Urabizi, iyo abantu bumvise 'imashini iterwa inshinge' cyangwa MIM, habaho gusimbuka ako kanya gutekereza ko ari ibishushanyo mbonera bya pulasitike gusa cyangwa umunywanyi utaziguye wo gushora imari. Aho niho hantu hambere aho ibiganiro bisanzwe bigenda. Ifite iyi niche idasanzwe, akenshi itumva nabi - ntabwo ikora neza, ntabwo ikozwe neza, ahubwo ni uburyo bwo kuvanga ifu ya metallurgie ya hydride, iyo ubonye neza, ihenze cyane kuburyo budasanzwe kubice bito, binini cyane. Ariko kubyumva neza ni umukino wose.
Icyerekezo Cyibanze: Ingorabahizi kubuntu
Ingingo nini yo kugurisha, numutego munini, ni igishushanyo mbonera. Udutabo dukora nkaho ushobora gushushanya ibice byose, urukuta ruto rwose, kandi rusohoka gusa. Kandi mubuhanga, urashobora. Ibiryo-ibyo ni ifu nziza yicyuma ivanze na polymer binder-itemba nka plastiki. Uzuza rero cavites zigoye zaba inzozi zo gutunganya. Ndibuka umukiriya ushaka igikoresho gito cyo kubaga gifite imiyoboro yimbere. Ku mpapuro, MIM yari itunganye.
Ariko aho niho hambere igenzura ryukuri. Kuberako ushobora kubumba ntabwo bivuze ko bizacumura neza. Uwo ni kubumba ibyuma umwanya wingenzi: kuzenguruka no gucumura. Igice kiragabanuka, kimwe urizera, hafi 15-20%. Izo nkuta nziza cyane zirashobora guturika niba inkunga mugihe cyizuba cyumuriro idakwiye. Icyo gice cyo kubaga? Icyiciro cya mbere cyasohotse mu itanura gisa nigishusho kigezweho. Tugomba gusubira inyuma, kubyimba igice kitanegura kugirango twongere ubukana, kandi duhindure igipimo cyo gutanura itanura. Ibigoye ntabwo ari ubuntu; urimo ucuruza gusa imashini itoroshye yo gucumura inzira.
Aha niho iduka ryimashini rishobora gusebanya, ariko uruganda rufite uburambe bwagutse rubona. Isosiyete nka Ikoranabuhanga rya Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY), hamwe na mirongo yayo muri gushora imari no gutunganya CNC, mubyukuri bifite icyerekezo gikwiye. Babona imiterere y'ibinyampeke, ibikenewe nyuma yo gutunganywa. Basobanukiwe ko MIM atari amayeri yihariye; ni inzira igaburira murwego rwuzuye rwo gukora. Kurugero, igice cya MIM gishobora kuva mubicumuro hafi ya net, ariko bore ikomeye irashobora gukenera pass ya CNC yoroheje kugirango yihangane cyane. Ukeneye ubwo bushobozi bwo gutunganya intoki, bwinjijwe mubitekerezo kuva mbere.
Imitekerereze yibikoresho: Ntabwo ari ibyuma gusa
Ibikoresho byo kuvuga muri MIM ni urundi rwego. Abantu bavuga ibyuma bitagira umwanda 316L bakibwira ko bisa nububiko bwakorewe. Ntabwo aribyo. Itangira nka micron-nini ya spherical powder, ikayungurura hafi yuzuye yuzuye. Imiterere yubukanishi ni nziza, akenshi 95-98% yakozwe, ariko ubuzima bwumunaniro cyangwa kurwanya ruswa birashobora gutandukana muburyo bushingiye kumyuka mibi hamwe nubushake bwa nyuma. Urimo wubaka metallurgie kuva ifu hejuru.
Aha niho idasanzwe ushimishe. Twakoze ibyiciro hamwe na nikel-ishingiye kuri superalloys kubice bya aero. Ikibazo? Gukuraho binder bigomba kuba bitagira inenge. Ibisigisigi byose bya karubone muri ubwo bushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane mugihe cyo gucumura birashobora gukora karbide zoroshye kandi bikangiza imikorere yikigero kinini. Ni imbyino hagati ya chimie nu micungire yubushyuhe. Amavu n'amavuko ya QSY muguterera cobalt hamwe na nikel ishingiye kuri nikel ibaha ukuguru hano - basanzwe bamenyereye imyitwarire yibintu mubushyuhe bukabije, kubyerekeye kurwanya ingano. Ubwo bumenyi bwimura, nubwo inzira itandukanye.
Umubumbe wa Dilemma hamwe nigikoresho gifatika
Buriwese azi ko MIM ari iyijwi ryinshi. Igikoresho cyo gukoresha ni ingirakamaro-ibyuma bikomye, ibumba-cavit nyinshi, akenshi hamwe nibikorwa bigoye. Ugomba gukwirakwiza icyo giciro hejuru, vuga, ibice 50.000 byibuze kugirango byumvikane. Ariko amajwi menshi aragereranijwe. Nigeze gukora umushinga wumushinga utoranya imbunda. Ijwi ryari rihari, ibihumbi magana. Ariko ibikoresho bya mbere byavuzwe byari ibintu bitangaje. Tugomba guha agaciro-injeniyeri ibumba: kugabanya imyenge, koroshya uburyo bwa ejector, twemera umwanya muremure gato. Igiciro kuri buri gice cyazamutseho igice, ariko umushinga wabaye ingirakamaro.
Irindi somo ryibikoresho ni ukubungabunga. Ibiryo biragabanuka. Bizasenya amarembo hamwe nudusanduku twibanze hejuru yibihumbi magana. Ugomba gutegura kubyo, ufite gahunda yo kugenzura no kuvugurura. Ntabwo ari ugushiraho no kwibagirwa umusaruro nkuko bamwe babitekereza. Uragahora ukurikirana uburemere bwigice (icyerekezo cyingenzi cyerekana imyambarire) no kugenzura ibipimo. Ni inzira nzima.
Iyo MIM yananiwe (Kandi Ibyo Wiga)
Ntabwo wigeze ukora MIM kugeza igihe wagize ikibazo gikomeye. Icyigishijwe cyane ni icyiciro cyamazu ahuza. Batsinze igenzura ryose rinini nyuma yo gucumura. Ariko mugihe cyo gukora plaque ya kabiri, batangiye gucika. Nyirabayazana? Gusiba kutuzuye. Agace gato ka binder kagumye gufatirwa mugice kinini cyane. Mugihe cyo gufata isahani, yarenze cyangwa itera ingingo yibibazo, biganisha kuri micro-crack. Byari kunanirwa kwishusho yumuriro, ntabwo ari molding. Twagombaga gusiba icyiciro cyose hanyuma tukongera gushushanya itanura hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gufata ubushyuhe bukabije. Yacumuye urugo ngo kwigana ibyuma byo gutera inshinge ni urunigi rwintambwe eshatu zingana: kubumba, gutesha agaciro, gucumura. Intege nke muri buriwese zimena urunigi.
Iyi ni iyindi ngingo yo guhuza hamwe nuburyo nka shell mold casting cyangwa gushora imari. Mugihe tekinike zitandukanye, filozofiya irasa: ufite icyitegererezo (cyangwa ifu), ukora ishusho, hanyuma ukayishyira mubushyuhe bukabije kugirango ubone igice cyanyuma. Uburyo bwo kunanirwa buratandukanye - kugabanya ububobere mu gukina hamwe nudusembwa twa MIM - ariko imitekerereze yo kugenzura ihinduka ryumuriro ni ururimi rusangiwe. Umutekinisiye ukomoka inyuma ya casting akenshi yumva neza akamaro k'ibipimo by'ubushyuhe, nubwo ibikoresho bitandukanye.
Kwishyira hamwe
None MIM yicaye he uyumunsi? Ntabwo ari isasu rya feza. Nigikoresho gikomeye kubisanduku runaka: bigoye, bito (mubisanzwe munsi ya garama 100), ibice byibyuma byinshi. Imbaraga nyazo zarafunguwe mugihe zidafashwe nkizinga. Ibisubizo byiza nabonye ni mugihe inzira ya MIM ihujwe nibikorwa byo hasi uhereye mugice cyo gushushanya. Turashobora gushushanya iyi mikorere kugirango ibumbwe, bityo dukureho imashini eshatu zo gutunganya? Turashobora gutondekanya ifu yicyuma idafite ingese kugirango igabanye ubukana bugabanya kwambara nyuma yimashini?
Urebye urutonde rwubushobozi bwuzuye rukora ibintu byinshi. Kurugero, kubibona QSY itanga Igikonoshwa, gushora imari, gutunganya CNC, no gukorana nimiryango imwe yibikoresho (idafite ingese, idasanzwe idasanzwe) ikunze kugaragara muri MIM - iyo ni umwirondoro wumufatanyabikorwa ushobora guhamagara ubunyangamugayo. Bashobora kureba igice cyacapwe bakavuga bati, Kuri iyi geometrie nubunini, MIM irashobora kugukiza 30% hejuru yimashini, ariko gushora imari birashobora kuba bikomeye kuri iki gice cyurukuta. Ntabwo bafite ubushake bwo guhuza imbaraga inzira imwe. Urwo nirwo rubanza rwumwuga ruva muburyo bwo kubona uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora ibyuma bihuza hamwe, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe, bidahuye.
Mu kurangiza, MIM ni inzira yo kumvikana. Ucuruza ibintu bimwe na bimwe byuzuye kubwisanzure bwa geometrike. Uremera ibikoresho byo hejuru hejuru kubiciro biri munsi kubiciro. Wunguka hafi ya net ariko ugomba kubahiriza amategeko yo gucumura. Ni igisubizo cyiza, ariko gusa iyo uyijyamo ufunguye amaso, wubaha urunigi rwose kuva ifu kugeza igice cyarangiye. Ntabwo ari amarozi; nibyiza cyane, metallurgie neza.
