Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'guhimba ibyuma', bashushanya umusore usudira ibyuma bibiri hamwe. Ibyo nibice byayo, byanze bikunze, ariko ni nko kuvuga guteka ari ugukurura inkono gusa. Inkuru nyayo itangira inzira mbere yuko ibibatsi biguruka, hamwe no guhitamo ibikoresho nuburyo bwo kubikora. Nabonye imishinga myinshi imanikwa kubera ko umuntu yerekanye 'ibyuma' rusange ku gishushanyo cyigice gikeneye kwihanganira gutera umunyu uhoraho, cyangwa gutumiza geometrike igoye binyuze muburyo butari bwo, bikerekana ingengo yimari. Ibihimbano nigikorwa cyanyuma gusa; ikinamico yanditswe muruganda no mumashini.
Urufatiro: Itangirana nabakinnyi
Ntushobora guhimba ibyo udafite. Byinshi mubikorwa byacu bitangirana na casting mbisi. Aha niho ibigo bifite ubumenyi bwimbitse bwibintu, nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), bihinduka abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye. Bamaze imyaka irenga 30 mumikino yo gukina no gutunganya, bivuze ko babonye icyakora nikitagenda neza. Iyo bavuga Igikonoshwa kubuso bwiza burangirira kumazu ya pompe cyangwa gushora imari kuri kiriya cyuma gikomeye cya turbine gifite imiyoboro y'imbere, urumva. Ntabwo ari ibiganiro byo kugurisha gusa; ishingiye kumyaka mirongo yo gusuka ibyuma.
Ibikoresho bifatika ni ikindi kirombe. Ibyuma bidafite ingese ntabwo ari ikintu kimwe. Ni 304 yo kurwanya ruswa muri rusange, cyangwa 316 kuri chloride? Cyangwa turimo tuvuga kuri nikel ishingiye kumavuta yo gukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi? Ndibuka akazi kubakiriya batunganya imiti aho twabanje gukoresha ibihimbano bisanzwe 304. Yatsinze ibizamini byose byambere, ariko mugihe cyamezi atandatu mumurima, twatangiye kubona ihungabana ryangirika rifatanije. Ibidukikije byari bifite chloride tutari twabaze. Tugomba kongera guhimba inteko yose dukoresheje 316L. Iri kosa ryari isomo rikabije mubumenyi bwibintu bitaganirwaho. Ubunararibonye bwa QSY hamwe na alloys idasanzwe nka cobalt na nikel ishingiye kuri nikel nikimenyetso basobanukiwe nibidukikije byinshi.
Kubona gukina neza ni 70% yintambara. Gufunga amarembo nabi hamwe no kugabanuka imbere cyangwa uburebure bwurukuta rudahinduka bikurikiraho guhimba ibyuma inzira muburyo bubi bwo kurwana mugihe cyo gusudira cyangwa kwihanganira imashini idashoboka. Umufatanyabikorwa mwiza utanga hafi-net-shusho igice cyukuri.
Imashini ya CNC: Interlude Yuzuye
Noneho, abakinnyi bageze. Ntibisanzwe byiteguye gukomera. Aha niho imashini ya CNC yinjira muri guhimba ibyuma akazi. Gucukura ibishushanyo mbonera, kureba hejuru yubuso, kurema ibifunga-iki ni umurimo wuzuye usobanura uburyo inteko yanyuma ihuye. QSY ihuza ibi, ninyungu nini. Bisobanura itsinda rimwe ryumva imiterere yintete za casting hamwe ningingo zishobora guhangayikishwa nazo zirimo gukora imashini. Bazi aho bakwirinda gufata uburemere bukabije kurukuta ruto, cyangwa uburyo bwo guhuza ishoramari ridasanzwe ridasanzwe batabigoretse.
Nize inzira igoye ko gutandukanya abakinnyi ba casting na mashini bishobora kuganisha kumukino wamakosa. Umukanishi avuga ko gukina byoroshye cyangwa bigenda, uruganda ruvuga ko umukanishi akoresha umuvuduko utari muto / kugaburira. Kugira munsi yinzu imwe, nko mubigo byabo (urashobora kubona uburyo bwabo kuri https://www.tsingtaocnc.com), ikuraho ibyo. Gutanga ibitekerezo birahita. Niba igikoresho kiganira kumurongo wihariye, barashobora guhindura ibipimo byo gutunganya cyangwa bakanabishyira muburyo bwo gushonga. Uku guhuriza hamwe nikintu ushima gusa nyuma yo guhangana nubundi buryo.
Intego yo gutunganya mugutegura ibihimbano ntabwo ari ugukubita ibipimo gusa. Nugukora ibisobanuro bifatika nibiranga bizemerera uwahimbye guteranya ibice byateganijwe. Igihumbi cyikosa rya santimetero kumaguru yakozwe mumashini irashobora guhindurwa mugihembwe cya santimetero imwe mugihe ugerageza gusudira ikadiri nini.
Igorofa yo guhimba: Aho Igitekerezo gihurira nu muriro
Iki nigice kirimo akajagari, hejuru, nicyubahiro. Ufite ibyuma byawe bya mashini, isahani yawe yaciwe, ububiko bwawe. Noneho byose bigomba guhurira hamwe. Kuzunguza nikel ishingiye kuri nikel ninyamaswa itandukanye no gusudira ibyuma byoroheje. Ubushyuhe bwinjiza, ubushyuhe bwa interpass, icyuma cyuzuza-ni resept. Wibeshye, kandi ugusha karbide muri zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe, bigatuma igabanuka. Twigeze kubanza gusudira amaboko ya cobalt mu nzu yicyuma. Kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe butandukanye byonyine byari umutwe. Mbere yubushyuhe, gahunda yihariye yo gusudira, igenzurwa gukonjesha ... byari nkibigeragezo bya chimie.
Jigging na fixturing nintwari zitavuzwe. Kubisubiramo imirimo yo guhimba, igihe cyakoreshejwe mukubaka jig ihamye, ihindurwa yishyura inshuro icumi hejuru. Ariko kuri rimwe cyangwa prototypes, ukunze gutezimbere hamwe na clamp, magnesi, hamwe na weld wigihe gito. Amayeri ni ukumenya igihe igisubizo cyigihe gito kizatera impagarara zihagije zo gukuramo inteko yose kumwanya. Rimwe na rimwe, ugomba kureka ikagenda, hanyuma ukayikosora, aho kuyirwanya mukuyoboka.
Kugenzura kugoreka. Iyo ni yo ntambara ihoraho. Urimo gukoresha ubushyuhe bukabije, bwaho kugirango uhuze ibyuma, kandi bashaka kwimuka. Urukurikirane rwo gusudira ni ingenzi. Kumurongo muremure hamwe na stiffeners nyinshi, urashobora kudoda gusudira muburyo bwihariye, gusimbuka kuruhande rumwe, kugirango uburinganire. Rimwe na rimwe, ushobora no kubanza kugoreka ibice bitandukanye, uteganya gukurura. Ntabwo ari siyansi nyayo; ni ibyiyumvo n'uburambe.
Ubwiza: Intambwe zitagaragara
Ibihimbano ntibikorwa mugihe isaro rya nyuma ryo gusudira ryashyizwe. Nibwo igenzura ritangira. Igenzura ryerekanwa mbere - gushakisha ibice, munsi, gutitira. Noneho haza ibizamini bidasenya. Irangi ryinjira muburyo butagaragara kuri ziriya nganda zikomeye. Ahari kwipimisha ultrasonic kubibazo byimbere mubice byimbitse. Kubihimbano birimo igitutu, gupima hydrostatike ni ngombwa.
Ariko kimwe mubyingenzi, kandi akenshi birengagizwa, intambwe nukuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira (PWHT). Kubyuma byinshi bivanze cyane cyane kubihimbano biremereye, PWHT ningirakamaro kugirango igabanye imihangayiko isigaye ifunze gusudira. Nigihe kandi gitwara ingufu-kwinjiza inteko yose mu ziko rinini no kuyizana ku bushyuhe bwihariye mugihe runaka. Biragerageza kubisimbuka kugirango wuzuze igihe ntarengwa, ariko nabonye ingaruka: ibase nini yahimbwe ya compressor yamenetse nyuma y amezi nyuma yicaye mu gikari, biturutse kumaganya yimbere igerageza kunganya.
Inyandiko ni igice cyiza. Inyandiko ibihimbano ikwiye, hamwe na ceri yibikoresho, uburyo bwo gusudira (WPS) bwakoreshejwe, imbonerahamwe yo kuvura ubushyuhe, na raporo zubugenzuzi, nibyo bihindura ikirundo cyicyuma mubintu bikurikirana, byizewe. Aha niho gufatanya na vertike ihujwe itanga itanga agaciro kayo. Ibikoresho byerekana kuva muri casting, raporo yimashini, hamwe nibihimbano byose birashobora kuba igice kimwe.
Ibyiza Byuzuye
Noneho, kuzenguruka inyuma. Nukuri guhimba ibyuma ntabwo ari ubucuruzi bwitaruye. Ni indunduro yumunyururu: guhitamo ibikoresho, gukora (nka casting), gutunganya neza, hanyuma, guhuza no kurangiza. Iyo ibyiciro bicecekeye, ubura amakuru. Uwayihimbye ntazi impamvu agace runaka ka casting gakomeye, umukanishi ntabwo yumva urukurikirane rwa weld ruzakurikira.
Niyo mpamvu icyitegererezo cyisosiyete nka QSY ishimishije. Gukora imyaka irenga 30 mugukina no gutunganya bibaha gusobanukirwa shingiro ryimyitwarire yibikoresho kuva mumazi yayo. Iyo noneho bishora cyangwa bagatanga ibice byo guhimba, bazana ayo mateka yose kumeza. Ntabwo bagurisha gusa casting cyangwa imashini ikozwe; barimo kugurisha ibice bifite ibimenyetso bizwi, imyitwarire iteganijwe munsi yumuriro, hamwe nigabanuka ryibyago bitunguranye.
Kuri injeniyeri cyangwa umuyobozi wumushinga, uku kwishyira hamwe nigikoresho cyo kugabanya ingaruka. Yoroshya urunigi rwogutanga, ikomeza ibitekerezo byo gukemura ibibazo, kandi muburyo bwubaka mugusuzuma ubuziranenge mubyiciro byinshi. Intego yanyuma yo guhimba ntabwo ari ugukora ikintu gisa nigishushanyo. Nugukora ikintu gikora, cyizewe, mubihe-byukuri. Kandi iyo mikorere yahimbwe kera mbere yuko weld ya nyuma ikorwa.
