Iyo wunvise 'ultra precision machining', abantu benshi bahita bashushanya icyumba cyiza, kigenzurwa nubushyuhe hamwe na mashini-axis ihita. Icyo ni igice cyacyo, byanze bikunze, ariko kandi niho hatangirira imyumvire mibi. Ntabwo ari ibyapa byerekana imashini gusa cyangwa ibyemezo byayo. Ikibazo nyacyo, igice kigukomeza nijoro, ni ukwihanganira sub-micron kutihanganira ikizamini cya aluminiyumu itunganijwe neza, ariko ku gice cya turbine gikomye, kidafite asimmetrike Inconel 718 nyuma yigice cya 30, mugihe ubushyuhe bwumuriro, kwambara ibikoresho, ndetse nubushyuhe bwa coolant butangira kwongorera mumatwi. Ngiyo icyuho kiri hagati yimpapuro nigorofa. Nabonye imishinga myinshi isitara mubifata nkibyoroshye 'kugura imashini nziza, kubona ibice byiza'. Ni sisitemu, indero, kandi mvugishije ukuri, gato ubuhanzi.
Urufatiro: Itangira mbere yuko Spindle ihinduka
Ntushobora kuvuga ultra precision utabanje kuvuga kubyo ushyira muri mashini. Aha niho imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo yibintu bifatika bidahinduka. Dukorana na nikel nyinshi zishingiye kuri nikel na cobalt zishingiye kuri superalloys mukigo cyacu. Ntabwo aribisanzwe byawe 304. Igikorwa cyo gukina - cyaba igishishwa cyangwa ishoramari dukora - rishyiraho urwego. Guhangayikishwa imbere, imiterere yintete, ndetse nubushake buke buva muri casting birashobora guhinduka inenge zikomeye mugihe ufata passe zapimwe muri microne. Porogaramu nziza ya CNC ntacyo imaze niba ubusa ifite impagarara zihishe kurekura hagati. Rero, itegeko ryacu rya mbere nugufata inzira yo gutunganya nkintambwe yanyuma, ikomeye mumurongo muremure. Uruganda nububiko bwimashini ntibishobora kuba silos; bagomba kuvuga ururimi rumwe rwamateka yubushyuhe no kugabanya imihangayiko.
Ndibuka umushinga wamazu ya sensor muri Monel K-500. Ibicapo byasabye 0.005mm yukuri kwihanganira imyanya yimbitse kuri bore ndende, ntoya ya diameter. Abashoramari basaga neza. Ariko mugihe ingingo ya mbere ikora, twabonye drift rimwe na rimwe. Ntabwo ari byinshi, ariko birahagije gusiba igice. Nyuma yiminsi ibiri yo kwirukana imashini geometrie hamwe nibikoresho birangira, twasubiye kumakuru ya casting. Ikibazo cyari igisubizo annealing cycle. Byari bihamye, ariko guhuza mugihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe byateje uburemere buke ariko buhoraho. Gukosora ntibyari muri kode ya CNC; byari uguhindura ibice bya racking mu itanura mbere yuko casting itabona igikoresho cyimashini. Ibyo nibitekerezo bya sisitemu.
Niyo mpamvu imiterere yisosiyete ifite akamaro. Amaduka agura fagitire yikigega ntashobora na rimwe guhura nibi, cyangwa ashobora kumara ibyumweru akemura ikibazo batashizeho. Uburyo bwacu bwo guhuriza hamwe kuri QSY-Gukoresha imyaka mirongo itatu haba muri casting no gutunganya - bivuze ko tugenzura byinshi bihinduka kuva gushonga. Ntabwo ari ugukemura ibibazo nibindi bijyanye no gutegura inzira kugirango ubyirinde. Ingamba zo gutunganya umubiri wumucanga wumucanga wumucanga ni isi itandukanye niyindi kugirango ishoramari risobanutse neza-ibyuma bidafite ibyuma byo kubaga, kabone niyo byaba bimwe Imashini ya CNC Hagati ikora byombi.
Imashini ni Umukinnyi gusa; Inzira ni Umuyobozi
Nibyiza, ufite rero ibintu bihamye, byateganijwe ubusa. Noneho imashini. Kwiyitirira buri gihe kurugero rushya, rwihuta, rwukuri. Kandi ntunyumve nabi, urusyo rwuzuye-5-axis urusyo rufite moteri yumurongo hamwe na sub-micron ibitekerezo ni igitangaza. Ariko ni igitangaza. Igikorwa nyacyo kiri muri sisitemu yinyongera no kugenzura ibidukikije. Urufatiro rwawe rufite akamaro kuruta udutabo. Monolithic granite base ntabwo ari ibintu byiza; ni ngombwa. Igorofa yicayeho igomba gukurwaho kuva kunyeganyega ibidukikije - forklifts, izindi mashini, ndetse n’umuhanda wo hanze birashobora kuba ikintu.
Noneho hari ubushyuhe. Amategeko ngenderwaho ni uko impinduka ya 1 ° C muri metero yicyuma igera kuri microni 11,5 yo kwaguka. Iyo urimo ukora kuri ultra precision urwego, uwo ni umusozi. Tugumana ibahasha ± 0.5 ° C muri selire yacu yuzuye. Ariko ntabwo ari umwuka wicyumba gusa. Ubushyuhe bukonje bugenzurwa cyane. Spindle yashyutswe hamwe ninzinguzingo yihariye kugirango igere ku bushyuhe bwumuriro. Ndetse tureka ibikoresho bibisi bicara muri selire amasaha 24 kugirango bisanzwe. Ntabwo uri gukora ibyuma gusa; urimo ucunga ukuri kwukuri.
Igikoresho ni ikindi cyobo cy'urukwavu. Amashanyarazi ya karbide yo hanze ntagabanya, guhana. Turimo kuvuga abafite ibikoresho byahinduwe na diyama, iringaniye na G2.5 cyangwa nziza. Igikoresho gitegura ntabwo ari cyiza-kugira; kalibrasi yayo ningirakamaro nka CMM. Kandi ibikoresho byo kwambara ibikoresho ntabwo ari ibintu byateganijwe; ni ugukomeza, kugihe-nyacyo gishingiye ku kugenzura imitwaro ya spindle no gusesengura hejuru. Utezimbere ibyiyumvo. Ijwi ryo gukata rihinduka, hafi ya byose bidashoboka, mbere yuko imibare iri kuri monite ikubwira. Nicyo gice 'ubuhanzi' - kumenya igihe cyo kwiringira sensor nigihe cyo kwizera amara yawe, mubyukuri imyaka yo kumenyekana.
Igipimo: Umucamanza utababarira
Aha niho inzozi zihurira nukuri. Urashobora kwizera imashini yawe ihagaze kubitekerezo byose ushaka, ariko igice ni cyiza nkubushobozi bwawe bwo kubipima. Muri ultra precision, ibikoresho bya metero bigomba kuba byateganijwe ubunini burenze ibyo kwihanganira intego. CMM ifite ukutamenya neza kwa microne 1.5 ntabwo ihagije kugirango ifate ibintu 5-micron. Twishingikirije cyane kubigereranya optique hamwe na laser yogusuzuma hanyuma tugakora ibizamini bya geometrike ikomeye nkumwanya nyawo hamwe numwirondoro wubuso.
Ibidukikije navuze byo gutunganya? Nibyukuri kabiri kubipimo. Icyumba cya CMM gifite ibyacyo, ndetse bikarushaho gukomera. Ukoresha ibice ukoresheje uturindantoki, ntabwo ari ukugumya amavuta gusa, ariko kugirango wirinde ubushyuhe bwumubiri wawe kubugoreka mugihe cyiminota 15 yo gupima. Nabonye diameter ya 50mm ya gauge pin yananiwe icyemezo kuko umugenzuzi yamufashe mumaboko yambaye ubusa igihe kinini mbere ya kalibrasi.
Amasomo yicisha bugufi cyane aturuka kubutavuga rumwe. Twigeze kugira umukiriya yanga ibice ukurikije amakuru yo murugo rwa CMM, mugihe ibyacu byerekanaga neza muri spec. Nyuma yicyumweru cyo guhagarika umutima, twabonye intandaro: algorithms zitandukanye zikwiranye na software ebyiri za CMM zo gushiraho datum yerekanwe. Byombi byari bikwiye mu mibare, ariko basobanuye ubuso nyabwo butagaragara. Igisubizo kwari uguhuza protocole yo gupima mbere, mbere yuko igice kimwe gicibwa. Noneho, kubikorwa bikomeye, dukunze gusangira gahunda yo gupima ndetse tukanabigana. Byahinduye guhangana mubufatanye.
Iyo Bidakora: Agaciro ko Kunanirwa
Ntamuntu ukunda kuvuga ibisakuzo, ariko mugusunika imipaka yibisobanuro, wiga byinshi mubyanze kuruta gutsinda. Kera kare, twafashe akazi mubigo byubushakashatsi bikenera indorerwamo za beryllium-umuringa hamwe nubuso burangije neza kuruta 10Ra nanometero. Twatekereje ko inzira zacu zahamagaye. Twaratsinzwe. Mu buryo butangaje. Ibikoresho byari inzozi-uburozi, byasabwaga gukoreshwa bidasanzwe, kandi byari byiza cyane. Ibikoresho byiza bya diyama byapakiwe ako kanya. Coolant, yari ingenzi mu kugenzura ubushyuhe, yasize ibisigazwa byangiza kurangiza mugihe cyo gukora isuku.
Uwo mushinga wari ingingo y'ingenzi. Ntabwo twacitse intege. Tugomba gusubira ku mahame ya mbere. Twarangije gushyira mubikorwa sisitemu yumye-yumye (MQL) kuri kiriya cyiciro cyibikoresho hanyuma duhinduranya igikoresho gitandukanye cya diyama. Iterambere ryavuye mu kuvugana nu mutanga ibikoresho ufite uburambe mu nganda za optique, ntabwo ibyogajuru byacu bisanzwe cyangwa ubuvuzi. Byari kwibutsa ko ultra precision ntabwo ari indangarubuga imwe; tekinike iva mu gice cya kabiri, optique, no gukora amasaha birashobora kwanduzanya. Iri somo ribabaza, rihenze ubu riratumenyesha uburyo twegera ibikoresho byose bidasanzwe, gummy, kuva kubintu bimwe bidasanzwe kugeza kuri plastiki ikora cyane.
Ibintu byabantu muburyo bwa Digital
Hamwe nibi biganiro byose byo gutangiza no kugenzura ibidukikije, biroroshye gutekereza ko uruhare rwumukoresha rwagabanutse. Naburana ibinyuranye. Ubuhanga bushiraho impinduka, ariko buragenda buhinduka. Porogaramu ntabwo yandika G-code gusa; barimo kubaka moderi yubushyuhe mumutwe wabo, bategereje guhangayika, guhitamo inzira yinzira gusa ahubwo inzira yubushyuhe. Umukoresha wa mashini ntabwo ari buto-gusunika hamwe na sisitemu ikurikirana, ireba ibimenyetso byihishe - ihinduka rito ryijwi rya coolant flow, itandukaniro rito mumabara ya chip - byerekana ikintu kigenda kiva mubintu.
Kuri Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ubujyakuzimu nibyo amateka yacu yimyaka 30 mubyukuri. Nubumenyi bukusanyirijwe hamwe. Numukanishi wumukambwe ushobora kumva spindle akavuga ati, Imbere yerekana preload yumva yoroheje, mbere yisesengura ryinyeganyeza ryerekana. Numu injeniyeri mwiza uzi neza ko ibintu byinshi byihariye, ndetse no muri spec, bishobora gukenera kugabanuka kwa 5% kugaburo ryibiryo ukurikije ibyiyumvo byo munda bivuye kumurimo nkuyu hashize imyaka itanu. Ibi ntibisimbuza siyanse n'imiziririzo; ni ubushishozi bwabantu bwubatswe ku rufatiro rwo kwitegereza byimbitse. Ntushobora kwikora. Urashobora kubihinga gusa mugihe no kwizera.
Iyo rero, iyo turebye ibishushanyo bigoye bigize - tuvuge, cobalt-chrome alloy orthopedic yatewe hamwe nubuso bunini bwo guhuza amagufwa kuruhande rwindorerwamo yarangije kugaragara - ntabwo tuba tubona geometrike no kwihanganira. Turimo kubona inkuru. Turabona igishoro cyo gutera igiti kizakura, imikorere ya EDM yoroshye yo kugitandukanya, kuvura ibyiciro byinshi, kandi amaherezo, byoroshye, byanyuma ultra precision pass izasobanura imikorere yayo. Intambwe yose iramenyesha ibya nyuma. Nibyo byukuri inyuma yijambo. Ntabwo ari igikorwa kimwe; ni filozofiya yo kugenzura, kuva kubikoresho fatizo kugeza raporo yanyuma yo kugenzura.
