Urumva 'Inconel 718' uhita utekereza 'ibintu bikomeye kubice bishyushye' - ibice bya moteri yindege, disiki ya turbine, ibintu nkibyo. Nibyo, ariko kandi niho hatangirira umutego rusange. Abantu babona imibare ihanitse kandi yikurikiranya kuri 700 ° C bakeka ko ari verisiyo igoye ya 316 idafite umwanda. Ntabwo aribyo. Ikibazo nyacyo ntabwo ari imbaraga zacyo gusa; nuburyo izo mbaraga zitwara mugihe ugerageza gukora ikintu. Gutunganya no gutunganya inkuru niho uburambe nyabwo bwandikwa.
Gusya Kumashini - Mubisanzwe
Reka tuvuge ibikoresho byo guca. Kera kare, twize inzira igoye ko kuyifata nkicyuma cyohejuru cyane ni inzira yihuse yo kwinjizamo ibice byangiritse. Gukomera ku kazi birakomeye. Niba igikoresho cyawe kidakaze, cyangwa niba utuyeho gato, ntuba ugikata - urakonje-ukorera hejuru mubintu bikomeye. Twatwitse mubirango byinshi bya karbide isize mbere yo gutura kurwego rwihariye hamwe na geometrie ityaye kandi isennye. Nubwo bimeze bityo, urimo kureba umuvuduko wenda 20% byibyo wakoresha mubyuma. Nuburyo bwo gukuraho buhoro, buhenze, kandi gukonjesha ntabwo ari ubushake; nigikoresho gikomeye cyo gucunga ubushyuhe kugirango wirinde igihangano ubwacyo kudashyuha cyane no gukaza umurego.
Ndibuka icyiciro cyimibiri ya valve twakoresheje Inconel 718 ububiko. Icapiro ryasabye ubuso bwiza kurangiza kuri bores zimwe. Twabonye ibipimo byiza, ariko kurangiza byari ibinyampeke, hafi yacitse. Ikibazo? Guhindura ibikoresho. Ndetse hamwe nuburyo bukomeye, imbaraga zo gukata zari hejuru bihagije kugirango bitere umunota kuganira. Tugomba gusubira inyuma, tukongera gushushanya inzira yinzira kugirango dufate inzira yoroshye yo kurangiza, hanyuma duhindukire gushiramo ibikoresho byabugenewe. Yongeyeho amasaha mugihe cyizunguruka, ariko nicyo cyangwa igice kidashobora gufunga neza. Nicyo giciro cyihishe - igihe cyubwubatsi nuburyo bwo guhindura ibintu bitagaragara mubiciro fatizo kubiro.
Gucukura no gukubita ni ikuzimu yabo yihariye. Kwimura Chip ni umwami. Izo chipi zikomeye, zikaze zizenguruka umwitozo hanyuma uzifate mumutima utera niba udakubita cyane kandi ukoresha ubukonje bukabije ukoresheje igikoresho. Kubudodo, hafi ya buri gihe tugaragaza kanda ya spiral-umwironge hamwe na robine nini cyane. Kugerageza guca umugozi 50% muri Inconel 718 ni gusaba igikoma cyacitse cyashyinguwe cyane mubice bihenze cyane. Wiga gutanga icyumba cyibikoresho.
Gutera Ingorabahizi - Ntabwo ari Gusuka gusa
Kuvana mumashini ujya gukora hafi-net ukoresheje gushora imari - uwo niwo mukino wibanze kuri Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Hamwe nimyaka irenga mirongo itatu mugikonoshwa no gushora imari, twakoresheje amavuta menshi ya nikel binyuze mumushinga. Inconel 718 ni ikintu nyamukuru, ariko gisaba. Umuti muremure wo gushonga ni ikintu kimwe; kugenzura gukomera kwayo kugirango wirinde gucikamo ibice, gutandukanya, no guturika bishyushye nundi mupira wuzuye.
Igishushanyo mbonera no kuzamuka kuri 718 birakomeye kuruta ibyuma byinshi. Ukeneye icyerekezo gikomeye kugirango ugaburire kugabanuka gukwiye neza. Niba amashanyarazi yumuriro yibeshye, urangiza ufite micro-porosity mubice byimbitse cyangwa amarira yo hejuru hafi yinzibacyuho. Twagize ibice bisohoka mugikonoshwa gisa neza, gusa kuri X-ray cyangwa UT kugirango igaragaze igicu cyiza cyiza muri hub. Icyo ni igihombo rwose. Byasabye gusubiramo byuzuye ubushyuhe bwacu bwo gusuka hamwe nubushakashatsi mbere yubushyuhe kuri geometrie yihariye. Rimwe na rimwe, gukosora birwanya-intuive - ubushyuhe buke bwo hasi burashobora kugabanya imivurungano no kunoza amajwi, nubwo ukorera hafi ya lisansi ya alloy.
Noneho hariho as-cast structure. Ntushobora kuyikoresha nkuko biri. Imiterere ya dendritic yihariye kandi birashoboka ko habaho icyiciro cya Laves (intermetallics yoroheje ikungahaye kuri niobium) bivuze ko igice gifite imiterere yubukanishi butagaragara neza. Ngiyo ngingo yingenzi abaguzi benshi babuze: ibice 718 bigize igice cyarangiye gusa. Igomba rwose kunyura mu kuvura ubushyuhe bwa homogenisation - gushiramo birebire, mubisanzwe hejuru ya 1100 ° C - kugirango ushongeshe ibyo byiciro byangiza muri matrix. Simbuka ibi, kandi igice kizananirwa imburagihe mugihe uhangayitse, nubwo abakinnyi basa neza.
Imbyino yo Kuvura Ubushyuhe - Byose bijyanye nurukurikirane
Numutima wo kubona Inconel 718 gukora. Ubuvuzi busanzwe bwo gusaza (720 ° C mumasaha 8, itanura rikonje kugeza kuri 620 ° C, gufata amasaha 8, ubukonje bwumwuka) byanditse neza. Ariko urukurikirane ugereranije nibindi bikorwa ni byose. Kubice byimashini biva mububiko bwakozwe, mubisanzwe ubikora imashini muburyo bwa annealed (yoroshye), hanyuma ugasaza. Byumvikane neza.
Ariko kubakinnyi bagize igice, biraruhije. Nkuko byavuzwe, ubanza kubana. Noneho, urashobora gukora isostatike ishyushye (HIP) kugirango ufunge micro-porosity isigaye. Ikibazo cyingenzi niki: ukora HIP mbere cyangwa nyuma yo kuvura igisubizo? Hano hari impaka. Twakoze inzira zombi. HIPping nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa sub-solvus birashobora kuba ingirakamaro, ariko ugomba kwitonda cyane kubushyuhe kugirango wirinde gukura kwimbuto. Ubu muri rusange duhitamo HIP muburyo bwa-cast + homogenised condition, hanyuma dukomeze hamwe nuburyo bwuzuye bwo kuvura ubushyuhe. Yongeraho ikiguzi, ariko amakuru yerekana ibyiza kandi bihamye biranga umunaniro, akenshi bikaba ari ibintu byingenzi kubice bizunguruka.
Indi ngingo imwe: kugabanya imihangayiko. Niba ukora imashini zikomeye nyuma yo gusaza (ugerageza kwirinda, ariko rimwe na rimwe ntushobora), ukeneye kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe buke nyuma. Ntushobora kujya hejuru cyangwa uzarenza imyaka ibikoresho. Nuburinganire buhoraho hagati yimiterere ihamye no kubungabunga gamma kabiri-prime imvura itanga 718 imbaraga zayo.
Gusudira no Gusana - Komeza witonze cyane
Rimwe na rimwe, casting ifite inenge yimbere utekereza ko ushobora gusana, cyangwa igice cyimashini gikenera gusudira. Hamwe na 718, iki nigikorwa gikomeye. Amavuta akunda guhura nigihe cyimyaka muri zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe (HAZ) nyuma yo gusudira, cyane cyane iyo imeze neza. Ubushuhe bwo gusudira buzunguruka butera impagarara, hanyuma kuvura gusaza (iyo bikoreshejwe) birashobora gutera gucika nkuko HAZ igerageza kongera kugwa.
Imyitozo isanzwe nugusudira muburyo budasanzwe, hanyuma ugashyira inteko yose ukoresheje ukwezi gukomeye. Ariko nubwo bimeze bityo, gutsinda ntabwo byemewe. Twagerageje gusana amazu manini ya turbine hashize imyaka mike. Kurikirana igitabo: pre-weld anneal, yakoresheje insinga zuzuza ERNiFeCr-2 (cyane cyane 718 igizwe), igenzura ubushyuhe bwa interpass. Byasaga neza nyuma yo gusudira. Nyuma yo gusaza, ariko, kugenzura irangi ryinjira ryerekanye urusobe rwibice byiza muri HAZ. Igice cyari ubusa. Umwanzuro ni uko imbaga ya casting yateje kwifata bikabije kuburyo imihangayiko isigaye yo gusudira yari hejuru cyane, ndetse na nyuma yo kongera gukura. Noneho, politiki yacu ni ukwirinda gusudira ufite imyaka 718 igihe cyose bishoboka. Igiciro cyo gutsindwa ni kinini cyane. Niba igishushanyo gisaba gusudira, nibyiza gukoresha ubundi buryo bwo gusudira nka 625 kuri iyo nteko yihariye.
Amasoko hamwe nukuri-kwisi yo gutanga amasoko
Ntabwo ari bose Inconel 718 Byaremwe bingana. Impapuro zivuye mu nsyo zitandukanye cyangwa inganda zishobora kuvuga ko zihura na AMS 5662 cyangwa 5663, ariko satani mubikorwa byo gushonga. VIM-VAR (Vacuum Induction Melt ikurikirwa na Vacuum Arc Remelt) nibikoresho bya zahabu kubice byizunguruka mu kirere kuko bigabanya ibyinjira kandi bitanga imiterere imwe, nziza. Kubintu byinshi bihagaze neza, VIM imwe yashonga irashobora kuba ihagije, ariko ugomba kumenya kunegura kwa porogaramu.
Aha niho inzira yumufatanyabikorwa igenzura ibibazo. Kuri QSY, twibanda kubikorwa byo gushora imari hamwe na CNC gutunganya ibikoresho nkibi bivuze ko tutagura gusa insyo; turimo kugenzura chimie kuva gushonga mububiko bwacu bwite bwo gukina, cyangwa kwemeza byimazeyo abaduha ibicuruzwa. Utezimbere kumva raporo zishonga zerekana ubushyuhe bwiza. Urashaka sulfure nkeya, igenzurwa na magnesium cyangwa cerium kugirango igenzure imiterere ya sulfide. Nibisobanuro bidasobanutse byerekana niba igice cyibice kizatsinda ultrasonic igenzura cyangwa kimwe cyatsinzwe mugupima umunaniro mwinshi.
Hanyuma, hariho ukuri kwubukungu. 718 irazimvye. Ibirimo niobium bireba kuri. Igishushanyo cyose rero uyikoresheje igomba kuba ifite ishingiro kubikenewe byukuri imbaraga za 650 ° C + hamwe no kurwanya ruswa. Dukunze kugisha inama abakiriya kurwego rwo gushushanya. Rimwe na rimwe, hindura kuri Alloy 625 kugirango irusheho gusudira cyangwa kwangirika kwangirika, cyangwa no kurwego rwohejuru rudafite imbaraga zo gukoresha ubushyuhe buke, birashobora kuzigama ikiguzi kinini no kubabara umutwe utabangamiye imikorere. Ikimenyetso cyuburambe ntabwo ari ukumenya gukorana gusa Inconel 718; ni ukumenya mugihe ubikeneye.
