Niba warabaye hafi yo gukora igihe gihagije, wunvise ikibuga cya Metal Injection Molding (MIM). Bikunze kugurishwa nkubu buryo bwubumaji bushobora gukora ikintu icyo aricyo cyose cyoroshye, gito cyicyuma cyoroshye kubumba plastike. Aho niho hantu ha mbere abantu bakandagira. Ntabwo ari amarozi, kandi rwose ntabwo ari kubice byose. Ukuri ni imbyino iteye ubwoba, irambuye cyane hagati yifu ya metallurgie n amahame yo guterwa inshinge za plastike, hamwe nibyumba byinshi kugirango ibintu bigende kuruhande niba utubahirije imipaka. Nabonye imishinga myinshi yibira kubera indirimbo ya siren igoye nubunini, gusa nasenyutse ku nkombe zo kugoreka icyaha cyangwa kugaburira amatungo.
Intangiriro ya MIM: Byose bijyanye na Feedstock na Binder
Reka duhere aho inzira itangirira: ibiryo. Ntabwo ari ifu yicyuma ivanze na plastiki. Ni imvange imwe ivanze neza cyane, ifu yicyuma-tekereza microne 20 cyangwa munsi yayo - hamwe na sisitemu yo guhuza ibintu byinshi. Binder ni kole yigihe gito. Kubona iyi mvange neza ni 80% yintambara. Niba ifu idakwirakwijwe neza, ubona gradients ya density. Mu gucumura, icyo gice kizaturika nk'icyayi cy'ibirayi. Ndibuka umushinga wibikoresho byo kubaga aho twarwanye ibyumweru hamwe nu mutanga mushya. Ifu ya poro yari ifite ubunini butandukanye bwo gukwirakwiza. Byasaga neza muri raporo ya laboratoire, ariko ibice byabumbwe byari bifite ubuso budasanzwe, bwamavuta. Bacumuye, bari bavunitse. Nyirabayazana? Guhindura ubuso bwubutaka bwifu yahinduye uburyo yatose binder, biganisha kubitandukanya mugihe cyo kubumba. Agace gato gahinduka, kunanirwa gukabije.
Noneho hariho kwibumbira ubwabyo. Urimo gutera inshinge zintoki mubikoresho bishobora kugura $ 50k kugeza $ 100k. Irasa kandi ikumva ari inshinge ya plastike, ariko ibipimo biratandukanye. Ubushonga bwashonga buri hejuru, kandi urimo ukora ibintu byangiza. Kwambara ibikoresho nigiciro nyacyo, gihoraho. Ntushobora gushiraho imashini gusa ukayibagirwa. Dukoresha ubushobozi bwubushakashatsi (Cpk) kuri buri kintu gikomeye uhereye kumasasu ya mbere. Ndetse no muri icyo gihe, umugozi ushyushya unanirwa kuri barriel, ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe burahinduka, kandi gitunguranye igitutu cyawe cyatewe, gitera ubusa. Ibyo byuho ntibishobora kugaragara kugeza nyuma yo gucumura, nkibyobo byo hejuru.
Intambwe yo gukuramo niho igice cyo gutera inshinge kirangirira naho igice cyicyuma gitangirira. Nuburyo buhoro, bwitondewe bwimiti cyangwa ubushyuhe kugirango ukureho binder yibanze. Byihute, hanyuma ubone ibisebe cyangwa ibisebe. Nintambwe benshi bashya badasuzugura, bibwira ko ari itanura gusa. Birasa cyane no kubora. Nyuma yibyo, usigaye ufite igice cyijimye - skelet yoroheje, yuzuye skeleti yifu yicyuma ifashwe hamwe nigitereko cyumugongo. Ni igihe-cyo-kwitaho.
Icyaha: Ingingo yo Kutagaruka
Gucumura numutima wibikorwa bya MIM. Aha niho igice cyijimye gihinduka igice gikomeye. Urimo gushyushya mu itanura ryikirere rigenzurwa - akenshi hydrogène cyangwa vacuum - munsi yicyuma gishonga. Ibice birahuza. Igice kigabanuka, byateganijwe kandi kimwe, urizera. Turavuga kubintu bigabanuka, mubisanzwe hafi 15-20%, ibyo bikaba byishyurwa neza mubishushanyo mbonera. Ariko guhanura ni ijambo ryigisha.
Nakoze ku kintu kinini cyane cyo gushakisha imbunda. Igice cyari kirekire, cyoroshye. Mu itanura, ibice bishyigikirwa kuri ceramic. Niba uwashizeho atameze neza, cyangwa niba itanura rifite ahantu hashyushye, icyo gice kirekire gishobora kugabanuka munsi yuburemere bwacyo mugihe cya plastiki yo gucumura. Twari dufite icyiciro aho 30% basohotse bafite kugabanuka gato. Ntabwo bihagije kunanirwa kugenda / nta-kugenda ako kanya, ariko birahagije kugirango uhindure impagarara munteko yanyuma. Intandaro? Gari ya moshi yambarwa mu itanura ryacumuye itera kunyeganyega kugaragara mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bukabije. Byatwaye iminsi yo kugenzura byose mbere yuko tubibona.
Ikirere nikindi gihinduka cyicecekeye. Kubyuma bidafite ingese 17-4PH, ukeneye igitutu cyikintu runaka kugirango ugenzure ibirimo karubone, bigira ingaruka itaziguye no gukomera kwangirika. Akantu gato kamenetse mumatara yumuryango witanura azana ogisijeni, ukabona okiside yo hejuru ishobora kwangiza ubuzima bwumunaniro. Ntubibona kugeza igihe ukora ikizamini cyo gutera umunyu. Nibikorwa byihishe bitandukanya iduka rikoresha ibice gusa nubushakashatsi.
Aho MIM ibereye n'aho idakwiriye
MIM ntabwo isimburwa no gutunganya cyangwa gushora imari muburyo bwose. Ikibanza cyacyo kiryoshye kiragoye, ibice bito-biciriritse (tekereza munsi ya garama 100, akenshi munsi ya garama 25) bikenera umusaruro-hafi-net-neti mubunini kuva mubice 10k kumwaka hejuru. Tekereza ibikoresho bya bikoresho, imitwe ya orthopedic, ibice byimbunda, umuhuza. Niba ushobora gukora imashini byoroshye kuva mububiko bwibikorwa bibiri, MIM birashoboka ko idahiganwa-igiciro, ndetse no mubunini. Igikoresho cyo gukoresha ni inzitizi.
Ariko kubice nka miniature idafite ibyuma byubatswe hamwe nududodo twimbere, umwobo wuruhande, nurukuta ruto? Aho niho MIM imurikira. Uhindura ibyo byose mubirasa. Ubundi buryo bushobora kuba byinshi-axis CNC ikora bilet ntoya, hamwe n imyanda nini yibintu hamwe nigihe cyizunguruka. Ndibuka gusuzuma igice cyintoki z amenyo. Byari nkibintu bito, bigoye. Igiciro cyo gukora cyari inyenyeri kandi cyari gifite ibibazo byo kwihanganira ibibazo. MIM yazanye muburyo bushoboka, nubwo byabaye ngombwa ko dusubiramo ibice bimwe byimbere kugirango twirinde ibibazo byo gupakira ifu mugihe cyo kubumba.
Ibintu bifatika akenshi ni ingingo yo kuganirwaho. Igice cya MIM cyacumuye ni 95-99% yubucucike bwibikoresho byakozwe. Kuri porogaramu nyinshi, imiterere yubukanishi irenze ihagije. Ariko niba ukeneye imbaraga zidasanzwe cyangwa kurambura bihuye nigice cyahimbwe, MIM ntishobora kukugezayo. Nubucuruzi. Urimo gucuruza gato ibikorwa byanyuma kubishushanyo mbonera hamwe nigiciro cyibipimo.
Gukora Intoki: Kuki Abafatanyabikorwa Bakunda QSY Ikintu
Iyi ni ingingo ikomeye ikunze kubura: ibice bike bya MIM mubyukuri net-shusho. Benshi bakeneye ibikorwa bya kabiri. Aho niho kugira umufatanyabikorwa ufite ubushobozi bwimbitse bwo hasi ntabwo byoroshye gusa; ni ngombwa. Fata isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Urareba amateka yabo - imyaka irenga 30 mugukina no gutunganya. Ibyo birakubwira. Iyo nkomora ibice bya MIM cyangwa nkorana na molder, ntabwo ngura serivise yo gucumura gusa. Ndagura ubushobozi bwo kuyobora urugendo rwose.
Ikintu gisanzwe: ducumura 316L ibyuma bitagira ibyuma. Irakeneye bore ikomeye ifatirwa kwihanganira +/- 0.013mm, kurangiza hejuru MIM yonyine idashobora kugeraho. Inzira ya MIM itugezaho 95% aho, hamwe no kugabanuka kugenzurwa. Noneho, twohereza mumaduka nka QSY kugirango CNC itunganijwe neza kuri bore imwe. Uburambe bwabo hamwe nibikoresho bisa nibyabo gushora imari na Igikonoshwa akazi bivuze ko bumva metallurgie. Bazi guhuza igice cyacumuye (ntabwo gikaze nkicyuma cyakozwe), icyo kugaburira n'umuvuduko wo gukoresha kuri geometrie yegeranye-net-net, hamwe nuburyo bwo gukomeza kwangirika kwangirika kwimyanda nyuma yo kuyikora. Kugerageza kubikora hamwe nububiko rusange bwimashini nigisubizo cyo gusiba no kubabaza umutima.
Igikorwa cabo hamwe n'amavuta adasanzwe -cobalt, nikel—Ni urundi rufunguzo. Ibi birasanzwe muri MIM kubikorwa byubuvuzi nindege. Birakomeye kumashini. Umubumbyi ushobora gucumura Inconel 718 hamwe numukanishi ushobora kurangiza ni ihuriro rikomeye. Ihuza urwego rutanga kandi, cyane cyane, iremeza ko kubazwa neza bitagabanijwe hagati y’abacuruzi batatu batandukanye bashinja undi. Urashobora kubasanga kurubuga rwabo, https://www.tsingtaocnc.com, ibisobanuro birambuye kubushobozi bwabo. Uku kwishyira hamwe nibyo bihindura igice cyiza cya MIM mubice byizewe, bikora neza.
Amasomo yo mu myobo: Kunanirwa Kwigisha Kurenza Intsinzi
Reka dusangire kunanirwa. Kera, twari dufite umushinga wa kamera ya drone gimbal bracket muri 17-4PH. Igice cyari gifite ukuboko kworoshye, kantilevered. Igishushanyo cyasaga neza kuri ecran. Ingingo za mbere zatsinzwe. Hafi y'ibice 50.000 mubikorwa, twatangiye kubona imirima yamaboko yamenetse. Isesengura ryananiranye ryerekanaga poritike rimwe na rimwe kuruhande rwikiganza rwagati, ikora nkibintu bitera impungenge.
Post-mortem yarababaje ariko irigisha. Ikibazo cyari mubishushanyo mbonera. Irembo - aho ibiryo byinjira mu cyuho - byashyizwe mu buryo bworoshye bwo kubikuraho, ntabwo bitemba neza. Kuri uko kuboko kunanutse, kwatindiganyije gato imbere yimbere mugihe cyo gutera inshinge. Ukwo kwikanga kwemerera ifu na binder gutandukanya agace gato, biganisha ku guhinduka kwinshi. Mu gucumura, iryo tandukaniro ryabaye imiterere yoroheje, ihuza imiterere ya pore. Ntabwo yafashwe no kugenzura ubucucike busanzwe cyangwa na X-ray ku gipimo cyacu cy'icyitegererezo. Byananiye gusa umunaniro ufite imbaraga mumurima.
Gukosora byari bihenze: ifu nshya ifite irembo ryahinduwe hamwe na sisitemu ishyushye kugirango igenzure neza imigendekere. Byanyigishije ko hamwe na MIM, buri cyemezo cyo gushushanya - aho irembo, inzibacyuho yurukuta, radiyo nguni - ifite umurongo utaziguye kuri microstructural. Ntabwo urimo gutegura igice gusa; urimo gutegura inzira itemba ya powder-binder slurry hamwe no gukurikira hamwe nubushyuhe. Nibikorwa bya sisitemu yubuhanga yiyoberanije nkibikorwa byo gukora ibyuma.
Noneho, iyo abantu babajije niba Metal Injection Molding ibereye kumushinga wabo, igisubizo cyanjye ntabwo ari yego cyangwa oya. Ni urukurikirane rwibibazo byerekeranye na geometrie, ingano, ibintu bifatika, kandi, cyane cyane, ibiba nyuma yuko igice kiva mu itanura ryacumuye. Nigikoresho gikomeye, ariko nigikoresho cyuzuye. Ugomba gusobanukirwa ururimi rwarwo - ururimi rwibiryo, ikirere cyangiza, hamwe no kugabanuka kwa isotropique - kandi ukeneye abafatanyabikorwa bavuga indimi zegeranye zijyanye no gutunganya neza na metallurgie kugirango igice cya nyuma kiririmbe. Ngiyo isi nyayo ya MIM, kure yudutabo twinshi.
