Niba usabye umuntu gusobanura gushora imari, akenshi uzabona umurongo wigitabo: ni inzira yo gutora neza ukoresheje igikonoshwa ceramic. Ibyo ntabwo ari bibi, ariko ni nko gusobanura imodoka nk'imodoka ifite ibiziga bine - ibura ingingo yose y'ibitera. Mu isi isanzwe, cyane cyane nyuma yimyaka mirongo itatu muri uno mukino, ibisobanuro biri muburyo burambuye, ubwumvikane, hamwe no gukemura ibibazo gusa bisaba. Ntabwo ari ugukora gusa imiterere igoye; nibijyanye no gucunga akajagari ko kwaguka k'ubushyuhe, guterana inzozi mbi, n'intambara ihoraho yo kurwanya inenge. Benshi batekereza ko ari ibice byindege byiza gusa, ariko ibyo nibisanzwe. Nabonye ikoreshwa mubintu byose uhereye kumpompo yoroshye ya pompe kugeza kubuvuzi aho pore imwe ishobora gusobanura kunanirwa.
Intego yibikorwa: Igishashara, Igikonoshwa, Gusuka
Reka duhere kubyibanze nkuko bibera hasi. Umutima wo gushora imari ni ibishashara. Byumvikane byoroshye, ariko ibishashara bivanga ubwabyo ni siyanse yihariye. Biroroshye cyane, kandi birahinduka mugihe cyo gukora; byoroshye cyane, kandi biracika mugihe ugerageza guteranya igiti kitoroshye. Ku iduka ryacu, tumaze imyaka duhindura ibi. Uratera ibishashara mububiko bwa aluminiyumu - akenshi bikozwe hakoreshejwe CNC ikora neza - kugirango ukore kopi yigice cyanyuma. Noneho, wifashishije intoki cyangwa robotike usudira ibishushanyo hejuru yumushashara wo hagati kugirango ukore igiti. Iyi ntambwe iranegura. Inguni nu ihuriro bishushanya gutembera ibyuma nyuma. Mubyumve nabi, kandi uzagira imivurungano ikurura incike muri casting cyangwa ikora ubukonje bukonje.
Icyiciro gikurikira nukubaka ceramic shell. Aha niho ijambo gushora rituruka-ushora icyitegererezo hamwe nibikoresho byangiritse. Nibikorwa byo kwibiza-dunk: ubanza zirconiya nziza cyangwa alumina slurry, hanyuma stucco yuzuye ya silika cyangwa mullite yahujwe. Urabisubiramo inshuro 6 kugeza kuri 9, ukama hagati yamakoti. Ubuhanga ntabwo buri mubisubiramo gusa; ni mugucira urubanza rwijimye umunsi-ku-munsi. Ubushuhe burabigiraho ingaruka. Ubushyuhe burabigiraho ingaruka. Niba ikote ryibanze ari rito cyane, icyuma cyinjira cyangiza hejuru. Umubyimba mwinshi, kandi urashobora gutega imyuka cyangwa gucika mugihe cyo gutemba. Ndibuka icyiciro cyumubiri wibyuma bidafite ingese aho twihutiye kumisha. Igikonoshwa cyasaga neza, ariko mugihe cya autoclave dewax, icyuka ntigishobora guhunga byihuse binyuze mwikoti ryimbere. Ibisasu byaturikiye biturutse kumuvuduko wimbere. Igihombo cyose. Uku nukuri - ibisobanuro birimo izi ngingo zo kunanirwa.
Nyuma yo kumera no kurasa, usigara ufite ibumba ryuzuye, ryashyutswe. Gusuka nubuhanzi bwarwo. Kubikoresho nka nikel ishingiye kuri nikel cyangwa ibivangwa na cobalt, ibyo dukora buri gihe, urimo guhangana nubushyuhe bukabije no gukomera byihuse. Ntusuka gusa; ukeneye kugenzura ubushyuhe bwumuriro. Suka gahoro cyane, kandi icyuma gikonje mbere yo kuzuza ibice bito. Suka vuba cyane, kandi uhanagura imbere ceramic imbere, utangiza inenge zimeze nkumucanga. Ifumbire iracyari hafi 1000 ° C mugihe icyuma gishongeshejwe. Ihungabana ryumuriro nigihe gisobanura-mubisanzwe. Gutsindira neza ibisubizo mubice hafi-net-shusho, ariko ibisobanuro byubutsinzi bifite intera ihagije mugushushanya kugirango imashini ya CNC ikurikiraho yihangane cyane.
Aho Igisobanuro kibona ukuri: Ibibazo byumubiri
Vugana numukambwe wese washinze, bazakubwira ko kugirango usobanure neza ishoramari, ugomba kuvuga ibikoresho. Ntabwo arimwe-ihuza-inzira yose. Guhitamo ibinyobwa bitegeka buri kintu cyose hejuru. Fata 17-4 PH idafite ibyuma. Nibikorwa bisanzwe, ariko birumva igipimo cyo gukonja. Niba igikonje gikonje kitagenzuwe, urashobora kubona ibyiciro bitifuzwa byica imashini. Noneho ufite superalloys, nikel ishingiye kuri cobalt. Ibi nibidukikije bikabije - ibyuma bya turbine, ibice bisohora. Ibisobanuro byabo bya castability birakaze. Bafite ingingo zo gushonga kandi bakunze gukora ibyangiritse byangiza-byegeranye-byuzuye (TCP) niba gukomera bidacunzwe neza.
Aha niho uburambe butsindira ibitekerezo. Igitabo gishobora kuvuga koresha gusuka byihuse kubice bito. Ariko hamwe na cobalt ishingiye ku mavuta, gusuka byihuse birashobora gutuma ushwanyagurika kubera ko umusemburo ufite intera ndende. Ugomba kuringaniza gusuka umuvuduko hamwe nubushyuhe bwubushyuhe. Ibi twabyize kumushinga kubakiriya ba peteroli. Igice cyari catalizike yingirakamaro ya gride muri nikel-chromium. Kwiruka kwambere byaviriyemo amarira ashyushye kururubuga. Igisubizo nticyari mumarembo; kwari ugusubiza inyuma ubushyuhe bwa 50 ° C kugirango habeho ubushyuhe bukabije bwumuriro, butera imbaraga gukomera. Ihinduka ntabwo ryigeze risobanurwa shingiro, ariko niryo shingiro ryubukorikori.
Ntitwibagirwe ibikoresho bya fer nka karubone hamwe nicyuma. Barababarira cyane kugabanuka ariko birashobora kuba ubugome kuri shell. Ubushyuhe bwinshi burashobora gutera ibyuma-shell reaction, biganisha ku nenge ikomeye, yikirahure yiswe icyuma cyinjira. Kurwanya ibi, gukora ikoti ryibanze ryibanze birakomeye-akenshi bisaba gushungura bidasanzwe cyangwa gushungura. Nibiganiro bihoraho hagati yubumenyi bwibikoresho na injeniyeri. Iyo tuvuze ko tuzobereye muri ibi bikoresho kuri QSY, bivuze ko twubatse isomero ryibi bintu byoroshye, bikosora inzira mumyaka 30. Ntabwo ari umurongo wo kwamamaza; nigitabo cyibibazo byakemuwe.
Gukora Intoki: Kuva Kasting kugeza Igice Cyarangiye
Nta gisobanuro cyo gushora imari cyuzuye utabanje kuganira uko bigenda nyuma yuko igikonjo gikuweho. Usigaye hamwe na casting ifite amarembo nabiruka bifatanye, kandi ibice bimwe bizakenera gutunganywa. Nibikorwa bikomeye. Amasezerano yo gushora imari ni hafi-net, ariko hafi ni ijambo ryoroshye. Kuri hydraulic manifold, urashobora kugira kwihanganira bore muri 0.05mm. Igikorwa cyo gukina cyonyine ntigishobora gufata ibyo. Aha niho ibikoresho byahujwe, nkibyo twubatse muri Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), byerekana agaciro kabo. Kugira imashini ya CNC murugo ntabwo byoroshye gusa; ni uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge.
Abakanishi bakeneye kumva casting. Bakeneye kumenya aho amahirwe yo kugabanuka ashobora kuba (akenshi hafi yanyuma-gukonjesha) kugirango birinde kugonga igikoresho. Bakeneye gusobanukirwa amafaranga yimigabane. Mubisanzwe dusiga 0.5mm kugeza 2mm hejuru yingirakamaro, ariko ibyo biterwa nigice cya geometrie na alloy. Igice cyoroshye cyane kizengurutswe nicyuma gishobora kugoreka byinshi mugihe cyo gukonjesha, bisaba ububiko bwinshi. Abashinzwe porogaramu ya CNC naba injeniyeri bashinga bagomba kuvuga ururimi rumwe. Nabonye imishinga inanirwa kuko casting yateguwe nta gitekerezo cyo gutunganya imashini, bikavamo inzozi zidashobora kugaragara, zinyeganyega ku buriri bwa CNC.
Iyi mikoranire niyo mpamvu abakiriya benshi, cyane cyane abo mumirenge nkingufu cyangwa imashini zinganda, bashakisha iduka rimwe. Ntibashaka gusa utanga isoko ushobora gusobanura ishoramari; bashaka umuntu ushobora gutanga ibice byuzuye, bikora. Batwoherereje icapiro ryamazu ya pompe muri duplex idafite ibyuma. Dukoresha simulation yo gukomera, kubyara ibishashara, kubijugunya, kubishyushya-kubirwanya kwangirika, hanyuma tugashiraho imashini ya flange hamwe nu mwobo wa bolt ku bigo byacu bya CNC. Raporo yubugenzuzi bwa nyuma yerekana ubunyangamugayo (X-ray) hamwe nuburinganire (CMM). Nibisobanuro byuzuye, bifatika.
Imitego isanzwe hamwe numutego wiburyo hafi
Bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo gusobanukirwa ikintu ni ukureba aho kimeneka. Igice kinini cyakazi kanjye ni post-mortem kuri casting idakoze spec. Imitego ikunze kuba igoye cyane sisitemu yo kwinjira. Mu rwego rwo kwemeza kugaburira neza, injeniyeri rimwe na rimwe zishushanya utubari twinshi twiruka. Ibi byongera ingano yicyuma gikenewe, igiciro cyigikonoshwa, nigihe cyo gukora isuku. Ikirushijeho kuba kibi, irashobora gukora ibibanza bishyushye biganisha ku kugabanuka inenge igice ubwacyo. Rimwe na rimwe, uburyo bworoshye bwo guhagarara hejuru yikiremereye ni byiza. Numuhamagaro wurubanza, kandi utezimbere gusa urwo rubanza ubonye gutsindwa.
Undi mutego urimo gufata byose gushora imari ni Byuzuye. Kwihanganira kugerwaho nigikorwa cyubunini bwigice, ibivanze, hamwe no kugenzura inzira. Kubice bito, bihamye bivanze, ± 0.13mm kuri 25mm birumvikana. Ariko kumurongo munini mubyuma bya karubone, ushobora kuba ureba ± 0.5mm cyangwa irenga kubera kugabanuka guteganijwe. Gusezerana cyane kurwego rwo gusubiramo ni inzira y'ibiza. Nabwirijwe kwicara kugurisha no gusobanura ko kuba dushobora kwihanganira umutwe wa golf-club ntabwo bivuze ko dushobora kumubiri wa 20 kg. Igisobanuro cyibisobanuro byubatswe muburyo butandukanye.
Isura yo kurangiza ibiteganijwe nayo ikeneye gucunga. Ubuso bwa as-cast kuva mubutaka bwiza bwa ceramic burashobora kuba bworoshye cyane, hafi 3.2 mm Ra. Ariko ibyo ntabwo ari indorerwamo isize. Niba umukiriya akeneye indorerwamo ya fluid itemba, ibyo nibikorwa bya kabiri byo gusya. Ingingo ni, inzira ifite imipaka. Ibihangange byayo biragoye kandi byoroshye guhinduka, ntabwo byanze bikunze bigera kurangiza neza cyangwa kwihanganira byimazeyo. Nibice bigize urusobe rwibinyabuzima.
Kureba Imbere: Ibisobanuro Byihindagurika
Rero, kugirango uzenguruke hanyuma ugerageze gusobanura gushora imari muburyo bwerekana igorofa y'amahugurwa, ni iyi: uburyo busobanutse, bushingiye ku gishushanyo mbonera cyo gutsinda cyatsindiye imikoranire igenzurwa nigishashara cy’ibishashara cy’ibitambo, igishishwa cy’ibumba ceramic, hamwe nicyuma gishongeshejwe, hamwe nagaciro kacyo kamenyekana gusa iyo bihujwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyatekerejweho hamwe no gutunganya ibicuruzwa nko gutunganya ubushyuhe no gutunganya. Ni urunigi, kandi buri murongo - kuva inshinge kugeza QC yanyuma - igomba gufata.
Ibisobanuro ntabwo bihamye. Hamwe no gucapisha 3D kubishashara bitaziguye cyangwa no kubumba ibumba ryibumba, imipaka irahuzagurika. Ubu dushobora kubyara uburyo bumwe bwa prototypes tutifashishije ibikoresho, ni impinduramatwara kugirango tuzenguruke. Ariko fiziki yibanze - guhererekanya ubushyuhe, gukomera, metallurgie - ikomeza kuba imwe. Ibikoresho bishya reka reka tunanirwe vuba kandi twige vuba.
Kuri sosiyete nka QSY, hamwe nimyaka mirongo munsi yayo, ibisobanuro nabyo biri mubumenyi bwakusanyije. Ari murwego rwo gutondeka ibintu byoroshye, ububikoshingiro bwokwigana kwigana kumiryango itandukanye, hamwe namaso yubuhanga bwumukoresha ushobora kureba igikonjo cyimenye akamenya niba ari cyiza. Urashobora kubona igisobanuro cyibanze aho ariho hose. Ariko imyumvire nyayo, iteye ubwoba, ifatika-imwe ihindura igishushanyo mubintu byizewe, bikora neza cyane mubyuma, ibyuma, cyangwa nikelike ishingiye kuri nikel-ibyo ni ibintu ubona gusa kubikora, umunsi kumunsi, kandi ukiga kubintu byose bisuka, byiza nibibi. Nibyo gushora imari, kurenza casting.
