Iyo umuntu avuze ngo 'ishoramari ryo mu rwego rwo hejuru', ubwenge bwinshi burahita busimbuka ku mibare yo kwihanganira no kurangiza ibintu. Icyo ni igice cyacyo, byanze bikunze, ariko niba warakoresheje umwanya uwariwo wose hasi, uzi ko aribwo ibiganiro bitangirira, bitarangirira. Ubwiza nyabwo buri mubikorwa byafashwe mbere yuko icyuma gikubita, ibyemezo bitajya bifatwa mumagambo meza ya PDF. Nibishushanyo mbonera wahinduye ukurikije ibice byashize ukwezi gushize, igihe cyo kumisha igikonjo uhindura kubushuhe bwaho muri kiriya cyumweru, cyangwa ukamenya icyiciro kitagira umwanda cyitwara mugihe gikonje cyihuse kuri kiriya kintu cyoroshye. Abaguzi benshi cyane, kandi mubyukuri bamwe mubashakashatsi bashya, babifata nka serivisi yibicuruzwa - ohereza moderi ya 3D, ubone igice. Ikinyuranyo hagati yibyo kandi bifite ireme ryiza niho ibintu byose bishimishije, kandi bitesha umutwe.
Urufatiro: Itangira Mbere y'Ibishashara
Ntushobora kuvuga ubuziranenge utavuze imiterere. Nabonye imishinga inanirwa kuko iyi ntambwe yihuse. Moderi nziza ya CAD ntabwo ihita ihindura muburyo bwiza bwibishashara. Ibipimo byo gutera inshinge - ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, igihe cyizuba - bigomba guhamagarwa kugirango ibishashara byihariye hamwe na geometrike y igice. Icyuma gikomeye cya turbine gifite ikirere cyoroshye kandi igice cyumuzi mwinshi? Uzakenera amarembo atandukanye yo guterwa hamwe no gukonjesha ahantu hatandukanye bapfa. Niba ibishashara bifite impungenge imbere cyangwa kugoreka gato, ibyo bitekwa muri buri ntambwe ikurikira. Ndibuka akazi kubatwara pompe aho twakomeje kubona warpage nkeya muri casting ya nyuma. Twirukanye umurizo kumunsi wo kurasa iminsi mbere yo gusubira inyuma tumenya ko ubushyuhe bwo gutera ibishashara bwari dogere 5 C hejuru cyane, bigatuma kugabanuka kutaringaniye. Nubwoko bwintandaro yo gucukura isobanura ubuziranenge.
Aha niho uburambe hamwe nibikoresho bidashoboka. Ahantu nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), hamwe nimyaka 30 yimyaka, ubwo bumenyi bwububiko bwububiko ni inzego. Ntabwo bakanda ibishashara gusa; barateganya uko ibishashara kuri a nikel igice cya turbine kizitwara gitandukanye nigishashara kubintu bisanzwe 316 bitagira umwanda mugihe cyo kwangiza. Ubushishozi ni ikintu cyicecekeye ariko gikomeye ishoramari ryiza cyane.
Kandi ibishashara, cyangwa gutera ibiti, nuburyo bwubuhanzi. Uburyo werekeza ibishushanyo kumurongo wo hagati bigira ingaruka zuzuye zuzuza imbaraga no gukomera. Urashaka kugabanya imvururu no kwemeza icyerekezo kigana kugaburira. Birasa nkibyoroshye - gusudira ibishashara gusa - ariko inguni nugushira nkana. Igiti cyateguwe nabi nigisubizo cyumufuka wigabanije wigunze, nubwo igikonoshwa cyawe ari cyiza.
Igikonoshwa: Aho guhuzagurika ari Umwami
Igikonoshwa ceramic nigishushanyo nyacyo, kandi ubunyangamugayo bwacyo nibintu byose. Inzira-nyinshi-dip-coat inzira isa nkiyoroshye: prurry primaire, stucco, yumye, subiramo. Ariko satani ari muburyo burambuye igihumbi. Ubukonje bwa slurry bukenera guhora bugenzurwa no guhinduka - burahinduka hamwe nubushyuhe kandi uko ibintu bigenda bishira. Ingano yumusenyi wa stucco ikwirakwizwa kuri buri koti (mubisanzwe ikozwe neza kumyenda yo mumaso, coarser kumyenda yinyuma) igomba kugenzurwa kugirango yubake imbaraga mugihe yemerera gaze.
Ibidukikije byumye ni impinduka nyamukuru akenshi idahabwa agaciro. Nakoze mubikoresho aho ibihe by'imvura bihindagurika byangiza gahunda yo kumisha ibishishwa, biganisha kumeneka cyangwa imbaraga nke zicyatsi. Icyumba cyo kumisha kigenzurwa rwose, hamwe nubushyuhe buhoraho hamwe na dehumidifike, ntabwo ari ibintu byiza; ni ishingiro rya ishoramari ryiza cyane. Bitabaye ibyo, uri gukina urusimbi. Igikonoshwa gikeneye gukomera bihagije kugirango kibeho gutwarwa no gutwarwa, ariko birahagije kugirango umwuka uhunge mugihe cyo gusuka. Kubona iyo mpirimbanyi neza nubuhanga bukoreshwa, bwitondewe-abatekinisiye bazi kumajwi no kumva igikonoshwa iyo cyiteguye.
Dewaxing ubwayo ningingo ikomeye yo guhungabana. Benshi bakoresha amamodoka ya autoclave ubu. Ubushyuhe bwihuse bushonga ibishashara, ariko biramutse bikozwe cyane, birashobora kuvunika igikonoshwa biturutse kumyuka yubushyuhe. Umuvuduko nigihe cyumwirondoro utezwa imbere mumyaka. Igice hano gishobora kuba microscopique, ariko izerekana nka fin cyangwa flash kumukino wanyuma, bisaba akazi ko kurangiza cyangwa gutera kwangwa.
Gushonga & Gusuka: Ingingo yo Kutagaruka
Aha niho imirimo yose yo kwitegura igeragezwa. Kubikorwa-binini cyane bivanze nka cobalt cyangwa super duplex ibyuma bidafite ibyuma QSY yanditse, gushonga imyitozo nibyingenzi. Ntabwo ari ukugera gusa ku bushyuhe bwamazi. Nibijyanye no gufata umwanya, kugenzura ibicuruzwa, no gutesha agaciro kugirango ugabanye ubukana. Ukeneye ikirere gikwiye cyo gutanura (akenshi argon cyangwa vacuum kugirango ibashe gukoreshwa) kugirango wirinde okiside no gushiramo.
Gusuka nigihe gito, gifatika. Icyuma kigomba kuba kiri hejuru yubushyuhe bukwiye-bushyushye bihagije kugirango buzuze ibumba byose, cyane cyane ibice bito, ariko ntibishyushye cyane kuburyo bitera ibyuma-shell bikabije cyangwa gukura kwimbuto. Isuka igomba kuba yoroshye kandi ikomeza kugirango wirinde imivurungano ifata umwuka. Ndibuka urubanza rufite ibintu byinshi bigoye aho twagize ubwoba bukabije mu masangano yihariye. Twagerageje guhindura amarembo, igikonoshwa, byose. Hanyuma, twadindije igipimo cyo gusuka hafi 20%. Byaragaragaye ko isuka yihuse yarimo irema umuyaga muri urwo rwobo, yonsa mu kirere. Umugezi utinze, uhagaze neza wabikemuye. Rimwe na rimwe, gukosora ntabwo ari tekinoroji yo hejuru; ni ukureba gusa no kwihangana.
Gukomera nigikorwa cyanyuma cyibikorwa byo gukina. Igishushanyo mbonera (amarembo n'ibiryo twubatsemo amasaha cyangwa iminsi mbere) bigomba gukora. Icyuma kigomba gukomera mu cyerekezo, uhereye kure cyane ugana kuri federasiyo, ikora nk'ikigega cy'ibyuma bisukuye kugirango bigabanye kugabanuka. Niba ibi bitabaye, ubona kugabanuka kwimbere imbere kurukuta. Kwigana mudasobwa bifasha muri iki gihe, ariko nta cyasimburwa cyo guca ingingo ya mbere yo gukina kugirango hamenyekane uburyo bwo gukomera. Ni ikizamini cyangiza, ariko nuburyo bwonyine bwo kwemeza ko inzira yawe ari nziza.
Kurangiza & Kwemeza: Akazi katagaragara
Umaze kunyeganyeza casting, mettle yukuri ya fondasiyo irerekana. A. ishoramari ryiza cyane bigomba kurangiza bike. Ariko bike ni urufunguzo. Irembo hamwe na federasiyo ihuza bigomba gucibwa, mubisanzwe hamwe n umuvuduko wihuse cyangwa uruziga. Noneho hariho gusya, kuvanga, no guturika. Ubuhanga hano ni ugukuraho ibikoresho birenze utiriwe wangiza igice cyangwa ngo usige impungenge. Kubireba ikirere gikomeye, gusya birashobora gukora urubuga rwo gutangiza micro-crack.
Aha niho kwishyira hamwe Imashini ya CNC ihinduka inyungu nini, ikintu QSY ihuriweho hamwe no gutunganya ibintu byingenzi. Kugira imashini murugo bivuze ko itsinda rirangiza ryumva isura ni datum zikomeye zo gutunganya nyuma. Bashobora gusiga ububiko bwiyongereye (kwihanganira ibintu byiza) muri utwo turere twihariye mugihe cyoza ibintu bitari ngombwa kugirango bibe byiza. Nuburyo bwahujwe burinda gusya cyane hejuru umukanishi azakenera gukata.
Kwemeza ni urwego. Kugenzura ibipimo hamwe na CMM kubintu byingenzi, kwipimisha irangi ryinjira mubuso bwubuso, X-ray cyangwa UT kugirango uburinganire bwimbere. Kubice byuzuye-ubunyangamugayo, akenshi ukora ibintu byose byavuzwe haruguru. Inzira yimpapuro-raporo yashonze, inyandiko zubugenzuzi-ni igice cyubwiza nkigice cyumubiri. Ni gihamya yo kugenzura. Uruganda rudashobora gutanga amakuru afatika birashoboka ko rutari rufite inzira ihamye.
Igipimo nyacyo: Gukemura Ibibazo, Ntabwo Gukora Ibice gusa
None, niki gitandukanya abashoramari beza bashoramari bakomeye? Ntabwo ari ako gatabo. Nukuntu babyitwaramo mugihe ikintu kidahari. Umuti mushya witwara bitateganijwe. Igishushanyo gifite ahantu hashyushye. Ubwiza bwuruganda rugaragara mugukemura ibibazo byabo. Barashinja gusa ibishashara cyangwa icyuma? Cyangwa bafite ubujyakuzimu bwa tekinoroji kugirango bakore DOE ntoya, bahindure imiterere yibiti, bahindure formulaire, hanyuma bakugarukire hamwe nibisubizo hamwe namakuru?
Ngiyo agaciro k'umufatanyabikorwa ufite amateka yimbitse. Igihe Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. ivuga nko mu myaka mirongo itatu muri Igikonoshwa na gushora imari, icyo gihe cyerekana isomero ryibibazo byakemuwe. Birashoboka ko babonye verisiyo yikibazo cyawe mbere. Ibyo kwibuka byinzego birinda kongera kwiga no kugerageza-no-kwibeshya kumafaranga yawe.
Kurangiza, ishoramari ryiza cyane ni urunigi rwijana ruto, rusuzumwa neza. Nubukorikori bushyigikiwe na siyanse. Nibijyanye no kugenzura ibihinduka ushobora kugenzura (nka viscosity slurry and pour ubushyuhe) no kumva uburyo bwo gucunga ibyo udashobora gukuraho burundu (nkubushuhe bwibidukikije). Intego ntabwo ari ugutungana - ibyo ntibishoboka mubikorwa hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi nibintu byinshi - ariko bijyanye no guhora udahwema no gutabarana ubwenge. Igice cyanyuma gihura na spec, imashini neza, kandi zikora mumurima? Nibyo bisohoka gusa. Ubwiza bwubatswe mu masaha, iminsi, n'imyaka mbere yuko buva mu ruganda.
