Iyo umuntu avuze ibice bisobanutse neza, ubwenge bwinshi burahita busimbuka kwihanganira gukomeye gushushanya. ± 0.005mm, Ra 0.4, ibintu nkibyo. Ubwo ni ubuso. Ikiganiro nyacyo, kibera kumaduka cyangwa mugihe cyo guhamagara utanga isoko, kijyanye nibintu byose bibaho hirya no hino muri iyo mibare. Byerekeranye no gutekana - ntabwo ari imashini gusa, ahubwo nibikoresho, inzira, ndetse nibidukikije hejuru yumusaruro wibice ibihumbi icumi. Niho ibisobanuro byukuri bihura nukuri kwagutse kwubushyuhe bwumuriro, kwambara ibikoresho, hamwe nuburyo budahuye mubice byinshi byububiko bwibyuma. Abakiriya benshi, cyane cyane bashya kubashakisha, bakosora kumuhamagaro wo kwihanganira nkibipimo byonyine byubuziranenge. Nibyo byambere, kandi akenshi bihenze cyane, imyumvire mibi.
Urufatiro: Bitangirana nubusa
Ntushobora gukora imashini mubice niba gutangira geometrie ari amayobera. Aha niho ubufatanye hagati yo gukina no gutunganya buba butaganiriweho. Nabonye imishinga yananiwe kuko ubuso bwakozwe neza bwerekanaga ububobere munsi yacyo, inenge yavutse muri casting ibyumweru mbere. Nukuri ibice-byuzuye, igishushanyo mbonera ni igikorwa cyanyuma. Igikorwa cya mbere ni ugukora ibiteganijwe, byuzuye, kandi bihamye hafi-net-shusho. Niyo mpamvu ibigo bigenzura gukina no gutunganya munsi yinzu imwe, nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), Kugira impande zitandukanye. Imyaka mirongo itatu muri shell no gushora imari bivuze ko basobanukiwe nogukora injeniyeri yubusa - umusingi - kumashini ikurikira. Nijyanye no gutegura inzira yo gukina kugirango ugabanye imihangayiko isigaye kandi utange uburebure bwurukuta ruhoraho, iyo rero igice gikubise CNC, ntabwo kirwanya ingufu zimbere zigerageza kubirwanya nkuko ibikoresho byakuweho.
Guhitamo ibikoresho hano birakomeye, kandi ntabwo bijyanye nibintu byanyuma. Turimo kuvuga kubijyanye na machinability. Gukora cyane-nikel-ishingiye kuri nikel irashobora gutomorwa kugirango irwanye ubushyuhe bwayo, ariko imikorere yayo yo kunaniza akazi irashobora guhindura ibikorwa byogucukura byoroshye kurota ibikoresho byacitse hamwe na geometrie yangiritse. Ibisobanuro ntabwo biri murwego rwanyuma; biri mubushobozi bwo guhanura no gusubiramo kugera kuri urwo rwego binyuze muburyo bwose bwo guca. Rimwe na rimwe, ikiganiro kigomba gusubira inyuma mubushakashatsi bwa injeniyeri: Turashobora kwihanganira kwihanganira, ariko twasuzumye ubundi buryo buvanze hamwe nibintu bisa ariko bikora neza? Irashobora kuzigama 30% kubiciro byigikoresho no kunoza icyiciro. Nibyo guhamagarwa gufatika, kumuhamagaro wurubanza.
Ndibuka igice cya hydraulic valve, icyuma gito mumashanyarazi. Icyerekezo cyari gikomeye kuri bore yibanze. Ibyiciro byambere biva mubisanzwe byubatswe byari ahantu hose nyuma yo gutunganya. Ikibazo? Micro-shrinkage muri casting itagaragara hejuru ariko itera ubukana butaringaniye. Gukata byahindukira gato, bitateganijwe. Igisubizo ntabwo cyari umufana CNC; yarimo ivugurura sisitemu ya gating na riser muburyo bwo gukina kugirango harebwe icyerekezo. Nubwoko bwimizi-itera akazi itandukanya abakora ibice nabafatanyabikorwa basobanutse. Imiterere ya QSY, izunguruka Igikonoshwa Kuri Imashini ya CNC, yubatswe mugukemura ibyo bibazo bifitanye isano.
Imbyino Yimashini: Rigidite, Gucunga Ubushyuhe, no gupima
Nibyiza, ufite ubusa. Noneho kuri stage abantu bose bareba: ikigo cyimashini. Hano, ubusobanuro ni imbyino hagati yubukomezi, ubushyuhe bwumuriro, na metero. Byumvikana nkibanze, ariko umwanzi ukomeye ni ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bukabije, axis itwara ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwibidukikije burahinduka, ndetse nubushyuhe buturuka ku kwikebagura. Kubice bisaba uburinganire bwa micron, gukoresha imashini mumaduka ifite 10 ° C ihindagurika hagati yijoro nijoro ntabwo ari intangiriro. Urimo wirukana umurizo umunsi wose. Nabaye mu bigo aho bagomba gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bworoshye bwo guhangana n’ikirere ku kagari runaka mbere yuko batangira kuvuga ibyerekeye icya cumi.
Noneho hariho gucunga ibikoresho. Ntabwo ari ugukoresha ibikoresho bihebuje gusa. Byerekeranye nuburyo bufite gahunda yo gukurikirana ubuzima bwibikoresho no gutegereza kwambara mbere yuko biva muri spec. Kumurongo muremure wibice, turashobora guteganya igikoresho gito cyo guhagarika ibintu mugihe cyagenwe, dushingiye kumyambarire yamateka kubwibyo bikoresho-bikoresho bihujwe. Ni ugukosora ibikorwa. Shiraho kandi wibagirwe imitekerereze yemeza gusiba. Aha niho ubunararibonye bwumukoresha - ibyiyumvo nijisho - biracyafite akamaro, kabone niyo yaba umurongo wuzuye. Kumva impinduka nkeya mumajwi yaciwe, ukabona ibara rya chip cyangwa imiterere itandukanye, birashobora gutuma hakorwa igenzura hakiri kare kandi bikabuza icyiciro cyose kujya kuruhande.
Kandi gupima. Umugani wa kera ntushobora kugenzura ibyo udapima ni ubutumwa bwiza. Ariko ntabwo ari ukugira CMM gusa. Byerekeranye n'ingamba zo gupima. Ugenzura igice-cyambere, igice-cyanyuma, nicyitegererezo kidasanzwe hagati? Niki gage yawe R&R? Igice cyaba gishyushye kuburyo bwa temp mbere yo kubipima? Nagiye impaka n'abagenzuzi b'ubuziranenge bapimye igice gishya kuri mashini, gishyushye gukoraho, kandi berekana ko ari ukwihanganirana. Nyuma y'isaha imwe, kuri 20 ° C, yagaragaye kuri. Inzira igomba kubarwa. Kubintu bikomeye cyane biranga, rimwe na rimwe murwego rwo kugenzura iburyo ku gikoresho cyimashini ninzira yonyine yo kwishyura ibyo bihinduka-nyabyo.
Ikarita idasanzwe ya karita
Aha niho ibintu bishimishije, kandi akenshi bihenze. Cobalt cyangwa nikel byerekanwe kubidukikije bikabije bizana ibibazo byihariye kumikino iboneye. Imbaraga zabo no kurwanya ruswa biza kubiciro byo kuba inyamaswa zuzuye kumashini. Bakora-vuba vuba, birababaje, kandi bakunda gufata ubushyuhe neza kuruhande.
Ubusobanuro muriki gice buva mubugenzuzi bwa geometrike gusa kugirango bushyiremo ubusugire bwubuso. Urashobora gukora imashini igice kugeza murwego rwuzuye, ariko niba warateje micro-crack cyangwa urwego ruhangayikishije hejuru ukoresheje ibice bitagabanije, igice kizananirwa imburagihe muri serivisi. Ibisobanuro biri mumiterere y'ubutaka. Ibi bisaba ibikoresho byihariye bya geometrike (ityaye, isennye neza), gushiraho kugirango wirinde kuganira, kandi akenshi, kugabanya umuvuduko muke hamwe nigiciro cyinshi cyo kugaburira - uburyo bwo kurwanya-intiti kubantu benshi bakoresha imashini zikoreshwa mubyuma. Porogaramu ikonje iba ingirakamaro; ntabwo ari ugukonjesha gusa, ahubwo ni ugusiga amavuta no gufasha kwimura chip mbere yuko bongera gutema no kwangiza ubuso.
Twakoze ku kashe ya turbine muri nikel. Uburinganire no kugereranya ibintu byari bikomeye cyane. Kugerageza kwambere, ukoresheje karbide isanzwe, byakomeje kunanirwa. Igice cyari gifite uruzitiro ruto kandi imbaraga zo gukata, kabone niyo zaba ntoya, zateraga ihinduka ryinshi rya elastike mugihe cyo kuyikora kuburyo izasubira inyuma nyuma. Igisubizo cyari inzira yintambwe nyinshi: gukomera, kuvura ubushyuhe bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe, hanyuma kurangiza kimwe cya kabiri, hanyuma hakurikiraho urupapuro rwanyuma rwanyuma ukoresheje icyuma cyahanaguwe ukoresheje urumuri rwinshi cyane, hafi yo kunyerera, kugirango usukure udateje impagarara nshya. Byari inzira itinze, ihenze, ariko niyo nzira yonyine yo kugera kubintu bihamye. Ngiyo nuance itakara muri RFQ yoroshye.
Kunanirwa n'amasomo bakora
Ntabwo wiga neza neza inkuru zitsinzi wenyine. Urabyiga uhereye kumpanuka, ibisakoshi, kandi umukiriya aragaruka. Isomo rimwe ryambere, ribabaza ryarimo icyiciro cyamazu ya sensor sensor. Byari byoroshye guhinduranya ibice bifite urusyo rusya neza. Batsinze ubugenzuzi bwa nyuma neza. Ukwezi kumwe, umukiriya yatangaje ko yananiwe - ibibanza byariyongereyeho gato, bitera sensor idahuye. Twarumiwe.
Nyirabayazana? Imyitwarire isigaye kuva mububiko bwumwimerere hamwe nuburyo bukurikirana. Twari twarahinduye OD na ID, hanyuma dusya ahabigenewe, bisohora imihangayiko ifunze kandi twemerera igice kugoreka mugihe, ibintu byitwa kuruhuka. Ibisobanuro twapimye kumunsi wambere byari kwibeshya. Icyakosowe kwari uguhindura gahunda yibikorwa no kongeramo ubushyuhe buke bwubushyuhe nyuma yubushakashatsi bukabije, mbere yo kugabanuka kwanyuma. Yongeyeho intambwe nigiciro, ariko yemeza ko igice cyagumyeho. Ubunararibonye bwahinduye burundu uko tubona igenamigambi. Ntabwo ari ibijyanye gusa nuburyo bwihuse cyangwa bwumvikana bwo gutunganya; ni hafi ihamye.
Ikindi kintu cyananiranye ni ugutekereza ko igishushanyo cyuzuye. Twigeze kwakira icyitegererezo cyamazu ya aluminiyumu igoye ifite imyanya myinshi ikomeye ya bore. Kwihanganirana byari ibintu byubugome ariko mubyukuri byagerwaho. Nyuma yo guhatanira gukubita imyanya icyarimwe, twaricaye kandi twerekana inteko yose hafi ya. Hindura, uwashushanyaga umwimerere yari afite ahantu hashingiwe kuri datum nyinshi muburyo bwateje amakimbirane - gukubita umurongo umwe wo kwihanganira byemewe kurenga ku wundi. Tugomba gusubira kumukiriya kandi tukagira ibiganiro rimwe na rimwe biteye isoni kugirango twongere dushyireho amakuru yibanze yimikorere. Isomo: ibisobanuro nyabyo bisaba ubufatanye kandi rimwe na rimwe bigora igishushanyo mbonera kugirango gikorwe. Umufatanyabikorwa mwiza nka QSY ntashobora kuvuga buhumyi icapiro; bazagira uruhare mubisubirwamo, babaze impamvu inyuma yo kwihanganira, kugirango babone inzira ikomeye yo kugerayo.
Ibyatanzwe Byukuri: Ibiteganijwe
None, mubyukuri turimo kugurisha iyo tuvuze ibice-byuzuye? Ntabwo ari igice kimwe cyapimwe neza muri laboratoire. Nibiteganijwe. Nicyizere ko igice cya 10,000 mugice bazakora kimwe nicyambere, kandi ko kizakomeza kwitwara mumurima ubuzima bwacyo bugenewe. Uku guhanura ni umusaruro wibintu byose byaganiriweho: kugenzura ibikorwa fatizo (casting), gutunganya impuguke hamwe no kumenya ibidukikije, metero ya disipuline, hamwe nubumenyi bwimbitse.
Aha niho utanga isoko kuramba hamwe nubushobozi bwuzuye bishyura. Isosiyete yanyuze mubyiciro byinshi byubucuruzi, nkamateka yimyaka 30 ya QSY, byanze bikunze yahuye nayo ikemura ibyo bibazo murwego runini rwibikoresho biva icyuma Kuri idasanzwe. Ubwo bumenyi bw'inzego kubishobora kugenda nabi butetse muri gahunda zabo. Ntabwo bakurikira gahunda gusa; barateganya ingingo zinini.
Ubwanyuma, gukurikirana ibisobanuro bihanitse ni disipuline yuzuye. Ihuza itanura n'intebe yo kurangiza. Yubaha imyitwarire yibikoresho nkubushobozi bwimashini. Kandi irumva ko kwihanganira ikintu cyingenzi muri byose ari ukwihanganira gushidikanya - ibyo ukora muburyo bwo gukuraho, impinduka imwe igenzurwa icyarimwe.
