Iyo wunvise '2Cr13 ibyuma bitagira umuyonga', igitekerezo cyahise kuri benshi ni ikindi cyiciro cyibanze cya martensitike, cyiza ku byuma na valve bihendutse. Ibyo ntabwo ari bibi, ariko ni uburyo bworoshye buganisha kumutwe wububiko burenze uko byakagombye. Ikigaragara ni uko imyitwarire yacyo yicaye muri ubu buryo bworoshye - ntabwo ibabarira nka 304, cyangwa ngo ikomere cyane nka 440C. Kubona ibisubizo bihuye nayo, cyane cyane mugukina no gutunganya, bigusaba kubaha ibisobanuro byihariye.
Umukino wa Casting: Fluidity na Cracking
Mubishushanyo byacu hamwe no gushora imari, 2Cr13 nikintu gikunze kugaragara kumibiri ya pompe, moteri, hamwe nibice bimwe na bimwe byimashini zibiribwa. Icya mbere ni ugusuka ubushyuhe. Wagira ngo karubone iringaniye (~ 0.16-0.25%) na 13% Cr, biroroshye. Ariko urwego rwayo rwo gukomera ni ruto kuruta uko wabitekereza. Suka neza cyane, kandi ubona amakosa, cyane cyane mubice bito byumutwe. Suka cyane, kandi ibyago byo guturika bishyushye, cyane cyane hafi yimbere yimbere yimbere yumubiri wa valve. Twize, dukoresheje ibirenze bike byavanyweho, kugirango tugere ku mpera yo hejuru y'urwego rusabwa ariko hamwe na bande igenzura cyane. Nukuyiha amazi ahagije kugirango yuzuze ifumbire utiriwe uhangayikishwa cyane nigikonoshwa.
Noneho hariho uburyo bwo guhuza ibikoresho. Kuberako ari martensitike, irahindura kandi igabanuka muburyo butandukanye n amanota ya austenitis. Hamwe no gushora imari dukoresheje ceramic shell, twagombaga guhindura igiceri mbere yubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe busanzwe mbere ya 304 bwatumye hacika muri 2Cr13 kubera ko ubushyuhe bwumuriro mugihe cyo gusuka bwari bukabije. Ubu twabanje gushyushya hejuru gato, bisa nkaho bivuguruza kugabanya imihangayiko yo kugabanuka, ariko byagize akamaro. Byadindije igipimo cyambere cyo gukonjesha bihagije kugirango ureke uruhu rwicyuma rukore kimwe.
Nyuma yo guta ubushyuhe bwo kuvura ntibishobora kuganirwaho. As-cast 2Cr13 iracitse. Ugomba kuyihuza. Porotokole isanzwe irashyuha kugera kuri 850-900 ° C, gufata, no gukonjesha. Ariko dore inama ifatika: igipimo cyo gukonja mubibazo by'itanura. Twigeze kugira icyiciro cya pompe yamashanyarazi yatsindiye kugenzura ariko ikora nabi, yerekana ibikoresho bikabije. Ikibazo cyagarutse ku itanura riremereye cyane aho ibice byo hagati byakonje buhoro, hafi nka anneal subcritical anneal, bigatuma microstructure itaba nziza. Noneho turemeza neza intera nziza. Nibikorwa bito bitandukanijwe bikuruma.
Imashini: Gummy Ukuri
Ku mpapuro, igipimo cyimashini ni cyiza. Kuri etage ya CNC, abakoresha bazakubwira ko ishobora kuba gummy cyangwa ikomye, cyane cyane muburyo budasanzwe. Ntabwo isenya chipi neza nkicyuma cya 12L14, kandi ntabwo ikata neza nka 303 idafite umwanda. Urufunguzo ni ugucunga akazi. Niba igipimo cyawe cyo kugaburira kiri hasi cyane cyangwa igikoresho kikaba, uhita ukora-ukomere hejuru, hanyuma ubutaha ukaganira cyangwa ugatwika igikoresho. Turerekana ibikoresho bya karbide bifite isura ityaye, isukuye kandi dukoresha igipimo cyibiryo byihuta kandi byihuta. Coolant ni ngombwa, ntabwo ari ugukonjesha gusa ahubwo ifasha gukaraba izo chipi zikomeye.
Gucukura ibyobo byimbitse nikibazo cyihariye. Ingingo isanzwe ya dogere 118 irashobora kuzerera no gutera ubushyuhe bukabije. Twahinduye imyitozo ya dogere 135 yo gutandukanya-hamwe na cycle yo gutinda buhoro kandi twongera umuvuduko ukonje. Yongeyeho igihe cyinzira ariko ikuraho byinshi byo gukora nibikoresho byacitse. Kuri sosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ikora ibintu byose kuva gukina kugeza kurangiza Imashini ya CNC munsi y'inzu imwe, izi nyigisho zihuriweho ni ngombwa. Ntushobora guhindura imashini mu bwigunge; ugomba kubara kuri as-cast condition hamwe nubushyuhe bwo kuvura amateka yubusa. Igice cyometse kuri off-spec kizakurwanya kuri lathe umunsi wose.
Ndibuka umushinga wurukurikirane rwamazi ya hydraulic. Icapiro ryasabye ubuso bwiza kurangiza kubutaka. Guhindura 2Cr13 kugeza kurangiza byari ikibazo-twakomeje kubona imyenda yatanyaguwe, isize. Twagerageje gushiramo geometrie itandukanye hanyuma amaherezo dusanga uburyo bwo guhanagura uburyo bwo guhanagura hamwe nu mucyo wanyuma urangiza, dukoresheje amazi yihariye yo gukata amavuta (ntabwo ari coolant isanzwe), yakoze amayeri. Ntabwo byari mubitabo bisanzwe byo gutunganya; byari iduka-igorofa ryavutse kubera gucika intege.
Kurwanya Ruswa: Gushiraho Ibiteganijwe
Aha niho abakiriya imyumvire itari yo. Abantu babona ibyuma bitagira umwanda kandi bakeka ko ari ingese. 2Cr13 ibyuma bitagira umwanda itanga gusa irwanya ruswa irwanya. Nibyiza kubidukikije byangirika byoroheje, nka acide yibiribwa cyangwa guhura nikirere, ariko bizashiramo ahantu hakungahaye kuri chloride (amazi yumunyu, umunyu mwinshi wo mumuhanda). Buri gihe tugirana iki kiganiro nabakiriya. Kubigize marine, twasunika 316L. Ariko, tuvuge, igice cyimashini yimigati ihura na acide hamwe na parike, 2Cr13 irahenze kandi irahagije rwose.
Passivation ifasha, ariko ntabwo ari umuti wigitangaza. Inzira yamanota ya martensitike nkiyi iratandukanye nubwiherero bwa aside nitricike ikoreshwa muri austenitis. Dukoresha citricike ishingiye kuri passivation inzira, ikora neza kandi yangiza ibidukikije. Nyamara, intsinzi yayo iterwa rwose nubuso busukuye neza mbere yo kwiyuhagira. Icyuma icyo ari cyo cyose cyinjijwe mu gutunganya cyangwa kugikora bizabangamira pasiporo. Twashyize mu bikorwa ingamba zikomeye zo gukora isuku no kugenzura mbere yo gutambuka, byagabanije cyane ibirego byangirika ku bice byarangiye.
Imiterere yo gutunganya ubushyuhe igira ingaruka itaziguye kumikorere. Igice gikwiye neza kizagira imbaraga zo guhangana kurenza kimwe cyoroheje gusa. Twanditse ibi mugupima ingero mubice bitandukanye mumababi yumunyu. Amakuru yadufashije gusobanura protocole yuzuye yo kuvura ubushyuhe kubakiriya bagerageje guha agaciro-injeniyeri isohoka. Kureka ubushyuhe bukwiye kugirango ubike ikiguzi mubisanzwe bigaruka nyuma hamwe no kunanirwa muri serivisi.
Gusudira no guhimba: Komeza witonze
Birasudwa, ariko ntabwo ari urugwiro. Mbere yubushyuhe burasabwa cyane, hafi 200-300 ° C, kandi kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma ya weld (PWHT) hafi ya byose birakenewe kugirango ugarure imyanda no kurwanya ruswa muri zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe (HAZ). Niba usibye PWHT, HAZ iba ikomeye, ivunika, kandi ikunda gucika. Ibi twabyize kare mugusana ibyuma byacitse. Gusana gusudira mbere yubushyuhe na PWHT akenshi byongeye gucika milimetero nkeya uvuye kumasaro.
Kubihimbano byubatswe kuva isahani cyangwa akabari, guhitamo ibyuma byuzuza ni ngombwa. Guhitamo bisanzwe ni 309L cyangwa 312 electrode idafite umuyonga, ifite ibiyikubiyemo byinshi kugirango yishyure ibicuruzwa kandi birinde gukomera cyane. Ndetse hanyuma, kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa interpass ni urufunguzo. Turabifata cyane nko gusudira ibyuma bito-bito cyane kuruta ibyuma bidafite ingese. Guhindura imitekerereze ni ngombwa.
Ikigeragezo kimwe cyatsinzwe cyarimo umukiriya wifuzaga guterana gusudira amasahani ya 2Cr13 hamwe nibikoresho. Bashimangiye ko nta PWHT kubera impungenge zifatika. Twaburiye kubirwanya ariko dukomeza icyifuzo cyabo. Ibice byatsinze igenzura ryambere ariko byacitse mu nzira mugihe cy'itumba rikonje. Imyitwarire isigaye ituruka ku gusudira, ifatanije nubushyuhe bwo hasi bwa martensite itageragejwe muri HAZ, yarabiteye. Ubu turasaba gusinywa gusinywa niba umukiriya yanze gusabwa PWHT. Ntabwo bikwiye kwangirika kwicyubahiro.
Gushakisha no Guhuza Ibikoresho: Ibihinduka Byihishe
Ntabwo 2Cr13 yose yaremewe kimwe. Itandukaniro mubintu bya sisitemu nka sulfure, fosifore, na silikoni hagati y'urusyo rutandukanye birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kuri castability na machinability. Twashyizeho uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko ashoboka kandi dusaba raporo y'ibizamini by'urusyo kubikorwa bikomeye. Icyiciro hamwe na sulfure kumpera ndende ya spec irashobora gukora imashini nziza ariko irashobora guhita ishwanyagurika mugihe cyo gukina.
Gukorana numufatanyabikorwa muremure nka QSY, hamwe na mirongo gushora imari no gutunganya, byerekana agaciro kuku kugenzura. Turashobora gukurikirana ikibazo cyo gutunganya tugasubira mubushyuhe bwihariye bwicyuma hanyuma tugahindura ibipimo byo hejuru. Kurugero, niba icyiciro gishya cyunvikana kumurongo wambere wibikoresho, tuzagenzura ibirimo karubone nyirizina kuri seritifike kandi dushobora guhindura ubushyuhe bwa annealing mbere yuko dutangira umusaruro wuzuye. Ubu buryo bufatika bubika toni yigihe gito.
Hanyuma, ni ukumenya igihe tutagikoresha. Hamwe no kuzamuka kwa idasanzwe nka super duplex cyangwa nikel-ishingiye kubidukikije bikabije, uruhare rwa 2Cr13 nkihitamo ryizewe, ryubukungu kubintu byihariye, byunvikana neza. Ni ifarashi ikora, ntabwo ari ifarashi. Agaciro kayo kari mubikorwa byateganijwe mu mbibi zayo, kandi ubuhanga nyabwo ni mu gusobanura no kubahiriza izo mbibi binyuze muri buri ntambwe - kuva ku itanura ryashinzwe kugeza kuri cheque ya nyuma ya QC. Aho niho uburambe bwimyaka 30 kuri firime nkiyacu ibivuga.
