Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'ibyuma bikozwe mu byuma', bashushanya ikintu cyoroshye, kiremereye, kandi mvugishije ukuri, gishaje. Ngiyo imyumvire ya mbere itari yo. Ikigaragara ni, mubikorwa byihariye byinganda, ntakintu gihuye neza no kunyeganyega no kwambara birwanya gukora neza ibikoresho by'icyuma. Amayeri ntabwo ari uguhitamo icyuma, ahubwo ni ukumenya neza igihe nogukoresha. Nabonye imishinga myinshi idasubirwaho ibyuma cyangwa ibyuma byoroheje kubera gusa ko injeniyeri atari amenyereye nuduce twinshi twicyuma cyangwa ibyuma byuma byuma. Ntabwo ari ikintu kimwe-gikwiye-igisubizo, kandi kubyumva nabi bisobanura kunanirwa imburagihe, urusaku, nigihe cyo guhenda.
Guhitamo Ibikoresho ntabwo ari imbaraga gusa
Reka tuganire amanota. Icyuma cyijimye, nkicyiciro cya 30 cyangwa 35, gifite ubwo bushobozi buhebuje bwo kuvuga. Nibyiza cyane kugabanya ibyuma byogosha mumashini manini, yihuta-tekereza ibikoresho byubucukuzi cyangwa convoyeur ziremereye. Ariko ntushobora gufata igishushanyo cyibikoresho byibyuma hanyuma ukabisuka mubyuma. Imbaraga zingutu no kurwanya ingaruka ziri hasi. Ndibuka umushinga wibikoresho byumye byumye. Igishushanyo cyambere mubyuma byo mucyiciro cyo hasi cyicyatsi cyakomeje gukura mikorobe kumizi yinyo nyuma y amezi make yikurikiranya. Guhangayikishwa cyane ni umwicanyi.
Aho niho ibyuma byangirika (icyuma cyitwa nodular) byinjira. Ibyiciro nka 65-45-12 cyangwa 80-55-06 bitanga imbaraga nziza hamwe no kugabanuka. Yitwara cyane nkibyuma ariko ikagumana bimwe muribyiza byiza byicyuma. Twahinduye ibyo bikoresho byo gusya impapuro tujya mu cyuma gihindagurika hamwe na materique ferritic-pearlitis, maze ikibazo kirashira. Urufunguzo rwari uguhindura radiyo yuzuye kumenyo yinyo mugihe cyo gushushanya kugirango ihuze neza nibintu. Ibi ntabwo ari CAD y'inguge; bisaba kumenya uburyo ibintu bitembera mubibumbano hamwe no kugabanuka bishobora gutera ibibanza bidakomeye.
Noneho hariho umukino wibintu byimikino. Ongeramo gato ya chromium cyangwa molybdenum birashobora kongera imbaraga zo kwihanganira no gukomera, ariko kandi bigira ingaruka kumashini. Ntushobora kwerekana gusa kongeramo chrome utarinze gusuzuma inzira zose. Umufatanyabikorwa, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), bimaze kumurika ibi kumurongo wibyuma bya pompe. Bafashe ko ibyingenzi byavuzwe haruguru byari gutuma CNC ya nyuma yishimisha kandi ikagira inzozi mbi, igatwika ibikoresho. Igitekerezo cyabo cyo guhindura ibipimo bya alloy no guhindura ubushyuhe bwa post-casting byakijije uwo mushinga. Ngiyo agaciro k'umutanga ufite ibishingwe byimbitse hamwe nuburambe bwo gutunganya munsi yinzu.
Uburyo bwo Gutera Ibintu Birenze Ibyo Utekereza
Gutera umusenyi ni ukujya kuri benshi, ariko kumenyo yinyo akenera kurangiza neza neza no guhuza ibipimo bivuye mubibumbano, ibishishwa (shell mold casting) akenshi ni intangiriro yo gutangira ubwenge. Umusenyi uhujwe na resin utanga ubuso bworoshye cyane, bivuze amafaranga make yimigabane yo gutunganya amenyo yanyuma. Gutunganya bike bivuze ko uzigama uruhu rwashizwemo, akenshi rukaba ari urwego rukomeye kandi rwihanganira kwambara.
Nakoze ikosa hakiri kare, mfata casting nkubusa. Twakuyeho umwirondoro w'amenyo yose uhereye kumusenyi wambaye ubusa kubikoresho binini bidafite akazi. Igisubizo? Yambaraga kimwe. Ubuso bwongeye gutunganywa ntabwo bwari bufite ububobere cyangwa imiterere ya grafite nkubuso bwakorewe. Isomo ryize: inzira yo gukina nintambwe yambere yo gukora iryinyo ryibikoresho, ntabwo ari ugukora ishusho gusa. Aha niho isosiyete ihuriweho hamwe, nka QSY yihariye muri yombi Igikonoshwa na Imashini ya CNC, yerekana agaciro kayo. Barateganya gutunganya datum nindamunite zijyanye nigishushanyo mbonera.
Kubikoresho bidasanzwe cyangwa bito bito, gushora imari birashobora guhitamo, ariko hamwe nicyuma, ntibisanzwe kubera ubushyuhe bwashushe hamwe nubushuhe. Nibisanzwe kubikoresho byabo byihariye. Ingingo ni, guhitamo hagati yumucanga, igikonoshwa, ndetse no guta centrifugal bigira ingaruka kumiterere yingano, kumvikana, kandi amaherezo, imikorere yibikoresho munsi yumutwaro. Ugomba guhuza uburyo nubunini bwibikoresho, ingano, nubwiza bwurwego.
Imashini: Aho Theoretical ihura nukuri
Aha niho inzozi za geometrie itunganye yibereye mubyukuri igikoresho cyo kuganira. Ibyuma bikozwemo biroroshye. Gukora iryinyo ryibikoresho, cyane cyane kwishimisha cyangwa gushushanya, bisaba gushiraho no gukoresha ibikoresho bya geometrike kugirango wirinde kuvunika kumpera. Coolant (cyangwa kubura) ni impaka nini. Bamwe bararahira gutunganya byumye hamwe na karubide isize kugirango birinde ihungabana ryumuriro hamwe numuvurungano wumukungugu wicyuma uvanze na coolant. Abandi bakoresha imashini ikonjesha cyane kugirango bahunge chip kandi bagenzure ubushyuhe.
Nshingiye ku cyuma cyangwa MQL (amavuta yo kwisiga ntarengwa) kuri benshi ibikoresho by'ibyuma nyuma yuburambe bubi hamwe na coolant seepage. Twari dufite icyiciro cyibikoresho byuma byuma bikoreshwa mubuhinzi. Nyuma yo gutunganya, gukonjesha bisigaye byegeranijwe mu mwobo wa bolt na galeries. Byateje ruswa yaho mugihe cyo koherezwa, biganisha ku kirego kibi. Noneho, turerekana neza isuku no gukama protocole ako kanya nyuma yo kuyikora. Byumvikane shingiro, ariko nibi bisobanuro birambuye bitandukanya igice cyiza nigice cyizewe.
Kurangiza ibikorwa nko gusya cyangwa kubaha rimwe na rimwe birakenewe kubikorwa byihuse. Ariko ugomba kwitonda. Ubushyuhe bukabije bwo gusya burashobora guhindura microstructure yubuso, bikarema uduce tworoshye, duto duto dushobora gutemba. Akenshi nibyiza guhitamo intego yo murwego rwohejuru rwimashini irangiye uhereye kuri hobber cyangwa shaper kuruta guteganya gusya byose. Na none, iragaruka mugushushanya inzira yose inyuma uhereye kubice bisabwa byanyuma.
Ibyiza byo gutanga isoko
Gukemura uruganda rusuka ibyuma gusa hamwe niduka ryimashini ikata ibyuma gusa bitera guterana amagambo no gutunga urutoki. Iyo ibikoresho byananiranye, uruganda rurega gutunganya, naho umukanishi ashinja casting. Kugira ingingo imwe yinshingano zombi zo gukina no gutunganya, nkicyitegererezo cyakoreshejwe na QSY, Gucamo. Imyaka mirongo itatu ishize yo gukina no gutunganya bivuze ko babonye uburyo akavuyo kagabanuka ahantu runaka kazasenya igikoresho cyo kwishimisha nyuma yintambwe eshatu. Barashobora guhindura ibishushanyo mbonera byumutwe cyangwa uburyo bwo gutunganya kugirango bishyure.
Twakoranye nabo kumurongo munini wo kugabanya ibyuma bigabanya ibyuma bya marine. Ikibazo cyari ugukomeza umwirondoro w amenyo hamwe na helix ingana na diameter nini. Kuberako bagenzura ibyiciro byombi, barashobora gukora imashini ya flanges hamwe na datum zo kugenzura kuri casting ya mbere, hanyuma bagakoresha izo datum zuzuye kugirango bafate ibikoresho byo gukata amenyo. Ibi byashimangiye kwibanda no gukuraho ikosa. Ntushobora guhuza byoroshye urwo rwego rwo guhuza ibikorwa n'abacuruzi batandukanye.
Igikorwa cabo hamwe nudusimba twihariye kiramenyesha kandi imyitozo yabo. Gukemura nikel ishingiye kuri nikel irakwigisha kubyerekeye gukomera no kuvura ubushyuhe kugirango ukemure ibibazo. Ubwo bumenyi busubira inyuma kubyara umusaruro ushimishije, woroshye ibikoresho by'ibyuma. Nibi binyuranyo byubuhanga bwibintu byongera agaciro keza.
Ibitekerezo byanyuma: Ni Sisitemu, Ntabwo Ibigize
Ibyuma bikozwe mucyuma ntibibaho mu cyuho. Imikorere yacyo ihujwe no gukomera kwamazu, guhuza ibiti, imiterere yibikoresho byo gushyingiranwa (bikunze kuba ibyuma), hamwe na sisitemu yo gusiga. Kugaragaza ibikoresho by'ibikoresho ni ihuriro rimwe. Ugomba gusuzuma sisitemu yose ya tribologiya. Kurugero, ibishushanyo bya grafite mubyuma byicyatsi birashobora gukora nkamavuta akomeye kurwego, bifite akamaro, ariko kandi bituma nubuso bukunda kwambara neza niba firime yo gusiga ivunitse.
Ikintu kinini? Ntugasobanure ibyuma bikozwe mucyuma. Ihuze numufatanyabikorwa wawe wo gukora murwego rwo gushushanya. Sangira inzinguzingo, ibidukikije bikora, urusaku rusabwa. Reka uburambe bwabo bufatika buyobore urwego rwibintu, uburyo bwo gukina, nuburyo bwo gutunganya. Bishobora gusobanura guhitamo icyuma gihenze cyane hejuru yicyuma kijimye, ariko ukirinda guhagarika umwe utateganijwe byishyura iyo premium inshuro ijana.
Amaherezo, gutsinda ibikoresho by'ibyuma biva kububaha imiterere yihariye yibikoresho no gutegura intambwe zose zakozwe kugirango zuzuze iyo mico. Nubukorikori bukorwa, ntabwo ari itegeko ryo kugura gusa.
