Iyo wunvise 'ifu ya metallurjiya idafite ibyuma', ikibanza gihita gihora hafi-net-imiterere igoye no kuzigama ibikoresho. Nibyo, ariko ni kimwe cya kabiri cyinkuru. Ikiganiro nyacyo, kibaho hagati ya ba injeniyeri bagerageje kubigaragaza cyangwa kugikora, kizenguruka icyuho kiri hagati yamasezerano ya datasheet nukuri kumahugurwa. Ntabwo ari amasasu; ni ibikoresho bifite amategeko yihariye. Nabonye ibishushanyo byinshi bifata nkigitonyanga cyo gusimbuza ibyakozwe 316L, gusa nkagira ibibazo mubibazo byo gutitira, imashini idahuye, cyangwa gutungurwa no kuvura ubushyuhe. Ibyifuzo birakomeye - kurema ibice bigoye nkibice bya valve cyangwa inzu ya sensor ifite imyanda mike - ariko iyicwa risaba kubaha inzira, uhereye kumatungo yifu kugeza kumucumuro wanyuma.
Isezerano ryibanze hamwe nikibazo gihoraho
Inyungu yibanze ni ubwisanzure bwa geometrike. Turimo kuvuga ibice byaba ari inzozi kumashini kuva mububiko cyangwa no gushora imari. Tekereza kuri pompe ntoya ifite imiyoboro y'imbere, cyangwa ibikoresho byubuvuzi byubatswe munsi. Ifu ya metallurgie ituma ibi byubukungu bifatika muburyo buciriritse kugeza hejuru. Ibyiciro bitagira umuyonga, mubisanzwe 304L, 316L, hamwe na 17-4 PH ikunzwe cyane, bitanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa ikenewe muribi bikorwa.
Ariko dore inzitizi yambere: ubucucike. Kugera ku bucucike bwuzuye birahenze kandi ntabwo buri gihe ari intego. Ibice byinshi byubatswe byacumishijwe kurwego rwujuje imashini. Ibi bisiga ibisigisigi, bifitanye isano. Ntabwo byanze bikunze ari inenge; biranga. Nyamara, iyi porosity niyo ntandaro yibibazo byinshi byo hasi. Ifite ingaruka nziza zo kurwanya ruswa - imyenge irashobora gufata imitego hanyuma igatangira kwangirika, niyo mpamvu kubice bikomeye byo gufata amazi, ibikorwa bya kabiri nko gutera inda cyangwa gukanda isostatike ishyushye (HIP) biba bitavugwaho rumwe. Ndibuka icyiciro cya 316L flanges kubakiriya ba chimique ibikoresho; batsinze ikizamini cyo gutera umunyu nkuko byacumuye, ariko birananirana mumurima nyuma y'amezi atandatu kuko ububobere bwimbere bubi hagati. Twagombaga guhindura intambwe yo gutera intambwe ya progaramu zose zizaza.
Iyi porosity nayo igira ingaruka itaziguye. Igikoresho cyawe cyo gukata ntabwo gikata ibyuma gusa; ihura nuburyo bukomeye burigihe kandi bukomeye. Ibi biganisha kuri micro-chatter, kwihuta kwifashisha ibikoresho (cyane cyane kumyitozo no gukanda), hamwe nubuso burashobora kugaragara nkibishishwa niba bidakozwe neza. Ntushobora gukoresha ibiryo bimwe n'umuvuduko nkibikoresho byakozwe. Irasaba gushiraho cyane, ibikoresho bikarishye, ndetse rimwe na rimwe ndetse nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukata amazi kugirango wirinde gufunga imyenge hamwe na swarf.
Gukora Leta Yacumuye: Ubufatanye namaduka nka QSY
Aha niho theoretical ihura nibikorwa, nimpamvu ubufatanye nububiko bwimashini hamwe nimashini zumva urunigi rwose ni ngombwa. Ntushobora kohereza gusa icapiro ryububiko bwa CNC. Bakeneye kumenya icyo bafashe. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY) atanga urubanza rushimishije. Hamwe nimyaka irenga 30 mugukina no gutunganya, babonye ubwihindurize hafi-net-shusho. Mugihe intandaro yabo iri mugikonoshwa no gushora imari, amahame arasobanura. Basobanukiwe nimyitwarire yibintu nyuma yo kubumba, guhangayikishwa no gutunganya, n'akamaro ko kugenzura inzira kuri alloys. Kuri a ifu metallurgie ibyuma bitagira umwanda ibice, ubuhanga bwabo bwo gutunganya CNC buba igice cya kabiri cyingenzi cyo kugereranya.
Icyangombwa ni itumanaho. Iyo twakoranye n'amaduka ku bice bya P / M, igicapo cyo gushushanya kigomba kwerekana intera yuzuye kandi ukamenya ko ari ibikoresho byacumuye. Ibi biramenyesha umukanishi. Ibipimo by'ingenzi akenshi bikenera kurangiza nyuma yo gucumura kugirango ubaze kugoreka gato. Amaduka afite uburambe muri casting, nka QSY, asanzwe abimenyereye - kumenya imibare, kumva ko gukata kwambere bishobora guhishura umwobo, kandi ufite uburyo bwo kubikemura udakuyeho igice. Ubunararibonye bwabo hamwe nudusimba twihariye, nka nikel na cobalt base, burerekana kandi ko umenyereye ibikoresho bigoye kumashini, bikaba umusingi mwiza wo guhangana nicumu.
Ikibazo kimwe cyihariye ni insanganyamatsiko. Kanda igice cyacumuye ni ugusaba ibibazo niba umwobo udafite ubunini bunini kandi igikanda nticyiza. Dukunze kwerekana insyo yo gusya kugirango ihuze, cyangwa igishushanyo cyo gukoresha imigozi ikora imigozi ihuza ibikoresho aho kuyikata. Ubu ni bwo buryo burambuye buba inyundo mu nama ibanziriza umusaruro hamwe nabafatanyabikorwa.
17-4 PH Ihuriro: Imvura nubushyuhe bwa Dimensional
Niba amanota asanzwe ya austenitike nka 316L afite ibyo yishakiye, 17-4 PH idafite umwanda ikoresheje ifu ya metallurgie ni inyamaswa yonyine. Ubujurire buragaragara: imbaraga nyinshi no gukomera nyuma yo kuvura. Ariko imvura igabanya ubukana ninzira nyabagendwa hamwe nibikoresho byacumuye.
Ubuvuzi busanzwe bwa H900 (imyaka 900 ° F) burakora, ariko ihinduka ryibipimo ntirishobora kugereranywa nububiko bwakozwe. Igice kimaze kugabanuka mugihe cyo gucumura. Ubuvuzi busaza butangiza ubundi, buto, ariko buracyahinduka cyane. Kubice bifite kwihanganira gukomeye mubintu byinshi, ibi birashobora kuba inzozi. Twize ibi inzira igoye kuri prototype ikora kubintu bya drone. Ibipimo nkibicumuro byari byiza. Nyuma yo gukemura no gusaza, diameter ya bore yagabanutse kurenza urugero rwo kwihanganira, mugihe diameter yo hanze ya flange itagize ingaruka. Anisotropy yatewe nicyerekezo cyambere cyo guhuza ifu.
Igisubizo, nubwo gihenze cyane, akenshi ni kumashini kugera kumurongo wanyuma mubarengeje imyaka (Imiterere A) cyangwa leta ivura igisubizo, hanyuma imyaka. Ariko ibi bisaba kumenya neza uko igice kizakura cyangwa kigabanuka mugihe cyo gusaza kuri kiriya cyiciro cyibikoresho nitanura. Ihinduka inzira ishingiye kuri resept, ntabwo ari imikorere isanzwe. Uru rwego rwo kugenzura niho ubufatanye hagati yuwakoze igice cya P / M hamwe numashini utomoye ni ngombwa rwose. Umukanishi akeneye amakuru yukuri yo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa sinterer kugirango amenye offsets yo gukoresha muri gahunda yabo ya CNC kubikorwa byo gutunganya imashini.
Iyo Irabagirana (Kandi Igihe cyo Kureba Ahandi)
Ni ryari ifu metallurgie ibyuma bitagira umwanda nyampinga utavuguruzwa? Nibintu bigoye, ugereranije bito kugeza murwego ruciriritse aho gukoresha ibikoresho biva mububiko byaba munsi ya 40%, kandi aho umusaruro wabyo ugaragaza igiciro cyibikoresho byo gupfa bipfa. Ingero nziza cyane ni ibice byo gufunga, ibice bya sisitemu ya lisansi yimodoka (nka plaque izunguruka), hamwe nibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo kubaga. Guhorana ifu ya kijyambere hamwe no gucana itanura bitanga umusaruro mwiza cyane-gusubiramo ibyasabwe.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ntabwo aribwo buryo bwiza bwo guhitamo imiterere yoroshye (icyogajuru cyibanze cyangwa cyogejwe), kubice binini cyane aho ubushobozi bwitangazamakuru bugarukira, cyangwa kubisabwa bisaba imbaraga zidashobora kwihanganira ruswa cyangwa umunaniro wimbaraga zakozwe neza, zahimbwe, hamwe na microstructure. Muri ibyo bihe, inzira gakondo yo gutoranya kuva kubuhanga nka QSY, cyangwa gutunganya kuva mukabari, birashobora kuba byizewe kandi bidahenze. Urugero rwo gushora imari, kurugero, rushobora kugera kubintu bigoye kandi akenshi birangira neza hejuru yubucucike hamwe nubucucike bwa geometrike runaka, nubwo bifite imiterere itandukanye.
Icyemezo matrix nticyigera kijyanye nigiciro cyibikoresho kuri kilo. Ni hafi igiciro cyose cyarangiye, igice gikora, gikubiyemo imashini ya kabiri, ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose gisabwa gutera inda cyangwa isahani, igipimo cyakuweho, hamwe nibikorwa mumurima. Nuburyo bwa sisitemu yo guhitamo.
Igihe kizaza kiri mu ruvange no guhuza
Iterambere rishimishije ubu ntabwo riri mubintu bishya bitagira ibyuma byifu, ahubwo mubikorwa byabahuza. Metal Injection Molding (MIM), ikoresha ifu nziza na bombo ya pulasitike, irasunika ibahasha igoye cyane kuruta ibinyamakuru-na-sinter P / M, nubwo bizana ibibazo byayo byo kwangiza kandi nibyiza kubice bito cyane.
Ahandi hantu ni ibikoresho bivangavanze-ifu yicyuma itavanze ivanze namavuta nkumuringa cyangwa ikintu gikomeye. Ibi birashobora gukora amavuta yo kwisiga cyangwa ibice bifite amanota yo murwego rumwe. Ariko na none, ibi bizana impinduka nshya mugutunganya. Nigute ushobora gukora imashini agace 90% ibyuma na 10% byumuringa? Igikoresho cyo kwambara igikoresho gihinduka mugice.
Ubwanyuma, gukorana nifu ya metallurgie ibyuma bitagira umuyonga ni imyitozo yo kumvikana hamwe nubumenyi bwimbitse. Iraguhatira gutekereza neza, uhereye kubishushanyo mbonera bipfa kugeza kugenzura QC yanyuma. Ntabwo ari ibikoresho utumiza gusa; ni inzira witabira, ufatanya cyane na sinterer hamwe na mashini kugirango uyobore umwanya uri hagati ya isotropique nziza kandi ishoboye bitangaje, ariko yoroheje, yoroheje. Ibigo byatsinze nabyo nibyo bihuza iyi si, nkukuntu imikorere ihuriweho ikora casting hamwe nogukora CNC, nka QSY, icunga imiterere yimyitwarire yivanga kuva mububiko kugeza kubicuruzwa byarangiye.
