Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'guta umucanga w'icyuma', bashushanya inzira itoroshye, ya kera yo gukora ibice byicyuma. Ngiyo imyumvire ya mbere itari yo. Mubyukuri, bigezweho guta umucanga, cyane cyane iyo tuvuze ibyuma byinshyi byumuhondo cyangwa ibyuma byangiza, ni disipuline yubuhanga. Ntabwo ari ugusuka ibyuma gusa mumucanga; ni ukugenzura umucanga ubwawo - ibiyigize, ubwinjiriro bwawo, ubushobozi bwo guhumeka imyuka - kugirango wirinde inenge zose zishobora gukuraho igice. Nabonye imishinga myinshi yananiwe kuko intego yibanze gusa kumashanyarazi, mugihe sisitemu yumucanga yari yatekereje. Umucanga ni kimwe cya kabiri cyintambara, birashoboka.
Sisitemu yumucanga: Ntabwo ari Umucanga gusa
Reka twinjire muri grit. Ijambo umucanga rirayobya. Mugihe cyo kubyaza umusaruro, ni uruvange rwitondewe rwumucanga wa silika, ibumba rya bentonite, amazi, hamwe n ivumbi ryamakara (inyanja) cyangwa ibindi byongeweho. Ikigereranyo ni byose. Ibumba ryinshi, kandi ifumbire irakomera cyane, irinda guhunga gaze neza mugihe cyo gusuka. Uzabona inkoni na pinholes. Gito cyane, kandi isura ibumba irashobora gusenyuka cyangwa kwangirika, biganisha kumurongo hamwe nubuso butarangiye. Ndibuka akazi kumubiri wa hydraulic valve aho twakomeje kubona munsi yubutaka. Twakurikiranye ikibazo binyuze mu ishami ryo gushonga ibyumweru mbere yuko tumenya ko icyiciro cyacu gishya cya bentonite gifite ubushobozi butandukanye bwo guhana ion. Umusenyi ntabwo witwaye kimwe. Impinduka zidasobanutse, ikibazo kinini.
Noneho hariho umusenyi uhagaze neza. Iyo iyo 1300 ° C + icyuma ikubise urukuta rwumubumbe, umucanga ugomba kwihanganira ihungabana ryubushyuhe utarinze guhuza. Kubintu bimwe bigoye bya geometrike hamwe nibice byimbitse, rimwe na rimwe dukoresha umucanga wa chromite cyangwa umucanga wa zircon mubice bikomeye byububiko. Birahenze cyane, ariko birinda gutwika no gucengera inenge ninzozi mbi zo gusukura mumashini. Nibiciro-byunguka kubara ukora ukurikije imikorere yigice hamwe no kwihanganira abakiriya kubikorwa.
Gukurura no guhinduranya ni inzira zitabona ibiganiro bihagije hanze yubutaka. Umucanga ugomba kuvangwa neza kugirango utwikire ingano zose hamwe, hanyuma ugomba guhumeka kugirango ucike ibice kandi bigere kumurongo umwe. Umucanga ucagaguye nabi biganisha ku gukomera kutabangikanye. Urashobora kugira icyitegererezo cyiza, ariko niba umucanga udapakiye kimwe hafi yacyo, uburinganire bwawe bujya mumadirishya. Nubuhanga bwitondewe-umukoresha wumukambwe wumukoresha arashobora kuvuga byinshi mukumva umusenyi.
Gukora icyitegererezo: Igishushanyo mbonera mu giti no mu cyuma
Igishushanyo nigishushanyo mbonera cyigice, wongeyeho ubumenyi bwose bwashinze. Gutegura inguni, amafaranga yo kugabanuka, kuzuza radii, igishushanyo mbonera-byose byubatswe. Kuri guta umucanga ikora, mubisanzwe dukoresha ibyuma bishushanya (aluminium cyangwa icyuma) kugirango birambe. Ariko igishushanyo mbonera ni ingenzi. Ikosa risanzwe ni ugushushanya icyitegererezo nka kopi itaziguye ya moderi ya CAD. Icyuma kigabanuka, kuburyo bugaragara. Ku cyuma cyijimye, urimo kureba hafi 1% kugabanuka. Icyitegererezo cyawe rero kigomba kuba kinini. Kandi ntabwo ari umurongo; ibice bitandukanye ubunini bukonje kubiciro bitandukanye, bishobora gutera kugoreka. Dukunze gukurikiza amategeko yo kugabanya ndetse tugahindura icyitegererezo dushingiye kubisubizo byingingo ya mbere.
Sisitemu yo kwinjirira no kuzamuka byateguwe neza kuri plaque. Aha niho ubuhanzi buhurira na siyanse. Intego ni ukubona ibyuma bisukuye, bidafite imivurungano kugirango yuzuze umwobo vuba, hanyuma ugaburire kugabanuka nkuko casting ikomera. Gushyira risers (federasiyo) nabi ni ikosa rya kera. Bakeneye kuba kumurongo uremereye, uwanyuma kugirango bakomere. Nagize ibihe aho igice cyiza cyangiritse cyangijwe numuyoboro ugabanuka mubuyobozi bukomeye kuko riser yari santimetero nkeya kumwanya wacyo mwiza. Porogaramu yo kwigana ifasha ubungubu, ariko ntakindi gishobora gusimburwa gukingura uduce duto twa sample no kubona uburyo bwo gukomera n'amaso yawe.
Kubungabunga icyitegererezo ni burigihe. Umusenyi urasebanya. Igihe kirenze, icyitegererezo cyambara, kandi ibipimo bigenda. Gahunda isanzwe yo kugenzura ibipimo bingana na shobuja ntabwo biganirwaho. Nibikorwa birambiranye, birinda gukiza umutwe utabarika kumurongo.
Isuka: Aho Igenzura rihura n'akajagari
Gusuka icyuma ni uburiganya bworoshye-busa. Ntabwo aribyo. Ubushyuhe burakomeye. Birashyushye cyane, kandi wongera ibyago byo gutwika umucanga no kugabanuka gukabije. Ubukonje bukabije, kandi ukabona amakosa, gufunga imbeho, cyangwa amazi mabi adashobora kuzuza ibice bito. Kubintu byinshi byicyatsi kibisi, tugamije gusuka hagati ya 1350 ° C na 1400 ° C, ariko ibi bigenda bihinduka ukurikije uburebure bwigice hamwe nuburemere bwigice. Wiga gucira imigezi itemba hamwe nibara ryicyuma, ariko thermocouples ninshuti yawe magara.
Gusuka ibintu byihuta. Byihuse cyane, kandi ushobora guhura nisuri yibumba hamwe numuvurungano winjiza umwuka na slag. Buhoro cyane, kandi ibyuma bitangira gukonja mbere yuko ifumbire yuzuye. Nibisukuye, bikomeza gusuka kugeza ubonye ibyuma bizamuka muri risers. Igicapo kigomba gusimburwa umwete kuri salle mbere no mugihe cyo gusuka. Igicapo icyo aricyo cyose cyinjira mubibumbano bizahinduka. Nubuhanga bwibanze, amaboko yintoki ntamashini ishobora kwigana byuzuye.
Ikirere kiri ahantu gisuka kirahangayitse, burigihe. Urimo gucunga ubushyuhe, ibyuma bishongeshejwe, nisaha. Icyuma kirimo gukonja kuva kiva mu itanura. Hano hari idirishya rifunganye kugirango ubone neza. Umutekano niwo wambere, ariko rero nibyibanze. Kurangaza akanya birashobora gusobanura gusuka nabi cyangwa bibi.
Shakeout, Isuku, nukuri Kurangiza
Nyuma yo gukonja, casting ijya kunyeganyega. Umucanga urakomanga ku buryo bukabije, kandi guta biragaragara, bishyushye kandi bitwikiriye umusenyi watwitswe. Nibintu byambere bigaragara mubikorwa byawe. Urimo gushakisha inenge zigaragara: flash nini, amakosa akomeye, cores zacitse. Amarembo na risers biravaho, mubisanzwe binyuze mumatara cyangwa igitambaro.
Noneho haza gukora isuku, akenshi igice kinini cyibikorwa byinshi. Ibi birimo guturika kurasa kugirango ukureho igipimo cyumucanga gisigaye, hanyuma ugasya ibisigisigi by amarembo na risers, hamwe nibisumizi byose. Aha niho ubwiza bwibikorwa byawe nibikorwa byibanze bigaragarira. Ifumbire ikozwe neza hamwe ningingo zifatika bizagabanya gusya bikenewe. Akazi keza gasobanura amasaha y'akazi kiyongereye hamwe no gusya inguni, kongeramo ikiguzi no kwangirika kwangirika ubwacyo iyo urusyo rwanyerera. Ku masosiyete atanga ibisubizo byuzuye bya serivisi, nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), iyi gahunda ihuriweho nyuma yo gukina ni ngombwa. Hamwe nimyaka irenga 30 mugukina no gutunganya, bumva ko casting itarangiye iyo ivuye kumusenyi; birangiye iyo byiteguye kumurongo wabakiriya. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukurikira guta umucanga hamwe na CNC itunganijwe neza murugo ninyungu zingenzi, kwemeza ibipimo bikomeye bifatwa kandi bikiza umukiriya guhuza abacuruzi benshi.
Ubugenzuzi bubaho muriki cyiciro. Kugenzura ibipimo, kugenzura kugaragara kubutunenge bwubuso, kandi akenshi ibizamini bidasenya nkibara ryinjira cyangwa ibizamini bya ultrasonic kubice bikomeye. Nicyiciro cyo gutekereza. Rimwe na rimwe, gukina bisa neza neza nyuma yo kunyeganyezwa byerekana kugabanuka gukabije cyangwa gushiramo umucanga nyuma yo guturika. Ugomba guhitamo: birashobora gusanwa no gusudira (kandi umukiriya azabimwemerera?), Cyangwa ni ibisakuzo? Igipimo cy'umusaruro ni igitutu gihoraho.
Ibintu bifatika: Ntabwo ibyuma byose byakozwe kimwe
Iyo dusobanuye icyuma, ni umuryango mugari. Kumucanga, icyuma cyumuhondo (Flake Graphite Iron) nicyo gikunze kugaragara, gishimwa nubushobozi bwacyo bwo kugabanuka, imashini, hamwe n’amazi meza. Ariko icyuma cyimyanda (Nodular Graphite Iron) kiragenda kigaragara kubice bisaba imbaraga nimbaraga zikomeye. Itandukaniro riri muburyo bwo kuvura-kongeramo magnesium cyangwa cerium kugirango spheroidize grafite. Ubu buvuzi nigikorwa cyoroshye; igihe cyashize nikintu, kandi kigomba gukorwa mbere yo gusuka. Byumve nabi, hanyuma ubone grafite igabanuka, yica imashini.
Ibyuma bivanze byongeweho urundi rwego. Ongeramo chromium yo kurwanya kwambara, nikel yo kurwanya ruswa, cyangwa molybdenum kugirango imbaraga zubushyuhe bwo hejuru zihindura byose - imyitozo yo gushonga, imyitwarire yo kugabanuka, imashini. Aha niho hasuzumwa ubuhanga bwa metallurgical. Amaduka nka QSY, yerekana uburambe hamwe nuduseke twihariye harimo nikel ishingiye kuri nikel hamwe na cobalt ishingiye ku mavuta, yakwegera ibyuma bivanze hamwe nibitekerezo bigoye byo kugenzura. Amahame ya guta umucanga guma, ariko impinduka ziragwira.
Guhitamo icyiciro cya fer bigira ingaruka muburyo bwo gushushanya ubwayo. Igice cyagenewe ibyuma byangirika gishobora gukenera gutandukana bitandukanye nigice kimwe cyicyuma cyumuhondo bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukomera. Iyi ni ingingo yo kunanirwa mu itumanaho hagati yabashushanyije. Dufate ko icyuma ari icyuma kiganisha ku kugaburira nabi no kunanirwa gutunguranye muri serivisi.
Kurangiza Ibitekerezo: Inzira yo Guhuza
Noneho, guta umucanga ni kure yubuhanga bwa primitique. Ni urunigi rwibikorwa bifitanye isano: gutegura umucanga, gukora igishushanyo mbonera, gukora intoki, kugenzura gushonga, gusuka, no kurangiza. Intege nke muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose zimena urunigi. Ikigezweho ubu kijyanye no kwishyira hamwe, aho uruganda rugira uruhare hakiri kare mugice cyo gushushanya kugirango rutange inama kubyakozwe, kandi aho nyuma yo gutara nko gutunganya imashini bifatwa nkigice cyo gukomeza akazi. Nibijyanye no gutanga ibice bikora, ntabwo ari casting gusa.
Ubuhanga nyabwo buri mukuringaniza izi mpinduka zose mubukungu. Ni imyitozo yubatswe ku byegeranijwe, rimwe na rimwe birababaza, uburambe. Wigira kubintu byose byasutswe, uhereye kubisesenguye byose. Intego ni uguhuzagurika - gutanga umusaruro wa casting ijana hamwe nubwiza bwa mbere. Ngiyo ikibazo nyacyo cyubukorikori, kandi nicyo gitandukanya uruganda rukora akazi numufatanyabikorwa wizewe wibikoresho byuzuye.
