Iyo ubonye ijambo ryishakisha nka '17 4 ph gushora imari ', biroroshye gutekereza ko arikindi kintu cyerekana urupapuro rwinjira. Mubyukuri, ni amagambo ahinnye y'ibibazo byose hamwe n'ibyemezo hasi yububiko. Abantu benshi batanga amasoko cyangwa naba injeniyeri bato batekereza kwerekana 17-4 PH, cyangwa 17-4PH ibyuma bitagira umwanda, nigisubizo kimwe cyo gukenera imbaraga nyinshi no kurwanya ruswa. Bakunze kubura imiterere ikomeye ya H-uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe-nibintu byose. Nabonye ibicapo biza kuvuga gusa 17-4 PH gushora imari, kandi niho ikiganiro nyacyo, kandi rimwe na rimwe kubabara umutwe.
Ikibazo Cyibanze: Byose bijyanye na H900, H1025, cyangwa H1100
Ntabwo utera 17-4 PH gusa; urajugunya hanyuma ushushe ubivure kumiterere yihariye kugirango ubone imitungo ukeneye. Nibibanza byambere byingenzi mumuhanda. Imiterere ya as-cast ni igisubizo gifatanye (Imiterere A). Nibyoroshye byoroshye, birashobora gukoreshwa, ariko ntibifite imbaraga zizwi cyane zimvura. Uburozi bubaho nyuma yubushyuhe buke bwo kuvura ubushyuhe. H900 iguha imbaraga zidasanzwe, gusunika ksi 190, ariko birarenze kandi idubu kumashini. H1150 itanga ubukana bwiza no kurwanya ruswa, ariko ucuruza igice kinini cyizo mbaraga.
Guhitamo ibintu bitari byiza kubisabwa ni ibintu bisanzwe, ikosa rihenze. Ndibuka umushinga wibice byo mu nyanja aho uwashushanyije, yashizwe ku mbaraga, yerekanye H900. Igice cyatsinze ibizamini bya laboratoire byose ariko birananirana mu murima kubera guhangayika kwangirika muri ubwo buryo bwihariye-bukomeye. Tugomba kongera guta no kongera gushyushya kuvura icyiciro cyose kugeza H1150, cyakemuye ikibazo cyumurima ariko kidindiza umushinga amezi. Isomo? Kurwanya ruswa ya 17-4 PH ni ibintu biterwa cyane, ntabwo ari umubare uhamye.
Aha niho gukorana na fondasiyo yumva metallurgie, ntabwo ari kubumba gusa, ntibishobora kuganirwaho. Iduka nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka mirongo itatu muri gushora imari no gutunganya, mubisanzwe abona ibi. Ntabwo bari gusuka ibyuma gusa no kubyohereza. Inzira zabo zirimo porotokore nyuma yo guta ubushyuhe, kandi birashoboka ko bazashyiraho ibendera rituzuye hakiri kare. Urashobora kubona uburyo bwabo kubikoresho, harimo amavuta yihariye, kurubuga rwabo kuri tsingtaocnc.com. Nubumenyi buhurijwe hamwe bwo gutara no gutunganya amashyanyarazi bitandukanya utanga ibice numufatanyabikorwa wubwubatsi.
Kwinjira, Kugaburira, hamwe nintambara ya Shrinkage
Kwimuka uva mubyuma ugana mubibumbano, 17-4 PH irerekana uburyo bwayo bwo gutora. Ifite igabanuka rikomeye ryo kugabanuka. Niba sisitemu ya gating na riser (feder) idakozwe neza, uzabona kugabanuka kwinshi, mubisanzwe mubice byanyuma kugirango ushikame nkibice byimbitse cyangwa amasangano. Ntabwo ari inenge yo hejuru ushobora gusya; ni imbere kandi izica igice cyubukanishi bwigice, cyane cyane munsi yumunaniro.
Ibi twabyize dukoresheje umusaruro ubabaza, mato mato mato akoreshwa mu kirere. Uburinganire bwa geometrie bwari bufite uburebure bwurukuta. Icyitegererezo cya mbere cyasaga neza. Igenzura rya X-ray, ryerekanye urusobe rwa micro-shrinkage muri hub rwagati. Utubari tensile twaciwe muri kariya gace tunaniwe kuburyo bugaragara munsi ya spec. Ikibazo? Ibiharuro byacu byo kugaburira bisanzwe, byakoraga neza kuri 316 bitagira umwanda, ntibyari bihagije kugirango bikomere biranga 17-4. Tugomba kongera gushushanya imiterere y'ibiti byose, tukongeramo ibyago byinshi kandi tugakoresha padiri ya exothermic kugirango ibyuma bishyushye igihe kirekire muri zone zikomeye. Yongereye igihombo ku giti ariko ikiza ibice.
Aka ni akandi gace aho uburambe hamwe nibintu byihariye bifatika. Sisitemu isanzwe yububiko bwa sisitemu irashobora gukenera guhindurwa - wenda ubundi buryo butandukanye cyangwa stucco - kugirango ikemure ubushyuhe bwumuriro wiyi mavuta. Rusange Igikonoshwa inzira ntabwo ihagije; bigomba kuba inzira ihujwe nicyuma gikomera imvura.
Imashini ikubiyemo: Ntugapfobye
Hano hari ukuri gufatika hafi ya 17-4 PH ishoramari rizahura naryo: rikeneye gutunganya. Ibice bike cyane ni net-shusho. Ufite gukuraho amarembo, kurangiza hejuru, hamwe no gutunganya datum ikomeye. Kandi nkuko byavuzwe, gutunganya ubukana biratandukanye cyane nuburyo ibintu bimeze. Gukora ibintu byoroheje Imiterere A biroroshye, ariko rero urashyuha kuvura, kandi igice kizagoreka. Rimwe na rimwe byateganijwe, rimwe na rimwe ntabwo.
Ubundi buryo ni imashini muburyo bukomeye (urugero, H900). Ibi bihenze, bitinda, nubugome kubikoresho. Urimo kureba CNC igoye, karbide nziza cyangwa ibikoresho bya CBN, hamwe nigiciro gito cyo kugaburira. Icyitegererezo cyibiciro kirahinduka rwose. Iyi niyo mpamvu QSY ihuriweho hamwe gushora imari na Imashini ya CNC munsi yinzu imwe ninyungu yumvikana. Barashobora gutegura urutonde rwose rwo gukora. Bakora imashini ikarishye mumiterere A, gusiga ububiko, kuvura ubushyuhe, hanyuma kurangiza imashini? Cyangwa barashira kumurongo hafi ya net na mashini byose nyuma yo gukomera? Icyo cyemezo kigira ingaruka kubiciro, kuyobora umwanya, kandi cyane cyane, kwihanganira igice cya nyuma cya geometrie.
Nagize uruhare mu mishinga aho imashini zahingwaga mu iduka ryabandi bantu batamenyereye gukomera 17-4. Ibisubizo byavanyweho ibice kubera kutarangiza neza hejuru, micro-crack zatewe no gukora imashini zikaze, hamwe nuburyo budahwitse. Kuzana urunigi rwose rw'agaciro, cyangwa byibuze intambwe ikomeye yo guta-ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya-gutunganya, kugenzurwa bihujwe ni kugabanya ingaruka zikomeye.
Gushakisha Ibikoresho no Gukurikirana: Ntabwo 17-4 Byose bingana
Ibi birashobora kumvikana nkibanze, ariko ubuziranenge butangirana no gushonga. 17-4 PH ni izina rya UNS (S17400), ariko chimie nyirizina iri murwego rushobora kugira ingaruka, gukomera, hamwe nibintu byanyuma. Ibintu nkumuringa, niobium, hamwe nuburinganire bwa chromium na nikel bigomba kugenzurwa cyane. Uruganda rushonga ububiko bwarwo rwemewe cyangwa rugasubira munsi yikirere rugenzurwa bitandukanye no kugura ibicuruzwa bitemewe ku isoko.
Kubisabwa byose, ukeneye raporo ya chimie yuzuye na raporo yikizamini cya mashini uhereye kubushyuhe nyabwo. Nibikorwa bisanzwe mubikorwa byumwuga. Ubushobozi bwo gutanga uru rwego rwinyandiko ni ituze ryerekana uburemere bwumushinga. Iyo usuzumye utanga ibintu nkibyo byavuzwe, ibikorwa byabo byigihe kirekire byerekana ko bubatse sisitemu kubwibi. Kurenza imyaka 30, ushobora kumenya ibikoresho biva hamwe no kugenzura ibintu byinshi, cyangwa ntugume mubucuruzi bukorera abakiriya binganda.
Byongeye kandi, kubice byo mu kirere, kwirwanaho, cyangwa ibinyabiziga bikora cyane, ibisabwa akenshi bigera no kugenzura ingano y’ingano, kugenzura amaradiyo ku bipimo byihariye (nka ASTM E192), ndetse no gupima ruswa. Kugaragaza 17-4 ya PH ishoramari ni umurongo ufungura inyandiko ndende ya tekiniki ndende igenga ibi byose.
Igihe cyo kuyikoresha, nigihe cyo kureba ahandi
Noneho, nyuma yibi byose, nihehe 17-4 ya PH ishoramari ryumvikana? Nibyiza kubice bikenera imbaraga nini-yuburemere, imbaraga zumunaniro mwiza, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa neza mubidukikije bidakabije kurenza ibyo byasaba super austenitis cyangwa nikel ishingiye kuri nikel. Tekereza ibyuma bya turbine, imashini zipompa, imibiri ya valve, ibikoresho byimbunda, nibice byo kubaga. Yuzuza icyuho hagati ya 300-serie isanzwe idafite ingese kandi ihenze cyane cobalt cyangwa nikel.
Ariko ntabwo ari ukuzamura isi yose. Niba igice cyawe gifite ibisabwa bikabije (urugero, kwibiza mumazi yumunyu), duplex idafite ibyuma cyangwa nikel yo hejuru irashobora kuba nziza. Niba ukeneye ubukana bukabije kubushyuhe bwa cryogenic, reba ahandi. Niba geometrie igoye cyane kuburyo kugoreka uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bidashobora gucungwa, ushobora guhatirwa gukoresha imashini ikora cyane-austenitike idafite aho kuba.
Ikintu cyingenzi cyaturutse kumyaka yo guhangana niki nuko 17-4 PH ishora imari ari urunigi, ntabwo ari ibikoresho. Irasaba kubahiriza imikoranire hagati ya metallurgie, inganda zubatswe, siyanse yo kuvura ubushyuhe, hamwe no gutunganya neza. Kubyumva neza birasa nkintsinzi nto buri gihe. Kubyumva nabi ni uburezi buhenze. Itandukaniro akenshi riba muguhitamo abafatanyabikorwa babona urunigi rwose, ntabwo bahuza gusa murirwo.
