Iyo wunvise 'alloy precision machining', ibitekerezo byinshi bisimbukira kuri mashini - 5-axis ya CNC iheruka, kwihanganira sub-micron. Icyo ni igice cyacyo, byanze bikunze, ariko ni igice cyoroshye. Inkuru nyayo itangira kera mbere yinzira, hamwe nibikoresho ubwabyo. Nabonye imishinga myinshi isitara kuko umuntu yategetse guhagarika Inconel 718 cyangwa Hastelloy C-276 yibwira ko ari 'ibyuma bikomeye'. Ntabwo aribyo. Ninyamaswa itandukanye rwose, kandi kuyitunganya ni imishyikirano, ntabwo ari itegeko.
Urufatiro: Itangirana na Casting
Ntushobora kuvuga kubijyanye no gutunganya exotic alloys utavuze uburyo ubona ububiko. Inyemezabuguzi nziza iva mu ruganda ni ikintu kimwe, ariko ibintu byinshi bigoye, cyane cyane ku nganda nka valve cyangwa imashini za turbo, tangira nka casting. Aha niho umubano uri hagati yimishinga nu iduka ryimashini uba ingirakamaro. Gukora nabi, hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwibinyampeke cyangwa micro-porosity ihishe, bizangiza ibikoresho byawe na gahunda yawe nubwo umukanishi wawe yaba mwiza gute.
Ndibuka akazi hashize imyaka mike, urukurikirane rwamazu ya pompe muri duplex idafite umwanda. Ibicapo byahamagariwe Gukora neza ku maso yose. Abakinnyi binjiye batanze isoko yibanze kubiciro, ntabwo ari inzira. Biboneka ko bari bameze neza. Ariko mugihe cyambere kiremereye, twakubise umucanga. Hanyuma undi. Kwinjiza byacaga nkumusazi. Twakoresheje umwanya munini wo kugenzura no gusudira / gusana casting kuruta kubikora. Isomo ryabaye ubugome: ubushobozi bwawe bwo gutunganya bukoreshwa nubwiza bwibikoresho byawe. Niyo mpamvu ibikorwa byahujwe bifite aho bigarukira. Isosiyete igenzura gukina no gutunganya, nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), irashobora guhuza inzira kuva itangiye. Imyaka mirongo itatu muri shell no gushora imari bivuze ko bubaka igice cyo gukora kuva murwego rwicyitegererezo, kikaba ari umutwe munini utangirira kumashini.
Iyi mikoranire ntishobora kuganirwaho idasanzwe. Hamwe na cobalt cyangwa nikel ishingiye kuri nikel, akenshi ikajugunywa mumashusho hafi ya net kugirango ubike ikiguzi giteye ubwoba cyibikoresho byangiritse, ubunyangamugayo bwa casting nibintu byose. Inenge iyo ari yo yose y'imbere ihinduka minombe y'urusyo rwa $ 200.
Imbyino Igikoresho: Nta gisubizo rusange
Nta ntera ya 'super-alloy' yinjiza urwego. Umuntu wese uvuga ko agurisha ikintu. Gukora amavuta ashingiye kuri nikel nka Inconel 625 nisi itandukanye no guhangana na cobalt-chrome alloy nka Stellite 6. Abahoze bakora akazi gakomeye nkabasazi, basaba guhora, gukara kugirango binjire munsi yurwego rukomeye. Iheruka ni byinshi kubyerekeye kwambara nabi; bizahita bisya buhoro buhoro gukata hasi kugeza kuri nub.
Ibi twabyize mubigeragezo bihenze no kwibeshya. Kubice byintebe ya valve muri Stellite, twatangiranye nibisanzwe bisanzwe-bikora karbide ya nikel alloys. Ibikoresho byamaze iminota 15. Hindura kurwego hamwe nibikomeye cyane, birwanya abrasion-birwanya substrate no gutegura impande zikarishye. Ubuzima bwikubye gatatu. Byumvikane byoroshye mugusubira inyuma, ariko iyo switch isaba guhinduka mubitekerezo: ntitwakataga, twasaga nkuvunika kugenzurwa. Umuvuduko ukonje no gutanga biba umwanya wambere hano. Sisitemu inyuze muri spindle ntabwo ari ibintu byiza; ninzira yonyine yo gukumira ubushyuhe no gukaraba chip abrasive.
Gushiraho bifite akamaro nkibikoresho. Gukomera ntabwo ari ibyifuzo gusa; ni amategeko. Ikiganiro icyo aricyo cyose muri cobalt nticyangiza gusa kurangiza, kizatangiza igikoma gishobora gukwirakwiza. Dukoresha ibikoresho bya monolithic gusa kugirango turangize akazi, nta collet chucks. Igiciro cyinyongera ntaho gihuriye ugereranije no gukuraho igice cyari kimaze amasaha 20 yo gutunganya.
Umuvuduko na Stabilite: Ubucuruzi buhoraho
Igitabo kigaburira n'umuvuduko kuri ibyo bikoresho akenshi ... byiringiro. Cyangwa nibihe byiza, gufunga neza, ibikoresho bishya byimashini. Ku iduka, urahamagara inyuma. Nahitamo kwiruka kuri 70% ya theoretical SFM hanyuma nkabona ubuzima buteganijwe, bwizewe bwamasaha 8 yubuzima kuruta gusunika ibyuma byinshi kandi nkagira igikoresho cyananiranye bikabije saa tatu za mugitondo. Gukomeza kunesha umuvuduko muke muri gutunganya neza. Intego ni ugukubita kuri kimwe cya cumi (.0001) kwihanganira kurambirwa, ntabwo gutsinda isiganwa ryihuta.
Ikintu cyumuntu: Amakuru nubushake
Gukora CNC byikora, ariko gukoresha amavuta ntabwo. Porogaramu ikeneye gusobanukirwa imyitwarire yibikoresho, ntabwo ari G-code gusa. Umukoresha akeneye gutega amatwi gukata - ijwi rya nikel ivanze itangiye gukora-gukomera ifite umwihariko, wohejuru cyane bivuze ko ugomba guhinduka, ubungubu. Urareba ibara rya chip. Chip yubururu kuri stainless? Birashyushye cyane. Imipira miremire, ikomye kuri Inconel? Chip breaker yawe ntabwo ikora; witegure ibyari byinyoni hanyuma wongere ukate.
Aha niho uburambe buva mubintu bigari byishyura. Amaduka yakemuye ibintu byose kuva ibyuma bikozwe muri superalloys biteza imbere isomero ryimitekerereze. Bazi ko 316L idafite ingese ifite 'gum up' ku gikoresho, bisaba impande zinyuranye. Bazi ko mbere yo gushyushya titanium alloy casting mbere yo kuyikora bishobora kugabanya imihangayiko no kwirinda kugoreka nyuma yimashini. Ibi ntabwo buri gihe biri mu gitabo; biri mubumenyi busangiwe hasi. Isosiyete nka QSY, hamwe namateka yayo muri guta icyuma, ibyuma, ibyuma bidafite ingese, hamwe nudukoryo twihariye, birashoboka ko ubwo burebure bwubumenyi bwamoko bwubatswe mumyaka 30. Nubwoko udashobora kugura ukoresheje imashini nshya.
Inyandiko ni urufunguzo, ariko ni umuntu ku giti cye. Turabika impapuro zo gukora kumurimo wose uvanze - ntabwo aribintu byanyuma byatsinze, ariko nanone birananirana. Yagerageje gushyiramo amanota XYZ, yananiwe kuri 0.015 DOC kubera gukata. Iyo nyandiko ikiza umusore ukurikira amadorari igihumbi mugukoresha amasaha ane yo kumanura.
Icyitonderwa muburyo bukurikira: Mubyukuri urimo gukora iki?
Icyitonderwa ntabwo ari umubare udafatika. Byasobanuwe numurimo wigice. Icyuma cya turbine gishobora kugira kwihanganira kumurongo wacyo wa airfoil birasaze, ariko flange igenda ishobora kuba irekuye. Igice cya valve cyuzuye neza kijyanye no gufunga hejuru hamwe no kwibanda kuri bore; ibindi biranga bishobora kuba bitanenze. Utanga ingamba zawe zo gutunganya no kwihanganira ingengo yimishinga.
Nakoze ku kintu cya pompe itunganya imiti, icyuma kinini muri Hastelloy C-22. Ubworoherane buringaniye kumurongo bwari bukomeye, ariko ikibazo nyacyo cyari ukurangiza hejuru mubice byimbere. Micro-piting iyo ari yo yose igenzura ibikoresho byahinduka urubuga rwo kwangirika no gutangira. Twakoresheje umwanya munini muburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho kugirango turangize passes kuruta kurwego rwose. Uwiteka Imashini ya CNC ingamba zubatswe inyuma uhereye kuri ubwo buso bwanyuma busabwa.
Aha niho guhuza casting no gutunganya byerekana agaciro kayo. Niba uruganda rushobora gutera ubuso bworoshye muri ibyo bice byimbere byimbere, akazi ka mashini karashobora kugerwaho. Niba badashoboye, ushobora kuba ureba EDM cyangwa ndetse no gukaraba intoki, bigabanya igiciro nigihe ntarengwa. Ni ikibazo cya sisitemu.
Umurongo w'urufatiro: Igenzura Ibihinduka
Umunsi urangiye, gutsinda Gukora neza ni bijyanye no kugenzura byinshi bihinduka nkuko ubishoboye. Utangira ugenzura ubuziranenge nuburyo buhoraho bwibikoresho fatizo - byaba ibigega cyangwa ibinini bigoye. Ugenzura inzira uhitamo ibikoresho nibipimo bishingiye kumyitwarire yihariye, ntabwo ari amahame rusange. Ugenzura ibidukikije hamwe nuburyo bukomeye kandi bukonje neza. Kandi ugenzura ibisubizo hamwe nabantu bafite uburambe bashobora gusobanura amakuru no kubyitwaramo.
Ntabwo ari gahunda-yo-kwibagirwa-ibikorwa. Burigihe hariho ibishya bishya bivanze, geometrie igoye, kwihanganira cyane. Amaduka aramba, arashobora gutanga byimazeyo igice cyimikorere kuva icapiro ryumuti ushingiye kuri cobalt, nizo zubaha urunigi rwose, kuva gushonga kugeza ubugenzuzi bwa nyuma. Ntabwo bafite imashini gusa; bafite inzira. Kandi iyo nzira, mvugishije ukuri, nibyo urimo kwishyura.
