lambewu. Inu simukugula mawonekedwe; mukugula mbiri yakale yomwe imalamula magwiridwe antchito.
Kulondola Sikukambitsirana: Kuvina kwa Machining
Kuponya kumakuyandikirani, koma kukanika kumakufikitsani pamenepo. OD yosokoneza, ma angles (nthawi zambiri madigiri 45, koma nthawi zina 30), concentricity - micron iliyonse imawerengera. Ndagwira ntchito ndi mashopu a CNC omwe amawaona ngati njira yosavuta yosinthira, ndipo kugwa kwake ndikosagwirizana ndi kukakamiza kokwanira. Njira ya QSY yophatikizira kuponya ndalama ndi makina a CNC m'nyumba ndizomveka apa. Kukhala ndi kuponyera ndi kukonza pansi pa denga limodzi kumachepetsa kusiyana koyambira. Kuponyedwa ndi mluza, ndipo makina a CNC ndiye kumaliza sukulu.
Mdierekezi weniweni ali kumapeto kwa OD. Zosalala kwambiri, ndipo sizisunga kusokoneza koyenera pansi pa kupsinjika kwa kutentha; mwaukali kwambiri, ndipo mungakhale pachiwopsezo cha kukwiya mukamasindikiza kapena ming'alu yaying'ono m'mutu. Pali mtengo wa Ra womwe mukufuna, ndipo sizomwe mumapeza m'mabuku aukadaulo. Ndi chidziwitso cha mafuko, nthawi zambiri amayengedwa kudzera mu zitsanzo zolephera. Nthawi ina tinali ndi batch yomwe idakanikiza mokongola koma idayamba kuziziritsa pambuyo poyesa injini ya dyno. Choyambitsa chinali chizindikiro cha zida pa OD chomwe chidapanga njira yotayikira yaying'ono pambuyo pa njinga yamoto yotentha.
Ndipo tiyeni tikambirane za mpando. Kuyikako kukanikizidwa, nthawi zambiri mumayenera kudula mpando wa valve mwachindunji. Kuthekera kwa zinthu zoyikapo ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ngati ndi yolimba kwambiri kapena yopweteka kwambiri, imadya zida zodulira ndipo imawononga umphumphu pampando womaliza. Othandizana nawo abwino adzapereka zoikamo mumkhalidwe womwe ukukongoletsedwa pa sitepe yomaliza yopangira makinawa-nthawi zina kutenthetsa kutentha, osati mkhalidwe wovuta kwambiri.
Vuto Lokhazikitsa: Kukanikiza Zinthu
Apa ndi pamene nthawi zambiri zolephera za m'munda zimayambira. Chiphunzitso chake ndi chosavuta: kuziziritsa choyikapo, mwina kutentha mutu, ndikuchikanikiza mkati. Mchitidwewu ndi wosokoneza. Kuzizira kosagwirizana kwa choyikapo kungayambitse kusokoneza chisanalowe m'bowo. Ngati simukugwiritsa ntchito chowongolera, chosindikizira cha arbor ndikudalira chiwopsezo kapena nkhokwe yolakwika ya hydraulic, mukufunsa vuto. Ndawonapo zolowetsa zimalowa mkati mwa cocked, kugwedeza mutu ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale malo ofooka omwe pamapeto pake amalephera chifukwa cha kutopa.
Nambala zosokoneza ndi chitsogozo, osati uthenga wabwino. The kwenikweni anaboola awiri a mutu, pambuyo Machining, ali kulolerana kwake. Mumafunika njira yosankha nthawi zina—kusankha zoyikapo m’magulu akulu kuti zifanane ndi mikwingwirima yoyezera. Ndizotopetsa koma zimalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri zosindikizira, zomwe zimatha kusokoneza mutu wofewa wa aluminiyumu kuzungulira kuyika valavu mthumba. Kupotoza kumeneko kungathe kupukuta ndondomeko yanu ya valve.
Cholakwika chofala, chomveka bwino ndikuyeretsa bore ndikuyika OD bwino. Kachidutswa kakang'ono kachitsulo kamene kamametedwa kapena fumbi kamakhala ngati mafuta pamene akukanikizira, kumachepetsa kwambiri kusokoneza komwe kumapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke pambuyo pake. Protocol iyenera kukhala yopangira opaleshoni: yoyera, yoyera, kenako kuyeretsanso ndi zosungunulira zoyenera, zogwiridwa ndi magolovesi oyera.
Zinthu Zikavuta: Njira Yowunikira
Kulephera kusanthula mpando wagwa kapena kutayikira kuyika valavu ndi ntchito yazamalamulo. Kodi chinali cholakwika? Yang'anani mavalidwe achilendo, zizindikiro za kuvala zomatira kapena zowotcherera zazing'ono. Kodi inali vuto la makina? Yang'anani cholakwika cha concentricity pakati pa choyikapo OD ndi nkhope yomalizidwa yampando. Chizindikiro choyimba chimatha kunena nkhani yomveka bwino. Ndikukumbukira nthawi yomwe mpando udali wokhazikika pa ID ya choyikapo, koma OD yakeyo idapangidwa kuchokera pakati pa ID. Izi zikutanthauza kuti makulidwe a khoma amasiyanasiyana, kupanga malo opsinjika kwambiri omwe amasweka pansi pa kutentha.
Nthawi zina kulephera kumakhala kosalunjika. Kusasunthika kosakwanira kwa kutentha kuchokera ku valavu kudzera mu choyikapo kumutu kumayambitsa kuyaka kwa valve. Mukuthamangitsa vuto la vavu, koma muzu wake ndi choyikapo chomwe sichimalumikizana bwino kapena kulumikizidwa kolakwika. Kujambula kotentha kapena kungoyang'ana kusinthika komwe kumapezeka pamutu kuzungulira choyikapo kungakhale kopatsa.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kufufuza kuli kofunika. Kudziwa sungunula mtanda, machining lot, ngakhale woyendetsa kusintha kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu si bureaucracy; ndi momwe mumalekanitsira mavuto. Wothandizira wokhala ndi njira zophatikizika ngati kuponya chipolopolo, kuponya ndalama,ndi CNC makina pansi pa gulu limodzi, momwe QSY imagwirira ntchito, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi njira zotsatirika bwino kuposa ma chain chain ogawika pakati pa mavenda angapo.
Zomwe Zikuchitika: Osatinso Zowotcha
Ngakhale injini zoyatsira mkati ndi nyumba yachikale yoyika ma valve, mfundo yake ikusamuka. Ndikuwona zoyikamo zofananira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mavavu owongolera amadzimadzi othamanga kwambiri, m'manyumba a kompresa, kulikonse komwe mpando wosavala umayenera kuyikidwa munyumba yofewa kapena yotsika mtengo. Zofunikira zimasintha-mwina kukana kwa dzimbiri kumadutsa mphamvu yotentha kwambiri ngati dalaivala wamkulu.
Izi zimakulitsa phale lazinthu kwambiri. Ma aloyi opangidwa ndi cobalt akukokoloka koopsa, super duplex zosapanga dzimbiri zokhala ndi chloride. Vuto la kupanga lidakalipo: kupeza zodalirika, zosokoneza zosokoneza pakati pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Zomwe taphunzira mu injini zimagwirabe ntchito, koma pepala lodziwika bwino limakhala lachilendo. Imakankhira maziko ndi makina kuti asinthe awo chipolopolo nkhungu kuponyera njira ndi njira tooling aloyi latsopanoli, amene angakhale chodziwika bwino zovuta makina mu boma awo owumitsidwa.
Kotero, nthawi ina mukamatchula a kuyika valavu, ganizirani mopitirira malire. Mukunena za dongosolo lazinthu, geometry yolondola, ndi njira yoyika. Ndi gawo laling'ono lomwe lili ndi udindo waukulu. Kuzikonza ndi uinjiniya wopanda phokoso; kulakwitsa ndi mokweza, mokwera mtengo. Kusiyanitsa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuyanjana ndi opanga zinthu omwe amawona osati gawo losindikizidwa, koma ngati mawonekedwe ovuta, opangidwa ndi makina omwe kupanga kumafuna kulamulira pa sitepe iliyonse, kuchokera ku ng'anjo mpaka kudulidwa komaliza.
