Iyo wunvise 'aerospace precision machining', ubwenge bwinshi burahita busimbukira kwihanganira gukomeye hamwe nimashini nziza 5-axis. Icyo ni igice cyacyo, byanze bikunze, ariko ni igice cyoroshye. Inkuru nyayo iri mubiganiro bifatika, ubwumvikane butavuzwe hagati yubushake bwo gukora no gukora, hamwe nuburemere bukabije bwo gukurikirana. Nabonye moderi nziza cyane za CAD ninzozi mbi zo guhuza, cyangwa ibice bya aluminiyumu binaniranye kuko umuntu atabaze imbaraga zumuriro mubiterane. Ntabwo ari ugukora ishusho gusa; ni ugukora ishusho ikomeza kubaho, ikora, kandi irashobora kwemezwa ko yakozwe neza, buri gihe.
Ibikoresho ni Umukiriya wa mbere
Ntushobora kuvuga neza utabanje gutangirira kubusa. Aha niho imishinga myinshi ibona igenzura ryambere ryukuri. Ikirere nticyerekeye aluminium na titanium gusa. Turi kure cyane nikel nka Inconel 718, cyangwa cobalt kubidukikije bikabije. Ibi ntabwo ari ibyuma ukata gusa. Bakora-bakomantaye, baratukana, bakurwanya. Ubunararibonye bwabatanga hano ntibushobora kuganirwaho. Ndibuka umushinga wikimenyetso cya turbine aho igishushanyo cyahamagariye ubuso bwihariye kurangiza igice cya Hastelloy X. Uburyo bwibikoresho byakoreshwaga mubyuma bidafite ingese gusa byashushanyije hejuru, bigatera impungenge. Twagombaga gusubira inyuma, gutinda ibintu byose, gukoresha igikoresho gitandukanye rwose na geometrie - winjizamo wiper yihariye hamwe nogutanga ubukonje bukabije. Igihe cyinzira cyikubye gatatu, ariko igice cyatsinze ibizamini byumunaniro. Nicyo giciro cyihishe cyibisobanuro.
Niyo mpamvu amateka yisosiyete afite akamaro. Iduka rimaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za casting no gutunganya Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ifite aho itangirira. Babonye uburyo ibikoresho bitwara kuva byashongeshejwe muri gushora imari inzira zose kugeza kumpapuro zayo zanyuma. Ubwo bumenyi bwashinze imizi ku gutembera kw'ingano, guhangayikishwa n'ibisigisigi bivuye mu guta, n'uburyo bihuza n'igikoresho cyo gutema ni ntagereranywa. Irinda byinshi byingingo-yambere yumutima. Ntabwo ugura igihe cyimashini gusa; urimo kugura ibyo bintu byegeranijwe.
Ndibwira ko ikosa risanzwe ari gufata inzira yo gutunganya ibintu byabaye wenyine. Hamwe nibikoresho bigezweho, urunigi rwose ruhujwe. Nigute ibigega bibisi byakozwe? Yahimbwe, ikozwe, cyangwa akabari? Ni ayahe mateka yo gutunganya ubushyuhe mbere yuko akubita aho twakiriye? Twigeze kugira icyiciro cya 17-4 PH ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bikomeza kugenda bitunguranye nyuma yo gukora. Nyuma yo guterura imitwe myinshi no kugenzurwa byananiranye, twakurikiranye kubuvuzi budasaza buvuye kubatanga ibikoresho. Ibisobanuro byatakaye mbere yuko dushyira ingufu kuri spindle. Noneho, ibikoresho bifatika n'amateka yatunganijwe ninyandiko zambere dusuzuma.
Icyitonderwa ni sisitemu, ntabwo ari imashini
Umuntu wese ashimishwa nibigezweho Imashini ya CNC Hagati hamwe na sub-micron ikemurwa. Ariko imashini ni umukinnyi gusa; icyiciro gifite akamaro kanini. Ubushyuhe bwo guhagarara mumaduka nikintu kinini kuruta uko benshi babyemera. Ubushuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 4 kumunsi burashobora guta inzu ndende, yoroheje yo mu kirere itabasha kwihanganira uburinganire. Tugomba gushyira mubikorwa gahunda yibanze yo kurwanya ikirere kubigobe byahariwe imirimo minini, yihanganira cyane. Ntabwo byari byiza, ariko byagabanije igipimo cyacu cyo gusiba kuri ibyo bice hejuru ya 60%.
Noneho hariho metrologiya. Ntushobora gukora imashini yihanganira ikirere utabanje gupima gahunda yubunini bwiza. Ariko ntabwo ari ukugira CMM gusa. Nukumenya gupima nigihe. Kubintu byinshi bigoye guhuza ibice byimbere, igenzura ryingingo ya mbere rishobora kuba ririmo scan ya 3D n'amasaha kuri CMM. Ariko kubikorwa byo kugenzura ibyakozwe, uranga ibintu byingenzi-bikora-birashoboka ko umurambararo wihariye wa bore, umuzenguruko wacyo, hamwe na perpendicularité ku isura igenda yiyongera - hanyuma ugakora igenzura ryoroshye, mugikorwa-cyogupima ikirere cyangwa ibikoresho byabigenewe. Iyi pragmatism niyo ituma umushinga kuri gahunda na bije.
Fixturing nindi ntwari itaririmbwe. Kubwijwi rito, kuvanga cyane akazi, modular fixturing sisitemu ninziza. Ariko kugirango umusaruro ukorwe nikintu gikomeye cyo kuguruka, ukenera akenshi ibikoresho byabigenewe, bikomye ibyuma bigamije kugabanya gutandukana mugihe cyo gukata. Nashizeho ibikoresho bigura ibirenze ibikoresho fatizo kubice ubwabyo. Birasa nkaho bivuguruzanya kugeza igihe ukoresheje imibare mugihe cyagabanijwe cyigihe, kunoza guhuza, no gukuraho amakosa yo gushiraho. Ibikoresho bihinduka igice cya gutunganya ikirere gutunganya inzira, nkuko byanditswe kandi bigenzurwa nkibikoresho byinzira.
Aho Gutera no Gukora Imashini
Uyu ni umwanya ushimishije cyane. Ibice byinshi bigoye byo mu kirere bitangira nka net-shusho ya casting kugirango ubike uburemere nibintu. Uwiteka gutunganya neza hanyuma azana ibintu byingenzi muburyo bwihariye. Imikoranire hano ni nini, ariko rero niyo ishobora gutera amakimbirane. Niba inzu ya casting hamwe niduka ryimashini aribintu bitandukanye, ubona umukino wamakosa. Abakinnyi bawe bafite itandukaniro ryinshi. Igikorwa cyawe cyo gutunganya kirakomeye.
Kugira byombi munsi yinzu, kimwe na vertike ihuriweho nuwitanga, ihindura imbaraga. Itsinda ryimashini rirashobora kwicarana nitsinda ryabakinnyi mugihe cyo gusuzuma ibishushanyo bakavuga bati, Niba ushobora gufata 0.5mm yimigabane yinyongera kuri iyi flange, kandi ukemeza ko iri muriyi ibahasha, turashobora gukuraho igenamigambi no kunoza ibitekerezo bya bore. Ikipe ya casting irashobora kuvuga iti, Turashobora kubikora, ariko dukeneye kongeramo umutware muto wa venting hano. Urashobora kuyikoresha muri op yawe yambere? Ubu bwoko bwo gufatanya gutezimbere niho agaciro nyako nukuri kwubakwa. Ihindura urunigi rwamaboko muburyo bukomeza, ibitekerezo-bishingiye kumurongo.
QSY'icyitegererezo cyo gutanga byombi Igikonoshwa, gushora imari, na Imashini ya CNC ivuga mu buryo butaziguye. Kuri moteri ya moteri cyangwa umubiri wa hydraulic valve, barashobora kugenzura urugendo rwose kuva mubyuma bishongeshejwe kugeza igice cyarangiye. Ubu bugenzuzi bwa geometrie yambere hamwe nubusugire bwimbere bwa casting buramenyesha mu buryo butaziguye kandi bigatera ingaruka nyuma yo gutunganya neza. Abakanishi bazi ahantu hateganijwe gukomera, ahantu hashobora kugabanuka, kandi barashobora gukora gahunda uhereye kumunsi wambere.
Umutwaro
Ibi birashobora kuba bike cyane ariko bitangaje. Mu kirere, niba bitanditswe, ntabwo byabaye. Igice cyose cyibikoresho kigomba gukurikiranwa inyuma yacyo. Ibikoresho byose bihinduka, guhagarika offset, ndetse nibikorwa byo kubungabunga imashini birashobora gukenera kwinjizwa mumishinga runaka. Impapuro zirashobora kurenza igice cyumubiri.
Ntabwo ari bureaucracy kubwinyungu zayo. Nubwishingizi bwo gusesengura kunanirwa. Niba igice cyananiwe gukora, abashakashatsi bakeneye kongera kubaka amateka yacyo yose. Twagize ibihe aho amapine y'ibikoresho byo kugwa yerekanaga kwambara bidasanzwe. Kuberako twari dufite ibisobanuro byuzuye, dushobora gutandukanya ikibazo mugice runaka cyibikoresho byinjizwamo bifite inenge yatwikiriye uwabitanze. Turashobora noneho kumenya igice cyose cyakozwe hamwe ninjizamo hanyuma tukabishyira mu kato. Hatariho ibyangombwa bya granulaire, twagombaga gusiba ibice byose bisa mumezi, ikiguzi gikomeye.
Gushyira mubikorwa ibi ntabwo ari software gusa; ni umuco. Ukoresha imashini akeneye kumva impamvu gutema ibiti ko bahinduye inseri yambarwa saa tatu za mugitondo ningirakamaro nkigabanywa bakora. Irasaba disipuline na sisitemu byinjijwe mubikorwa, ntabwo bihindagurika nkibitekerezo. Ubushobozi bwiduka bwo kubikemura nta nkomyi ni ikimenyetso kinini cyo gukura mu kirere.
Ibyiza Birahagije
Hanyuma, igitekerezo cyo gushaka gutungana. Hariho impagarara zihoraho muri gutunganya ikirere hagati yokwihanganirana kwiza kubishushanyo nibikenewe mubikorwa kandi byubukungu. Rimwe na rimwe, abajenjeri bagaragaza kwihanganira gushingiye ku bishushanyo mbonera cyangwa ibikorwa byiza bidahuye nigikorwa nyirizina.
Umufatanyabikorwa mwiza wo gutunganya agomba kuba afite icyo kiganiro. Ntabwo guca inguni, ahubwo ni ugushishoza neza. Ese ubwo buso budakora neza bukeneye rwose 0.8-micron Ra kurangiza, cyangwa byaba bihagije 1,6, bikiza 30% byigihe cyo gutunganya no gusya? Ese iyi bore, irimo kashe yoroheje, igomba kuba silinderi yukuri ya geometrike kugeza kuri microni 2, cyangwa ihame rya diametre kurenza uburebure bwayo irakomeye? Kubaza ibi bibazo, ushyigikiwe nuburambe ndetse rimwe na rimwe ndetse ugasaba ikizamini gikora kugirango wemeze kuruhuka, ni igice cya serivisi. Nukugera kubwizerwa no gukora, ntabwo gukubita imibare ifatika gusa. Aho niho ubukorikori buhurira na siyanse.
