Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'CNC ikora neza,' bahita batekereza kwihanganira cyane, nka santimetero 0.001 cyangwa microni 5. Nicyo kiganiro cy'agatabo. Inkuru nyayo, imwe ituma abashinzwe gucunga amaduka nijoro, yerekeranye no guhuzagurika, ntabwo ari umubare gusa kurupapuro rwihariye. Ni itandukaniro hagati yo gukubita kwihanganira igice kimwe cyuzuye no kugifata hejuru ya magana atanu, ukoresheje ibikoresho, gutwarwa nubushyuhe, hamwe nibintu bidahuye. Aho niho ubuhanga nyabwo, nigiciro nyacyo, kiri.
Ibishushanyo Byanditse Byuzuye
Nabonye ibishushanyo byinshi byinjira hamwe na buri kintu cyerekanwe ku kwihanganira abasazi, nka ± 0.0002. Irataka ko uwashizeho atigeze ahagarara kumashini. Bapfukirana ibirindiro byabo, ariko bituma akazi gahenze bidakenewe. Ukuri kwukuri mubikorwa bya CNC bitangirana nigishushanyo cyubwenge. Ukwo kwihanganira gushobora kuruhuka niba ari mumaso idakemangwa? Igice gikeneye rwose kurangiza kuri buri buso? Umukanishi mwiza, cyangwa umufatanyabikorwa mwiza nka QSY, azasubiza inyuma kuri ibyo bicapo. Ntabwo ari ugukata inguni; nibijyanye no gukoresha neza aho bifite akamaro. Gupfusha ubusa imbaraga zidakomeye ninzira yizewe yo guhanura bije mbere yuko igikoresho cya mbere gikora ku cyuma.
Guhitamo ibikoresho nigitugu cyicecekeye cyukuri. Urashobora gukora progaramu yuburyo bwiza cyane bwa aluminium, ariko gerageza uburyo bumwe kuri gummy 304 idafite ibyuma cyangwa ibyuma bikomye, hanyuma uzarebe neza neza neza. Ibikoresho birwanira inyuma. Iratandukana, irashyuha, ikora-ikomeye. Gukorana na alloys idasanzwe QSY ivuga-ishingiye kuri nikel, ishingiye kuri cobalt-yongeraho urundi rwego. Ibi ntabwo ari ibyuma bikomeye gusa; bitwara mu buryo butandukanye munsi yo gukata. Ibiryo byawe, umuvuduko, ndetse nuburyo bwibikoresho bigomba kuba byubakiye kumiterere yibikoresho, ntabwo ari urwego rukomeye. Kubona ibisobanuro hano ntabwo ari bike kubushobozi bwimashini nibindi bijyanye nubumenyi bwibikoresho bya porogaramu.
Noneho hariho gushiraho. Aha niho havuka 80% yamakosa asobanutse, muburambe bwanjye. Vise ifite igihumbi igereranije, igihangano nticyicaye neza kubera burr ntoya, ikariso ifite umukungugu-byose biragwira. Ibi nabyize inzira igoye hakiri kare, nkurikirana ikibazo cyo kwiruka kumurongo wa lathe kumasaha, gusa nasanze chip hafi itagaragara yiziritse munsi y'urwasaya. Imashini yari itunganye; inzira yanjye ntiyari. Noneho, igice cya mbere cyamasaha yambere yakazi ako ari ugusukura, kugenzura, no kwerekana. Irumva itinda, ariko nuburyo bwihuse kubice byiza.
Ibikoresho, Ubushyuhe bwa Thermal, na Werurwe yigihe
Kwambara ibikoresho ntabwo ari umurongo, kandi ni umwanzi wibisobanuro byuzuye. Urashobora guhamagara mumashya-mashya hanyuma ukabona ibisubizo byiza. Ariko nyuma yibice mirongo itanu, icyo gikoresho cyatakaje micron yuruhande rwacyo. Igice kiracyagaragara neza, ariko ibipimo byahindutse muburyo bworoshye. Kubikorwa byukuri-byuzuye, ukeneye ingamba zo kwishyura. Ibi birashobora gusobanura ibikoresho byateganijwe mbere yo gutsindwa, murwego rwo kugerageza gupima no guhindura offsets mu buryo bwikora, cyangwa gushushanya ibintu kugirango birangizwe nigikoresho cyabigenewe, gishya. Nintambara yiruka kuri entropiya.
Kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe ni umuzimu muri mashini. Uruganda rwa CNC ntabwo ari icyuma gihamye; nikintu kizima gikura uko gishyuha. Gukora akazi kihuta cyane mumashini yamasaha ane bizahindura imashini ya geometrie kuva itangiye kugeza irangiye. Spindle iraguka, imipira irashyuha, casting ihinduka. Kubikorwa bya ultra-precision, ukeneye imashini ifite sisitemu yo gucunga ibintu bidasanzwe, cyangwa ugomba gushiramo imashini - reka ikore ubushyuhe bwayo kugeza igeze ku bushyuhe buhamye. Kandi na nyuma yaho, ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bwibidukikije bifite akamaro. Impamyabumenyi ya dogere 10 ya Fahrenheit kuva mugitondo kugeza nyuma ya saa sita irashobora guta akazi kamaze igihe. Nabonye ibice bitambutsa QC saa cyenda za mugitondo bikananirana saa tatu za mugitondo kuri CMM imwe kuko ntamuntu wabaze iduka rishyuha.
Aha niho kuramba kwikigo, nkimyaka 30 ya QSY, bihindura muburyo busobanutse. Ntabwo ari ukugira imashini zigezweho gusa (nubwo ibyo bifasha). Nukugira ubumenyi bwamoko. Bazi uburyo imashini zabo zitwara. Bazi ko Machine 3 ikora ubushyuhe buke kuri Y-axis, bityo bakishyura muri gahunda. Bubatse amasomero y'ibipimo byagaragaye kubikoresho bitandukanye - ntabwo ari ibyuma rusange gusa, ahubwo kubwicyiciro cyihariye cyicyuma cyangwa ingese bakoresha muri kiriya cyumweru. Uru rwibutso rwinzego nigikoresho cyuzuye udashobora kugura.
Igipimo: Umucamanza wanyuma, ufite amakosa
Ntushobora kuvuga neza neza utavuze uko ubipima. Iri ni irindi tandukaniro rinini hagati yimyumvire nimyitozo. Igice gishobora gupima neza kuri micrometero y'intoki, ariko igenzura ingingo imwe gusa. Uburinganire bwa geometrike nyayo - uburinganire, perpendicularity, kwibanda - bukenera CMM cyangwa sisitemu yo kureba. Kandi nubwo bimeze bityo, uri ku mbabazi za gahunda ya kalibrasi, ubuhanga bwabakozi, hamwe nisuku yikigice. Nagiye impaka na QC inshuro zirenze imwe aho itandukaniro ryari urutoki hejuru yo gupima cyangwa guhitamo datum itandukanye. Gusobanura CNC ikora neza bisaba kubanza gusobanura neza uburyo, aho, hamwe nibyo bizapimwa.
Ibintu byabantu mubipimo ni byinshi. Umunaniro, kunanirwa amaso, ndetse nigitutu gikoreshwa nigikoresho cyintoki kirashobora gutandukana. Niyo mpamvu kubintu byingenzi, wimuka mugupima byikora cyangwa kugenzura gushingiye. Ikuraho impinduka. Ariko gushiraho ibyo kugenzura neza ni ubuhanzi ubwabwo. Igomba kuba isobanutse neza kuruta igice igenzura, kandi igomba kubara uburyo igice kizakoreshwa. Kugenzura igice muri leta yubuntu no kugenzura ko byafashwe nkuko byari mu nteko birashobora gutanga ibisubizo bibiri bitandukanye. Ninde ufite ukuri?
Icyitonderwa muburyo bukurikira: Ihuza rya Casting
Aha niho icyitegererezo cya QSY gishimishije. Bakora casting na Imashini ya CNC. Ibi ni binini kubisobanuro. Niba urimo gukora imashini yaguzwe, utangirana nikitazwi. Hashobora kubaho ibibanza bikomeye, kugabanuka imbere, cyangwa amafaranga yimigabane idahuye. Urwana na casting kuva gukata kwambere. Ariko niba itsinda ryimashini riri munsi yinzu imwe nishingiro, nko kuri QSY, barashobora gufatanya kuva bagitangira. Uruganda rushobora kubwirwa, Dukeneye 0.5mm yinyongera kuriyi sura kugirango dusukure, cyangwa Urashobora gushyira irembo hano kugirango wirinde ubu buso bukomeye? Umukanishi abona casting yagenewe gukorwa neza. Ubwo bugenzuzi bwo hejuru ni nini, akenshi yirengagizwa, igice cyanyuma cyukuri.
Kurugero, hamwe nishoramari, urashobora kubona hafi-net-shusho ibice. Gutunganya neza noneho bihinduka nko gukubita bores zikomeye, insinga, hamwe no gufunga hejuru, aho gukuraho ibintu byinshi. Ibi bihindura imitekerereze yose yikigice mugihe cyo gutunganya. Gukuraho ibintu bike bisobanura amahirwe make yigice cyimuka cyangwa kigoreka nkuko ubikata. Igikorwa cyo gutunganya kiba gihamye kandi giteganijwe kuva igice cya mbere kugeza igice igihumbi.
Igiciro Cyukuri cyo Kwirukana Zeru
Buri cyiciro cyubunini muburyo bwuzuye byongera ibiciro kuburyo bugaragara. Kujya kuri ± 0.010 kugeza ± 0.005 bishobora gusobanura igipimo cyibiryo byihuse nigikoresho gityaye. Uhereye kuri ± 0.001 ukagera kuri 0.0005 birashobora gusaba icyumba kigenzurwa nikirere, spindles zidasanzwe, ibikoresho bya diyama, n'amasaha ya metero. Ikibazo buri gihe kigomba kuba: mubyukuri gusaba iki? Umubiri wa hydraulic valve ukenera neza kubutaka bwa kashe hamwe na bore, ariko hanze irashobora kuba nziza muburyo bwo kwihanganira ibintu. Gukoresha igipangu, ultra-high precision nikintu cyiza cyane gishobora gukoreshwa.
Rimwe na rimwe, gukurikirana neza neza gushushanya birashobora gutuma igice kidakora. Ndibuka igiti cyari gikeneye gukanda. Ibishushanyo mbonera byerekana indorerwamo irangiza hamwe no kwihanganira diameter. Mubyukuri, kurangiza gato bitoroshye (mubitekerezo) biha imashini ikwirakwiza ikintu cyo kuruma, bigatera ubumwe bukomeye. Tugomba kugira icyo kiganiro. Icyitonderwa ntabwo ari intego idafatika; nibisabwa bikora. Ikora intego yibice kwisi, hamwe nimbaraga nyazo, ubushyuhe nyabwo, hamwe nuburyo bwo guterana.
Iyo rero ntekereje CNC ikora neza ubu, simbona umubare gusa. Ndabona urunigi: igishushanyo cyumvikana, ibikoresho bikwiye, inzira ihamye, igikoresho gityaye kandi cyunvikana, ibidukikije bigenzurwa, hamwe na gahunda yo gupima. Gabanya umurongo uwo ariwo wose, kandi ibisobanuro biratandukana. Ni disipuline yuzuye, ntabwo ihinduka uhinduranya kugenzura imashini. Nibisya bya buri munsi byo kwita kubintu bito ijana abantu benshi batigeze babona. Nibyo bitandukanya igice gihuye gusa nigice gikora, cyizewe, umwaka nuwundi. Kandi ibyo nibyo amaherezo ibigo bimara muriki gice, nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology, bigurisha rwose.
