Iyo ubonye Co 20 kurupapuro rwihariye cyangwa icyemezo cyibikoresho, igitekerezo cyahise akenshi kijyanye nibirimo cobalt. Ngiyo umutego wambere. Mu myaka mirongo itatu tumaze dukora ibivangwa na cobalt yo gushora imari no gutunganya neza, namenye ko umubare ukurikira 'Co' ari gake cyane. Nibisobanuro bigufi, byunvikana kumuryango wa alloys, kandi ibisobanuro byayo birashobora gukora cyangwa guhagarika imikorere yibigize murwego. Amatsinda menshi yo gutanga amasoko arabibona akibwira ko arimo kubona ibikoresho bisanzwe, bitari hanze. Ukuri ni akajagari kandi birashimishije cyane. Yerekana itsinda rya alloys aho cobalt ariryo shingiro, ariko satani-hamwe nimikorere - iri mubindi 20-ish kwijana ryibigize kandi, cyane cyane, amateka yo gutunganya.
Kugenwa nabi
Reka tubisobanure neza: Co 20 ntabwo arimwe, gisobanuwe neza kivanze nka 304 idafite umwanda. Nibindi byinshi byubucuruzi cyangwa inganda zisanzwe zerekana kobalt-chromium ivanze, akenshi igwa mubipimo nka ASTM F75 cyangwa bisa. '20' yerekana urufunguzo ruvanze rw'ibintu, akenshi chromium, yicara hafi 26-30%, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe molybdenum. Ibirimo cobalt mubyukuri nibyinshi, akenshi birenga 50%. Izina rero ni hafi kuyobora. Njye namaze amasaha kuri terefone nsobanurira aba injeniyeri bemezaga ko gushushanya kwabo atari byo. Basobanura Co 20 dutegereje chimie itomoye, kandi tugomba gusubira mubisabwa mubikorwa byukuri: kwambara birwanya, kurwanya ruswa kuri temps nyinshi, biocompatibilité? Ibyo byerekana resept nyayo.
Uku kudasobanuka niho fondasiyo na mashini binjiza ibyo bakeneye. Mu iduka ryacu, Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), turabona ibi bisobanuro byinjiye mubice bigenewe serivisi zikomeye - trim trim mu gutunganya hydrocarubone yangirika, cyangwa kwambara amasahani mu buhinzi-mashini. Ikiganiro cyambere gihora gitemba kuva muri rusange Co 20 kubikenewe byihariye. Igice cya nyuma cyananiwe no gukubita? Cyangwa byari ikibazo cy'umunaniro wa ruswa? Guhindura ibivanze biva hariya byoroshye ariko bifatika.
Ndibuka umushinga wo kugenzura icyerekezo cya valve, wenda imyaka itanu inyuma. Umurage wabakiriya umurage umaze kuvuga Co 20. Barimo gutemba imburagihe. Twasesenguye igice cyatsinzwe dusanga atari ikibazo kinini cyo kurwanya ruswa aricyo kibazo; yari ihuriro ryubukomere buke no gukwirakwiza karbide nabi mumaso ya kashe. Amavuta 20 bakoreshaga yari asanzwe ari umukinnyi wa F75, nibyiza kubintu byinshi, ariko ntabwo arubwo buryo bwihariye bwo kwangiza-kwangirika. Twasabye ko hahindurwa ibice bigenzurwa cyane na karubone hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gutunganya amashyuza nyuma yo guta. Igisubizo nticyari izina ritandukanye, gusa ni verisiyo nziza yiki Co 20 birashobora kuba kuri bo. Icyo gice kiracyakora, nabwiwe.
Kuva gushonga kugeza kumashini: Inzira nigicuruzwa
Ntushobora kuvuga kuri ibi bikoresho utabanje kwanduza amaboko inzira. Ibiranga cobalt-chromium alloy ntabwo ari bike kubijyanye na chimie nominal utangirana nibindi bijyanye nuburyo ubishimangira ukabifata nyuma. Aha niho inzira yacu ihuriweho kuri QSY ibintu. Kugenzura urugendo kuva shell shell kugeza kumashini ya nyuma ya CNC munsi yinzu imwe ntabwo ari imikorere gusa; ni ibijyanye no gukurikiranwa no gukumira umwanda cyangwa gutakaza imitungo ku ntoki.
Mu gushora imari, ubushyuhe bwo gusuka nigipimo cyo gukonja kuri a Co 20-ubwoko bwubwoko bukomeye nibyingenzi kugabanya micro-porosity no kugenzura imiterere yintete. Byihuta cyane, kandi ushobora guhura nibibazo; gahoro cyane, kandi ibyiciro bya karbide birashobora kuba bibi cyane kandi byoroshye. Twinjije ibihumbi byinshi byo gusuka, kandi ikaye (ubu ni base de base) yuzuye ibintu bike byahinduwe - impinduka ya dogere selisiyusi 15 muri superheat, ihinduka ryubushyuhe mbere yubushyuhe - byakemuye ibibazo byihariye nko gutanyagura bishyushye kuri geometrie runaka. Ibi ntabwo ari ibintu byibitabo; nubumenyi bwamoko bwubatswe kuva kunanirwa no gutsinda.
Hanyuma haza gutunganya. Abantu basuzugura uburyo aya mavuta akomeye. Bakora-mukanya mukanya. Igikoresho cyijimye cyangwa igipimo cyo kugaburira ibiryo ntabwo kwambara igikoresho gusa; ihindura ubuso bwubuso bwigice, ikarema urwego ruciriritse, rushobora gutangira ibice muri serivisi. Ibi twabyize inzira igoye hakiri kare, dusibanganya icyiciro cya casting zifite agaciro kanini kuko hejuru yahindutse hagaragazaga uduce duto duto duto twagenzuwe. Igisubizo cyari uburyo bwibikoresho bikarishye, bipfundikijwe bya karbide, ubukonje bwumuvuduko mwinshi neza kuruhande, hamwe nibitekerezo bihamye. Biratinda, ariko nuburyo bwonyine bwo gutanga igice gikora nkuko amavuta agenewe. Uwiteka QSY urubuga ruvuga ubushobozi bwa CNC, ariko agaciro nyako ni ugukoresha ubwo busobanuro kubikoresho bizwi cyane.
Amahirwe ya Alloying: Kurenza Cobalt
Gutura kuri base ya cobalt wenyine ni ikosa. Ubumaji-hamwe nubuhanga-biri mubindi bisanduku. Nickel ikunze kuboneka mugukemura gukomeye no gushimangira imiterere ya austenitis. Chromium, nkuko byavuzwe, ni ya pasiporo ya oxyde itanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa. Ariko rero, winjiye mubirimo bya karubone, bigize karbide zikomeye. Carbone nkeya, kandi kwambara birwanya ububabare; cyane, kandi urabangamira ductility na machinability. Molybdenum na tungsten byongeweho kugirango bikemuke neza, bizamura imikorere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Twakoraga kuri pompe ya pompe kugirango dukoreshe geothermal aho ibidukikije byari-chloride nubushyuhe bwinshi. Igipimo Co 20 formulaire ntiyakoraga neza. Gukosora harimo guhindura molybdenum na tungsten kugirango hongerwe imbaraga za firime irinda okiside munsi yamagare yumuriro, no kugabanya karubone gato kugirango irusheho guhangana nubushyuhe bwumuriro. Byari urwego rwa bespoke, ariko rwakuze ruva muriyo ngingo Co 20 igisekuru. Nibisanzwe, ntabwo aribyo, kubisaba gusaba.
Guhitamo iburyo bukunze kumanuka muburyo bwambere bwo gutesha agaciro. Nukwikuramo neza? Impinduka ndende ya karubone irashobora kuba nziza. Nukwangirika hamwe ningaruka zigihe kimwe? Noneho gukomera no kurwanya ruswa bifata umwanya wa mbere, byerekana karubone yo hasi, nikel yo hejuru / chromium. Kugira umufasha nka QSY, hamwe nuburambe bwimbitse muri casting no gutunganya izo variants, ni ngombwa kuko umusaruro uhinduka hamwe na buri tweak. Umuti utera neza ushobora kuba inzozi kumashini, naho ubundi.
Kunanirwa nkumwarimu: Iyo Co 20 idahagije
Ntabwo inkuru zose zifite intsinzi isukuye. Kera mugihe cyanjye hano, twasubije icyiciro cya kashe ya turbine kashe yagarutse. Byerekanwe nkibisanzwe bya cobalt-chromium, twatunganije nkibisanzwe Co 20-ubwoko bushonga. Batsinze ibizamini bisanzwe bya mashini na chimique. Ariko muri serivisi, bahinduye munsi yumutwaro hakiri kare nkuko byari byitezwe. Isesengura rya post-mortem ryagaragaje ikibazo: mugihe chimie nini yari imeze neza, twari twabuze ibyo umukiriya atavuze (kandi bidashushanyije) kugirango imbaraga nkeya zitangirika ku bushyuhe bwihariye. Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe, buhagije kuri 90% ya porogaramu, ntabwo bwateje imbere imiterere ya karbide ikenewe kuri iyo ntera yinyongera.
Iri ryari isomo ry'ingenzi. Noneho, guhura na spec ntabwo arangije ikiganiro. Turasuzuma ibidukikije bikora: ubushyuhe bukomeza, ubushyuhe bwumuriro, ubwoko bwo gupakira, ibikoresho byo guhuza. Urupapuro rwihariye Co 20 ni intangiriro yo kuganira kubuhanga, ntabwo ari umurongo wo kurangiza. Twubatse isomero rito rya microstructures iranga inzira zinyuranye zitunganyirizwa, ubu rero dushobora kenshi kwereka abakiriya, Ibi nibyo ubona hamwe na Route A, kandi ibi nukuzamura imbaraga zimbibi zimbibi hamwe ninzira B. Bituma ikiganiro gifatika.
Undi mutego uhuriweho nukwibwira ko aya mavuta adashoboka. Zirinda ruswa cyane, ariko ntizikingira. Twabonye ikibazo cyo kwangirika kwangirika ku kintu cyakozwe neza mu ruganda rukora imiti. Nyirabayazana yari ibinyabuzima bya sulfuru mu buryo butunganijwe, ibyo bivanga bishobora kubyumva. Igisubizo nticyari gitandukanye, ahubwo cyahinduwe muburyo bwo kugabanya imihangayiko no kuvura gato. Byashimangiye ko guhitamo ibikoresho ari ikibazo cya sisitemu.
Imyifatire Yukuri-Isi
Noneho ibi byose bihurira he? Reba inganda zose zisunika ibikoresho kurimbi. Muri peteroli na gaze, ni ibikoresho byo hasi hamwe nintebe za valve zireba gaze isharira. Mugutunganya ibiryo, ni kwambara ibice bigomba kurwanya ruswa ikomoka kubicuruzwa bya acide no guhindagurika kenshi. Mu kubyara amashanyarazi, yambara impeta na kashe muri pompe zikoresha isazi yivu yangiza. Muri buri gihugu, Co 20 niyo tike yo kwinjira, ariko pasiporo yanyuma yibikoresho yashyizweho kashe hamwe na cumi ntoya, ihinduka rikomeye.
Agaciro k'umukoresha ntabwo ari ugushonga gusa no gusuka kurwego rusanzwe. Ni mubucamanza bwakusanyirijwe hamwe - kumenya igihe gutandukana gato mubyuma (ikintu cya tramp gikunze kwirengagizwa) bishobora kugira ingaruka kumiterere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru kubakiriya runaka, cyangwa uburyo bwo guhindura ibiryo byo gutunganya nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe kugirango wirinde gukuramo karbide hejuru. Nibikorwa bidashimishije, birambuye-bishingiye kubikorwa bisobanura ubuziranenge.
Umunsi urangiye, Co 20 ni ikiganiro gitangira. Byerekana ko hakenewe ibikoresho bicaye muri uwo mwanya wihariye hagati yicyuma kitagira umwanda na nikel superalloys - akenshi bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo kwambara-kwangirika-gukomera kubiciro. Ariko porogaramu yayo igenda neza ishingiye ku kwimura ikirango. Bisaba ubufatanye nuwabitanze yumva ko umubare ari icyerekezo gusa, kandi aho ugana ni ikintu kibaho kandi kigatera imbere mumuriro utazima ukeneye. Ngiyo urugendo turimo gukora burimunsi, kuva mu itanura kuri QSY kugeza kumurongo wanyuma wokwinjira kumasanduku yoherejwe.
