Reka tuganire umusenyi utera ibyuma. Abantu benshi bumva ibyuma bidafite ingese bahita batekereza neza, batekereza gushora imari, batekereza neza birangiye. Gutera umucanga bishyirwa kumurongo nka mubyara mubi, wanduye. Iri ni ikosa. Nibikorwa byiza rwose kubintu byinshi, ariko ugomba kumenya ururimi rwarwo. Igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu, ibigize umucanga - cyane cyane kuri aya mavuta - ni inyamaswa itandukanye no gutera ibyuma. Ntushobora gusuka 304 gusa mubyatsi bibisi byashizweho kubipfundikizo bya manhole kandi utegereje amarozi. Amazi aratandukanye, kugabanuka birakaze, kandi nubona gukonja nabi, uba ufunze imihangayiko cyangwa bibi, utera amarira menshi ashyushye agaragara nyuma yo gukora. Nabonye bibaho. Umukiriya yigeze gutsimbarara ku mubiri munini, utoroshye wa valve ukoresheje umucanga, kurwanya inama. Igisubizo? Umukino mwiza-usa neza wasatuye munsi yubushyuhe bwawo mugihe cyo gukonja. Byasaga neza neza hejuru, ariko byari bishaje. Nicyo kintu hamwe no guta umucanga udafite umwanda: marike yo kwibeshya mugushushanya inzira iroroshye.
Imyumvire idahuye
None se kuki kubogama? Ndibwira ko bimanuka kurangiza no gutomora. Gushora imari, gushushanya ibishishwa-biguha hafi-net-shusho ibice, rimwe na rimwe byiteguye guterana hamwe nakazi gake. Gutera umucanga biguha ubusa, akenshi hamwe namafaranga aremereye. Kubintu byinshi cyane, bito bito bitagira umwanda, ibyo birasesagura. Urimo kwishyura imashini kure ibintu byinshi bihenze. Ariko aho kumena umucanga urabagirana muri rimwe, prototypes, ibice binini binini. Tekereza inzu ya pompe, ibyumba bya turbine, ibyuma binini, cyangwa ibintu byubaka. Turimo kuvuga ibice bishobora gupima kuva kuri 50kg kugeza kuri toni nyinshi. Kugerageza gukora ibice 500 kg byimashini zinganda ukoresheje gushora imari birasaze mubukungu. Umucanga ninzira yonyine ifatika.
Icyangombwa ni ugucunga ibiteganijwe. Ubuso buzagira ibyo biranga gritty. Kwihanganirana kwagutse ni kwagutse, tekereza mm 2mm kurwego rwa 500mm nkuyobora, bitewe nubuhanga bwumushinga. Urimo gushushanya imikorere ubanza, ntabwo ari ubwiza. Kandi ugomba, ugomba, ugomba gushiramo ibishingwe hakiri kare. Igishushanyo mbonera ni byose. Gutegura inguni, amafaranga yo kugabanuka-kubitagira umwanda, mubisanzwe dukoresha itegeko ryabashushanyo hafi 2.1% kugeza kuri 2,4%, ariko biratandukana ukurikije amanota. 316L izitwara itandukanye na CF8M (abakinnyi bahwanye) mugihe cyo gukomera. Niba wohereje moderi ya CAD yarangiye kumaduka ukavuga ngo kora ibi, utabanje kugisha inama, urasaba ibibazo.
Aha niho uburambe buva mumaduka yakemuye inzira zitandukanye ni ntagereranywa. Fata isosiyete nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Urashobora kubona akazi kabo kuri https://www.tsingtaocnc.com. Hamwe nimyaka irenga 30 mugukora no gutunganya, babonye byose - ibishishwa, igishoro, kandi yego, guta umucanga kubikoresho. Ubwo bumenyi bwambukiranya inzira ni ngombwa. Ntabwo bari kureba gusa icyuma kidafite ingese hanyuma bakagihata mumucanga. Bashobora gusuzuma geometrie, ubunyangamugayo busabwa, ingano, kandi bagasaba inzira yubuhanga nubukungu. Rimwe na rimwe, igisubizo ni ugucanga umusenyi hanyuma ugakoresha imashini zabo murugo CNC kugirango bakubite kwihanganira gukomeye kumitsi cyangwa mumaso. Ubwo buryo bwahujwe nuburyo ukora umusenyi utera ibyuma kora neza.
Nitty-Gritty: Kwinjira, Kugaburira, n'umucanga ubwabyo
Nibyiza, reka twinjire muri nyakatsi. Gusuka umwanda, cyane cyane amanota ya austenitis nka 304/316, ntabwo ari nko gusuka ibyuma bya karubone. Ni ngufi - amazi make. Irakomera vuba kurwego, ikora zone mushy. Ibi bituma ikunda kugabanuka niba itagaburiwe neza. Igishushanyo cyawe cya riser nicyo cyambere. Bakeneye kuba binini, bagashyirwa mubikorwa, kandi bagakomeza gushyuha kurenza uko wari umenyereye. Gukonja ninshuti yawe guhatira gukomera icyerekezo. Dukunze gukoresha ibyuma cyangwa umuringa bikonje bishyizwe mubice byimbitse kugirango dukure ubushyuhe vuba, bigatuma ibyuma bikomera bigana kuri riser.
Hano hari umucanga. Umusenyi wa Silica urasanzwe, ariko kubutagira umwanda, ukunze kubona zircon cyangwa umucanga wa chromite ukoreshwa murwego rwo kureba. Kubera iki? Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Ikurura ubushyuhe mubyuma byihuse, biteza imbere ingano nziza nubuso bukomeye, bwimbitse kuri casting. Birahenze cyane, ariko kubice bikomeye, ntabwo biganirwaho. Sisitemu ya binder nayo ifite akamaro. Umucanga uhujwe na chimique (nka furan cyangwa urethane ya fenolike) birasanzwe kubitagira umwanda. Baguha ibishushanyo bikomeye, gutuza neza kurwego, kandi urashobora gushushanya ibintu byinshi bigoye. Greensand irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bworoshye, ariko inenge zijyanye nubushuhe nkibyobo bya gaze cyangwa ibihumyo ni ibyago rwose hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi bwo kwisuka (hafi ° C kuri 304).
Kubabara umutwe? Gutwika. Aho icyuma gishongeshejwe gihuza igice hamwe numusenyi wumusenyi hejuru. Ninzozi mbi gukuraho, akenshi bisaba gusya bikabije cyangwa kurasa guturika, bishobora gukora-gukomera hejuru. Mubisanzwe ni ikimenyetso cyumuteguro mubi cyangwa umusenyi utari mwiza / binder combo. Wiga kubona imiterere itera - umucanga neza cyane, ntabwo uhumeka bihagije, ubushyuhe bwicyuma hejuru cyane. Nibimwe mubibazo byubuziranenge bitandukanya uruganda rwiza nicyiza.
Nyuma yo gukina: Akazi nyako akenshi gatangira
Hano hari ikindi kintu cyagenzuwe. Iyo casting ivuye muri shakeout, akazi kawe birashoboka ko igice cyarangiye. Ugomba guca amarembo na risers, kuri stainless birakomeye. Plasma arc cyangwa gukata abrasive nibisanzwe. Noneho hariho kuvura ubushyuhe. Ibice byinshi byumucanga bitagira umwanda bizakenera igisubizo cya annealing. Ibi birimo gushyushya hafi ° C, gufata, hanyuma kuzimya vuba mumazi cyangwa mwuka. Ibi bishonga karbide ya chromium yakozwe mugihe cyo gukonja buhoro mubibumbano (bishobora gukurura ubukangurambaga no kwangirika) kandi bikagabanya imihangayiko y'imbere. Gusimbuka iyi ntambwe nibisanzwe, ikosa ryibice kubice bigenewe serivisi ibora.
Nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, ukunze kuvumbura ibintu. Abakinnyi ba casting. Nibyiza rwose. Niyo mpamvu usize ayo mafaranga yo gutunganya cyane. Aha niho ubufatanye nububiko bwimashini ari ngombwa. Isosiyete ikora casting na mashini, nka QSY, ifite inyungu nini. Bazi uburyo igice gishobora kuva mu kuvura ubushyuhe, bazi aho basiga ububiko bwinyongera, kandi barashobora kubihuza neza kugirango bikorwe. Kugerageza kubona umucanga ucuramye kugirango wicare neza muri CNC vise kumaduka yimashini idafitanye isano nigisubizo cyibice byakuweho n'impaka.
NDT ni ikindi kintu gikomeye, kandi akenshi kidahabwa agaciro, intambwe. Kubice birimo umuvuduko, ibizamini bya radiografiya (RT) cyangwa ibizamini bya ultrasonic (UT) birasobanuwe. Ariko kubice byinshi byinganda rusange, ikizamini cyiza cyo gusiga irangi (PT) nubusa byibuze kugirango ugenzure ibice cyangwa hejuru. Amarembo hamwe ningaruka zo guhuza ni urubuga rwambere rwo gutangiza. Urabasya neza, hanyuma PT. Sinshobora kubara inshuro zingahe zisa nkizitunganijwe zerekanaga umusatsi wogosha ijosi riser nyuma ya PT. Nintambwe ikenewe, yicisha bugufi.
Igihe cyo Guhitamo: Igiti gifatika
None, ni ryari ukurura imbarutso kumucanga kugirango utagira umwanda? Reka dushyire mu gaciro. Ubwa mbere, ingano n'uburemere. Niba birenze 100kg nubunini buke (vuga, munsi yibice 50), guta umucanga nuwahatanira umwanya wa mbere. Icya kabiri, geometrie. Birakinguye? Urashobora gukuramo icyitegererezo muri yo nta miriyoni igoye, yoroshye? Ibice byimbere byimbere birashobora kugusunikira kugikonoshwa cyangwa gushora imari, nubwo igice kinini. Icya gatatu, ni ikihe kintu gikomeye? Nibishushanyo mbonera cyangwa umubiri ufite umuvuduko ukabije wa valve? Igenzura ryiza, ubwoko bwumucanga, nurwego rwa NDT bizatandukana cyane, bigira ingaruka kubiciro.
Icya kane, kandi ibi ni binini: kuyobora igihe nigiciro cyigiciro. Kubwa rimwe, kubaka igiti cyuzuye cyangwa urethane birahenze kandi bitwara igihe. Aha niho tekinoroji igezweho nka 3D yacapishijwe umucanga. Shira kumurongo hamwe nintangiriro kuva CAD. Numukino uhindura prototypes na complexe imwe-imwe. Igiciro cyigiciro ni kinini, ariko igiciro cyo gushiraho nigihe cyaragabanutse. Ndakeka ko ibitekerezo-byimbere-fondasiyo bihuza ibi. Amaduka afite ibitekerezo byinshi byinganda, nka QSY, ikora muburyo butandukanye bwo gukina hamwe na CNC, ihagaze neza kugirango itange inama kubijyanye no gukora imiterere gakondo cyangwa gucapa mu buryo butaziguye byumvikana kubantu runaka umusenyi utera ibyuma umushinga.
Hanyuma, suzuma urunigi rwose. Urimo kugura gusa casting, cyangwa ukeneye ibikoresho byuzuye, byakozwe? Niba aribwo bwa nyuma, biva mu mutanga umwe ugenzura casting, kuvura ubushyuhe, no gutunganya bigabanya ububabare bwumutwe wa logistique, urutoki rwiza, kandi akenshi igiciro cyose. Kwishyira hamwe kwa serivisi ninyungu nini mugukora umucanga utagira ibyuma bidashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwanyuma bwo gukoresha, ntabwo ari nkibisanzwe.
Kurangiza Ibitekerezo: Nigikoresho, ntabwo gisanzwe
Reba, umusenyi utera ibyuma ntabwo ari byiza. Ntabwo izaguha indorerwamo yo kurangiza guta-ibishashara. Irasaba kubaha inzira, ubufatanye bwimbitse hagati yabashushanyije n’umushinga, no kumva ko igice kinini cyigiciro cyanyuma nubuziranenge bizagenwa mugihe cyo gutunganya no kurangiza. Nuburyo bwibanze bwo gukora, bwiza bwo gukora amagufwa aremereye, yubatswe yibikoresho.
Kwikuramo ntibigomba kuba kubyirinda, ahubwo kubihuza nubwenge. Umufatanyabikorwa hamwe na fondasiyo yerekanye uburambe hamwe na alloy, saba kubona imirimo isa, wumve ubushobozi bwabo mugushushanya no gutunganya umucanga. Kandi utekereze cyane kubatanga isoko bahagaritse inzira iva mubice kugeza igice cyarangiye. Ntabwo byangiza umushinga. Muburyo bukwiye, hamwe nuburyo bukwiye bwo kugenzura, ibice byumucanga bidafite ingese birakomeye kandi bihendutse. Nibijyanye no guhitamo igikoresho cyiza kumurimo, kudahatira igice cyose kitagira umwanda muburyo bwuzuye-kandi buhenze cyane.
