Iyo wumvise 'igice cyo guteramo ibyuma', ibitekerezo byinshi bisimbukira kumurongo wanyuma - geometrie gushushanya. Ngiyo imyumvire ya mbere itari yo. Igice nyacyo ntabwo ari imiterere gusa; ni amateka yose yicyuma gishongeshejwe, imyitwarire yububiko, imbeho ikonje ifunze imbere, hamwe nintoki zirengagizwa ziza nyuma yo kunyeganyega. Nibihinduka bifatika hamwe nibuka, ntabwo byoroshye gukoporora-paste kuva muri CAD.
Umukino wa Shell: Birenze Umusenyi
Fata shell mold casting, bumwe muburyo bwibanze kuri QSY. Abantu batekereza ko ari hafi yo kurangiza neza, kandi ni - tuvuga Ra 6.3 kugeza 12.5 mkm neza neza. Ariko impanuro nyayo iri mumusenyi uhujwe n'umusenyi. Kuri complexe igice cyo guta ibyuma hamwe n'imiyoboro y'imbere cyangwa ibice bikikijwe n'inkuta, niba icyo gishishwa kidatanga umusaruro mugihe gikonje, ubona amarira ashyushye. Ntabwo ari uduce ubona ako kanya, ariko neza, intege nke zumusatsi zigaragara gusa mugupima igitutu cyangwa gutunganya. Ibi twabyize inzira igoye imyaka yashize kumurongo wa pompe. Ibipimo byuzuye, kurangiza neza, ariko igipimo cya 30% cyo gutsindwa muri hydro-test. Nyirabayazana? Igikonoshwa cyarakomeye cyane kubyo kugabanuka kwicyuma gito cya karubone kugabanuka. Twagombaga guhamagarira gusubira muri resin kuri ako kazi runaka, twigomwe imbaraga zambere zo kubumba kugirango zisenyuke neza. Ntabwo arimwe igenamiterere rihuye na bose.
Sisitemu yo kwinjirira ibishishwa ni inyamaswa zitandukanye. Kuberako ifu yoroheje kandi yuzuye, icyuma gitemba vuba, gikonja vuba. Ntushobora gukoresha ibarwa riseru nkuko wabikora kumusenyi munini wicyatsi. Dukunze gukoresha bito, byinshi risers byashyizwe hafi yibice byimbitse. Irasa nigitabo gito, ariko irakora. Intego ni ukugaburira kugabanuka udashyizeho ibigo binini byubushyuhe bihinduka uturere. Rimwe na rimwe, igisubizo cyiza cyane kuri software yigana ikenera pragmatic, mubi tweak hasi hasi.
Guhitamo ibikoresho hano birakomeye. Igishushanyo mbonera gikora neza hamwe na karubone hamwe nicyuma gito. Ariko iyo twinjiye muri bimwe murwego rwohejuru-rwohejuru, kuzimya-no gutondekanya amanota, gukonjesha byihuse kurangwa nigikonoshwa cyoroshye birashobora kuganisha ku gukomera-kuruta kwifuzwa ahantu hakeye, bigatuma gukora nyuma bikarota nabi. Ugomba gushira mubikorwa bya microstructure kuva mu ntangiriro, rimwe na rimwe ndetse ugahindura ibyuma byoroheje hamwe nurusyo kugirango wishyure ukwezi kwihariye. Nibiganiro, ntabwo ari itegeko gusa.
Gutera ishoramari: Icyitonderwa ku giciro (cyo kugorana)
Gushora imari, cyangwa yatakaye-ibishashara, niho ukura ibyo bitangaza hafi-net-shusho. Ubworoherane muri ± 0.005 kuri santimetero birashoboka. Ariko interuro ishoboka ni ugukora akazi kenshi. Igishashara cyerekana ibishashara ubwacyo kizana impinduka-ubushyuhe bwo gutera inshinge, umuvuduko, ubushyuhe bwo gupfa. Imihindagurikire ya dogere nkeya irashobora guhindura igishashara kigabanuka, gikwirakwira mu gishishwa ceramic, hanyuma amaherezo kigahinduka icyuma. Twigeze kumara ibyumweru bibiri twiruka hejuru yikintu cyuma kitagira ingese. Ibintu byose mubikorwa byari muri spec. Hanyuma, twarebye ikirere. Wari icyumweru cyizuba. Ibishashara byashushanyaga ubuhehere buturuka mu kirere hagati yo gutera inshinge, kubyimba buhoro buhoro. Gukosora? Kugenzura ikirere kubiti byashashara. Agace gato, katari tekiniki hamwe ningaruka zikomeye za tekiniki.
Igikonoshwa cyo kubaka mugushora imari nubuhanzi bwibice. Buri kantu kanyerera, buri mucanga stucco ikoreshwa, bigira ingaruka kumurongo wanyuma nimbaraga. Biremewe cyane, kandi ibyuma birashobora kwinjira, bigatera ubuso bubi. Byinshi cyane, kandi ushobora guhura nigikonoshwa mugihe cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa gutwika. Kubanegura igice cyo guta ibyuma nk'icyuma cya turbine cyangwa ibikoresho byatewe mu buvuzi, dushobora gukoresha ibikoresho bitavunika ku ikoti y'ibanze (mu maso) - ahari zirconiya aho gukoresha silika - kugira ngo imiti idahwitse y’imiti irwanya ibyuma. Ibi ntabwo biri mu gatabo gasanzwe; yubatswe kuva mumyaka yikigeragezo nikosa, hamwe nibirundo bike bihenze.
Noneho hariho dewaxing. Imashini ya autoclave irasanzwe, ariko kubintu binini cyangwa byinshi bigoye, flash firing irakoreshwa. Fata iyi ntambwe nabi, kandi igikonoshwa kiva mumitego yagutse yaguye. Igikonoshwa cyacitse ntabwo buri gihe gisobanura icyuma kigaragara; rimwe na rimwe bitera gusa udusimba cyangwa imitsi hejuru ya casting. Ntushobora kubibona kugeza nyuma yubutaka bwakuweho. Niyo mpamvu gahunda yo kugenzura ibiti kuri buri cluster ari zahabu. Ugomba gusubira inyuma. Ese uwo munsi umuvuduko wa autoclave wari usanzwe uwo munsi? Ubushyuhe bwa cluster mbere yo gutemba bwarahuye? Ni akazi k'iperereza.
Imashini ya CNC: Aho Kasting igaragara
Aha niho teoretiki ya casting ihura nukuri kwubugome. A. igice cyo guta ibyuma ntabwo arikintu kimwe cyibikoresho bya bilet. Igice cyawe cya mbere kirakubwira byose. Ijwi ryigikoresho, ibara rya chip, uburyo gukata amazi gutemba. Dukoresha ibice byacu byo gutunganya CNC murugo rwose kubwibyo bitekerezo. Ntushobora gutandukanya casting na mashini niba ushaka guhuzagurika.
Ikibazo cya mbere ni gushiraho datum. Ni he ukura zeru zawe hejuru yubuso, nkubutaka? Dukunze guterera kuri padi ntoya, yazamuye hejuru kumpande zidakomeye cyane mugukora datum. Babona imashini mu ntambwe yanyuma. Niba udateganya ibi mubishushanyo mbonera, uhatira imashini gushakisha igice, kizana impinduka. Nabonye ibice bivanyweho kubera ko casting yahindutse gato mubibumbano, kandi nta datum yizewe yizewe, umukanishi yarambiwe ibyobo byari tekiniki yo gucapa ariko bihindura igice kidakora.
Inenge zihishe zirigaragaza hano. Agace gato ko kugabanuka, kutagaragara kuri X-ray niba ari micro, bizatera igikoresho cyo kuganira cyangwa no kumeneka iyo gikubise aho hantu. Ikibanza gikomeye cyo gukonjesha vuba bizashira karbide winjizamo amasegonda. Abakanishi bacu ni abagenzuzi ba nyuma b'ubuziranenge. Bandika ibyo bahuye: Igikoresho cyambara cyane mumaso B, ukeka ko gukomera kwaho guhinduka. Urwo rugi rusubira muri metallurgist. Ahari dukeneye guhindura ubushyuhe busuka cyangwa gushyira riser kuri iyo zone. Ubu buryo bwahujwe kuri QSY nicyo gihindura casting nziza mubice byizewe, byoroshye. Ntabwo ari amarozi; ni itumanaho, ryatetse mubikorwa byimyaka 30.
N'ibikoresho. Gukora casting ntabwo ari nko gutunganya gusudira. Ntushobora gukomera hamwe n'imbaraga zititondewe. Abakinnyi bafite ibibazo bisigaye. Kurenza-clamping birashobora rwose kugoreka igice, nuko rero imashini ikora kare kugirango igire isoko yo kwihanganira imaze kurekurwa. Dukoresha guhangayikisha annealing mbere yo gutunganya ibice bikomeye, kandi dushushanya ibikoresho bifata neza ariko bikemerera kugenda bisanzwe. Rimwe na rimwe, ufata pasiporo itoroshye, fungura clamps, ureke iruhuke, re-torque, hanyuma ujye kurangiza. Bifata igihe kinini, ariko bikiza igice.
Ibikoresho by'ibikoresho: Ibyuma ntabwo ari ibyuma gusa
Kugaragaza ibyuma ntacyo bivuze. Turimo tuvuga karubone 1020? 4340 ibyuma bivanze? 17-4 PH idafite umwanda? Cyangwa ahantu nyaburanga bya duplex idafite ingese cyangwa cobalt ishingiye ku mavuta nka Stellite 6? Buriwese yitwara nkinyamaswa zitandukanye muruganda. Uwiteka igice cyo guta ibyuma kuri pompe idahwitse yambaye isahani muri cobalt-chromium ivanze ntaho ihuriye, ikora neza, hamwe nibikoresho bya 1045 bya karubone.
Ibyuma bya karubone birababarira, ariko birashobora kugabanuka kandi bikenera kugaburirwa bikomeye. Ibyuma bito cyane nka 4140 bifite ubukana bwiza, nibyiza kumiterere yanyuma ariko birashobora gutuma ucika mugihe cyo gukonjesha niba igishushanyo mbonera gikomeye. Ibyuma bya Austenitike bidafite ingese (304, 316) bifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo kugabanuka - hafi kabiri ibyuma bya karubone - kandi bikunze guturika. Sisitemu yo kwinjirira igomba gushirwaho kugirango igabanye ubushyuhe bwumuriro. Gusuka ubushyuhe birakomeye; birashyushye cyane, kandi ubona amacakubiri akomeye hamwe nintete nini; bikonje cyane, kandi igihu kiriruka cyangwa gufunga imbeho.
Noneho ufite amanota-akomera amanota nka 17-4 PH. Ibintu byiza byanyuma, ariko inzira yo gukina igomba kuba isukuye neza kugirango wirinde guhuzagurika bihinduka intumbero yibibazo. Kandi kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gutunganya ntibishobora kuganirwaho; ntabwo urimo kubona spes utayifite. Dukunze gukora igisubizo cyo gukemura (Imiterere A) nyuma yo gukora imashini ikaze, hanyuma imashini yanyuma, hanyuma kuvura gusaza. Nibyiniro byizuba ryumuriro no gukuraho ibikoresho. Kubyumva nabi bisobanura igice gipima neza ariko kizananirwa imburagihe. Ubunararibonye bwacu hamwe nuduseke twihariye mumyaka mirongo bivuze ko dufite protocole - akenshi twashizeho-twatezimbere kubikorwa byumukiriya runaka - kugeza kumurongo.
Kunanirwa nkumwarimu: Scrap Yard Chronicles
Ntabwo wigira kumasuka meza. Wigira kubitagenda neza. Kera mugihe cyanjye hano, twari dufite gahunda yo gutondekanya ibyuma binini, binini cyane byibyuma-amahame nkaya akoreshwa mubyuma. Bakomeje gutobora kurubuga nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe. Abakinnyi beza, hanyuma ping - igikoma. Twabanje gushinja icyiciro cyo kuvura ubushyuhe. Nyuma yisesengura ryibyuma, amakosa yari muri casting ubwayo: micro-shrinkage porosity yakoraga nkigikorwa cyo gutangiza. Ibyago byari binini bihagije, ariko byashyizwe nabi. Bagaburiraga hejuru yicyiciro, ariko ububobere bwarimo bushyuha ahantu hashyushye hashyushye aho ihuriro ryabuze. Tugomba kongeramo akonje gato, hanze - igice cyumuringa cyinjijwe murukuta rwabumbwe - kugirango duhatire iyo sano gukomera mbere. Ikibazo cyakemutse. Noneho, kuri geometrie iyariyo yose, ihuza geometrie, dutekereza kubukonje nkuko tubitekereza.
Ubundi buryo bwa kera: kubeshya kubice bito. Igishushanyo guhamagarira urukuta rwa 3mm ahantu runaka. Urasuka, kandi icyo gice nticyuzuye. Igisubizo cyoroshye nukwongera ubushyuhe. Ariko ibyo birashobora gutera ibindi bibazo nko gutwika umucanga cyangwa ingano nini. Rimwe na rimwe, igisubizo cyiza ni ukongera ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwaho ushyira igice hafi y irembo cyangwa ugakoresha amaboko ya exothermic azengurutse ibice bimwe na bimwe bya sisitemu yo kwinjira kugirango amazi yicyuma arekure muri iyo nzira yihariye. Nijyanye no kuyobora ubushyuhe, ntabwo wongeyeho byinshi kwisi.
Aya masomo ntabwo ari mubitabo byinshi. Byanditswe mugiciro cyibyuma bishaje kandi bitinze gutangwa. Baraguhatira kureba sisitemu yose - igishushanyo, ifumbire, icyuma, igipimo cyo gukonjesha, kunyeganyega, gusukura, gutunganya - nk'inzira imwe ihuriweho. Impinduka ku ntambwe imwe iranyerera kugeza ku ntambwe icumi. Nubukorikori nyabwo bwo gukora a igice cyo guta ibyuma. Ntabwo ari urukurikirane rw'ibikorwa byihariye; ni ihinduka rihoraho ugerageza kuragira ugana ku mwanzuro watsinze. Kandi iminsi, icyuma gifite ibitekerezo byacyo. Ugomba gutega amatwi hafi ubutaha.
