Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'gushora ibyuma bishora imari', bashushanya inzira igororotse, hafi ya kera: gukora igishashara, kuyishira mubutaka, gushonga ibishashara, gusuka mubyuma. Byakozwe. Ariko aho niho hambere haribeshya. Ikibazo nyacyo ntabwo ari ugusobanukirwa intambwe zifatizo - ni ukugenzura ibihumbi bihinduka muri buri kimwe kugirango ubone igice kitari imiterere gusa, ahubwo nikintu gikora, cyizewe. Nabonye imishinga myinshi isitara kuko umuntu yatekerezaga ko ari igikorwa cyo 'gusuka no kugenda' gusa. Ukuri nukuri, ikinyuranyo hagati yumukino ukoreshwa hamwe nubunyangamugayo bwo hejuru ni kinini, kandi cyuzuyemo ibisobanuro byinshi impapuro zihariye zitigeze zivuga.
Umukino wa Shell: Ntabwo ari Mold gusa
Reka duhere kuri shell, umusingi usanzwe. Ijambo ryinganda 'shell mold casting' akenshi rikoreshwa muburyo bumwe, ariko muburyo bwo gushora imari, igikonoshwa nigicuruzwa cyubwubatsi ubwacyo. Ntabwo ari ikintu kimwe. Igikonoshwa gisanzwe cyicyuma kinini gishobora kuba kirimo amakoti 7 kugeza kuri 9: ikoti yambere yo mumaso hamwe nifu ya ultra-nziza ya zircon kugirango ifate ibisobanuro birambuye, ikurikirwa namakoti yimbere hagati hamwe n'umusenyi wa silika ya silika kugirango imbaraga, kandi akenshi ikote rya nyuma. Ibidukikije byumye hagati ya buri kwibiza - ubushuhe, ubushyuhe, umwuka wo mu kirere - ni ngombwa. Ndibuka icyiciro cyimibiri yicyuma kitagira umuyonga twirutse aho igikonoshwa gisa neza, ariko twari dufite igicucu cyo hejuru. Nyuma yiminsi yo guterura umutwe, twayikurikiranye mugihe cyigihe cyibihe byubushyuhe bwibidukikije mugihe cyo kumisha amakoti ya 3 nuwa 4. Igikonoshwa nticyari cyakize neza, biganisha kuri micro-crack na gaze ihindagurika mugihe cyo gusuka. Gukosora ntibyari mu itanura; byari mu gutesha agaciro icyumba cyo kumisha.
Aha niho uburambe bwumushinga bwerekana. Isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), hamwe nimyaka 30 imaze ikurikirana, yaba ifite ububiko bwibigo kubwoko bwibidukikije. Urubuga rwabo, tsingtaocnc.com, urutonde rwakazi kabo hamwe na shell mold na gushora imari, kandi ibyo guhuza ni urufunguzo. Bisobanura ko basobanukiwe na sprifike kuva muburyo bworoshye bwibishishwa kugeza muburyo bwuzuye bwa ceramic shell uburyo. Kubaguzi, ubwojyakuzimu bivuze ko badakunze guhumishwa niyi kunanirwa-kunanirwa.
Guhitamo ibikoresho kubikonoshwa bihuza neza nicyuma gisukwa. Gusuka superalloy nkumuti ushingiye kuri nikel hejuru ya 1500 ° C bisaba igishishwa gifite ubukana bwinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro. Gukoresha ibisanzwe bisanzwe bigenewe ibyuma bya karubone byaba ari ibyago - igishishwa gishobora gutemba cyangwa gucika. Guhitamo binders (colloidal silica na Ethyl silicate) nibikoresho bya stucco ni umushinga wa chimie ubwayo.
Amavuta: Aho ibintu bihurira nukuri
Tuvuze ibikoresho, urutonde rwa alloy ni akandi gace kuzuye imitego yoroheje. Yego, ibyuma ni ibisanzwe, ariko 'ingese' ikubiyemo 304, 316, 17-4 PH, nabandi, buriwese ufite imyitwarire itandukanye yo gukina no gukomera. 316 igabanuka kurenza ibyuma bya karubone kandi ikunda kurira iyo sisitemu yo kwinjira itagenewe kubyakira. Ibi twabyize inzira igoye kumushinga hakiri kare kubikoresho byo mu nyanja. Ibicapo byahamagaye 316, kandi twarakinguye nkuko twabishaka ibyuma byoroheje. Igipimo cy'umusaruro nticyari kibi, hamwe n'ibice byaturukaga mu masangano y'irembo. Byari ibintu bisanzwe byo gukurikiza udakoresheje ubumenyi bwibikorwa kuri ayo mavuta yihariye.
Amavuta adasanzwe - ashingiye kuri cobalt na nikel ashingiye kuri nikel - ni inyamaswa zitandukanye. Ntabwo ari 'bigoye gushonga.' Amazi yabo akunze kuba mabi, barashobora gutandukana mubintu, kandi bafite ingeso mbi yo kwitwara mugikonoshwa niba chimie idakwiye. Intsinzi hano ntabwo ari imbaraga zubugome nibindi byinshi byerekeranye na finesse: ubushyuhe bwuzuye mbere yubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, kugenzura cyane umuvuduko mwinshi nubushyuhe, kandi akenshi, kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo guta ntabwo ari amahitamo ahubwo nibice byingenzi kugirango ugere kuri microstructure isabwa. Iyo mbonye uruganda nka QSY rwerekana neza aya mavuta, byerekana ko bishoboka ko bashora imari mubuhanga bwa metallurgjique hamwe nuburyo bugenzurwa bukenewe kugirango bikemurwe, ntabwo ari ubushobozi bwitanura gusa.
Shira ibyuma, nubwo bisa nkaho bibabarira, bifite ibyifuzo byayo mugushora imari. Kugera kuri grafite ihoraho mubice bito biroroshye. Gukonjesha byihuse kuranga igikonjo ceramic birashobora kuganisha kumpande zikonje (icyuma cyera), bigatuma igice kidashoboka. Ibi akenshi bisaba guhindurwa kuri inoculant cyangwa gusubiramo gato ubunini bwigice.
CNC Handshake: Impamvu Gukora Imashini Atari Gutekereza
Ibi biganisha ku ngingo yingenzi akenshi yirengagizwa: amaboko yo kuva mu guta kugeza gutunganya. Igice cyuzuye-nkicyiciro ntacyo kimaze niba kidashobora gufatwa neza muri CNC cyangwa niba imibare ikomeye ya datum itizewe. Iyi niyo mpamvu guhuza casting na Imashini ya CNC munsi yinzu, nkuko QSY ibikora, ninyungu nini yo gukora. Ba injeniyeri ba casting barashobora gushushanya igishashara kandi bagashyiramo amafaranga yo gutunganya hashingiwe ku kugabanuka kwukuri no kugoreka babona kubintu byatanzwe. Barashobora kongeramo imipira yimyanya ahantu hadakomeye cyane kugirango imashini ikoreshe nkibikoresho.
Nabaye kuruhande rwimashini ngerageza gufata igishoro cyinshi cyo gushora-turbine icyuma kidafite ingingo zifatika. Ninzozi mbi. Urangiza gushushanya urwasaya rworoshye ruhenze cyangwa ukubaka igikoresho cyabigenewe, cyica inyungu yikiguzi cyo hafi-net-shusho. Iyo amakipi yo gutoranya no gutunganya avugana kuva mugice cyashushanyijemo, barashobora kumvikana kubintu nko kongeramo amagorofa mato mato kuri flange cyangwa kwemeza ko bore ari uruziga bihagije kugirango ikoreshwe nka datum y'ibanze. Ihindura inzira ikurikirana muburyo bumwe.
Gutunganya ibice byabashitsi nabyo bikora nkibisubizo byiza byanyuma. Umukanishi niyambere kubona ubutaka bwo munsi, ahantu hakomeye, cyangwa harimo. Niba gukina no gutunganya ari ibintu bitandukanye, ibi bitekerezo biratinda kandi akenshi birwanya (casting yawe mbi yamennye igikoresho cyanjye). Iyo ari iduka rimwe, amakuru asubira mu igorofa kugirango ahite ahinduka.
Kwinjira no Kugaburira: Ubwubatsi butagaragara
Subira kumurongo wuzuye. Igishushanyo cya sisitemu yo kugaburira no kugaburira-imiyoboro itanga ibyuma n'ibigega bigaburira kugabanuka-niho ubuhanzi na siyanse bihurira. Kwigana software bifasha ubungubu, ariko biracyasaba ibisobanuro byuburambe. Intego ni ukugera ku cyerekezo gikomeye, aho igice gikomera kuva kure cyane ugana kugaburira, bigomba kuba ikintu cya nyuma cyo gushimangira.
Kunanirwa bisanzwe muri gushora ibyuma ni Kubeshya. Twigeze kugira inzu ya pompe yuzuye urukuta muri duplex ibyuma bidafite ingese. Kwigana byasaga nkaho bisukuye, ariko twari dufite akavuyo kagabanutse kurubuga rukomeye rutwara imitwaro. Igereranya ryari ryarafashe ibintu byiza byubushyuhe bwa shell. Mubyukuri, itandukaniro rito ryaho mubugari bwibishishwa byaremye ahantu hashyushye bihagarika gukomera imbere. Igisubizo kwari ukongeramo akonje gato, gashyizwe mubushishozi - igice cyumuringa cyinjijwe mugikonoshwa - kugirango byihute gukonja. Nibintu bito byuburyo bukosorwa biva mumyaka yo gukora no kubona.
Ubundi buryo bworoshye ni isuka ubwayo. Hamwe n'amavuta menshi, ntushobora kujugunya ibyuma gusa. Hariho tekinike nko gusuka kugirango ugabanye imivurungano kandi wirinde kwinjiza umwuka cyangwa umuyaga. Kubintu bimwe byoroshye, ushobora no gusuka munsi yikirere gikingira. Nibisobanuro birambuye bitandukanya caster yibicuruzwa na tekiniki.
Igipimo nyacyo: Guhoraho mugihe
Noneho, ibisobanura ubushobozi gushora imari utanga isoko? Ntabwo ari ubushobozi bwo gukora prototype imwe itunganye. Nubushobozi bwo gukora icyiciro 001 hamwe nicyiciro 100 hamwe nuburinganire buringaniye, kurangiza hejuru, hamwe nubukanishi. Aha niho imyaka 30 ikora yikigo nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology ihinduka umutungo ugaragara. Bishatse kuvuga ko bishoboka ko bahinduye imikorere yimikorere yabo - ubwiza bwihuse, gukoresha stucco, kuzunguruka autoclave cycle, igipimo cy’itanura - binyuze mugukurikirana no guhinduka.
Guhuzagurika nabyo bijyanye no gucunga ibishashara. Ibipimo byo gutera inshinge, ibishashara bivanga ubwabyo (bishobora kuba ibya nyirarureshwa), hamwe nuburyo bwo kubika ibishashara bishashara byose bigira ingaruka kumpera yanyuma. Iduka rifite uburambe bwigihe kirekire rifite ububikoshingiro bwibintu bigabanuka kubintu bitandukanye hamwe na geometrike igice kirenze indangagaciro zibitabo, binonosowe namateka yabo yo gupima.
Ubwanyuma, gutsindira ibyuma gushora imari ni disipuline yo kugenzura. Byumvikane ko icyemezo mucyumba cyibishashara cyumvikana mu itanura rivura ubushyuhe, kandi ko kuzigama ibikoresho byigikonoshwa bishobora gutwara amafaranga menshi mugutunganya ibikoresho. Inzira ihishura amabanga yayo gahoro gahoro, binyuze mukurebera abarwayi rimwe na rimwe kunanirwa kubabaza. Iyo bikozwe neza, bitanga ibice bikomeye bidasanzwe, bigoye, kandi bikora neza - ariko kugera hari ikindi ariko cyoroshye. Nuruhererekane rwimbitse, rufatika rwibitera n'ingaruka ushora imari mugihe uhisemo umufatanyabikorwa wawe.
