Urabona 'icyogajuru' ku gishushanyo kandi ikintu cya mbere kiza mubitekerezo ni 'bigoye, birwanya kwambara, bihenze'. Ubwo ni ubuso. Inkuru nyayo itangira iyo ugerageje kuyikora, kuyisudira, cyangwa isoko ya casting idacika munsi yimyitwarire yimbere. Hariho imyumvire itari yo ivuga ko kubera ko ari superalloy ishingiye kuri cobalt, hari ukuntu ari ubumaji. Mu myitozo, itandukaniro riri hagati yintebe ya valve ya Stellite 6 imara imyaka icumi nimwe igwa mumwaka akenshi biza mubuhanga bwuruganda hamwe no gusuka no kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yubushyuhe - burambuye ibintu byinshi byamasoko birabagirana rwose.
Umukino wa Casting Conundrum: Byose mubigaburo
Gushora imari ni ukujya kuri complexe Ibice bya satelite, nka kashe ya turbine cyangwa ibice bya pompe bigoye. Ariko hamwe na Stellite, hejuru yo gushonga hamwe nibiranga amazi ni inkota y'amaharakubiri. Ndibuka umushinga wo guteranya icyerekezo-ugamije gukora inkingi yinkingi kugirango irwanye umunaniro mwinshi. Igitekerezo cyari cyiza, ariko imyitozo yari inzozi zo kurira. Ikibazo ntabwo cyari ibihimbano; yari sisitemu yo kwinjirira no guhura. Twagombaga kuva mubishushanyo mbonera byibitabo tujya munini cyane, ibiryo bishyushye kugirango twishyure ibishishwa byihuse. Amaduka akoreshwa mubyuma gusa cyangwa na nikel avanze akenshi azajya ashimangira ibyo, biganisha ku kugabanuka kwinshi bidashoboka kubimenya utabanje kwipimisha. Aho niho hashingiwe kumyaka yubumenyi bwa tacit, nkibyo wasanga kumuhanga nka Ikoranabuhanga rya Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY), iba idashyikirana. Bamaze imyaka 30 bakora ibishishwa; birashoboka ko babonye ubwoko bwubwoko bwose bwo kugabanuka kandi bafite uburyo bwo guhindura kugirango baburinde.
Kuvura ubushyuhe nubundi buhanzi bwabirabura. Igisubizo cyo kuvura no gusaza kumirongo yimvura ikomera nka Stellite 21 nibyingenzi. Ariko igihe-ubushyuhe bwumurongo ukura mubikoresho byamakuru? Ni intangiriro. Umuzenguruko nyawo ukeneye kubara igice cyubugari bwigice cyawe. Umubiri wibice byimbitse hamwe nintoki yoroheje-urukuta bizitwara muburyo butandukanye mumatara amwe. Nabonye ibice bisohoka hamwe nubukomezi bukwiye ariko byangiritse gukomera kuko iduka ryakurikije resept rusange. Igisubizo? Igice cyatsinze QC ariko bikananirana imburagihe muri serivisi. Ukeneye utanga ibintu byumva metallurgie, ntabwo akurikiza imbonerahamwe yubushyuhe.
Noneho hariho ibikoresho fatizo byinjijwe. Ntabwo 'icyogajuru' cyose cyaremewe kimwe. Ibicuruzwa bisubirwamo, kugenzura ibintu (nka karubone na silikoni), ndetse nuburyo bwa master alloy ingot burashobora kugira ingaruka kubintu bya nyuma. Umufatanyabikorwa wizewe azashakisha ibicuruzwa byabo byashonge kandi abashe kuganira ku ngaruka za, tuvuge, 0.5% na 0.4% bya karubone kubisabwa byihariye byo gukenera abrasion hamwe na machinability.
Imashini: Aho Igikoresho kijya gupfa (Niba utitonze)
Niba utekereza ko gutunganya ingese bitoroshye, Amashanyarazi ni shyirahamwe ritandukanye. Igipimo cyo kunaniza akazi ni ibintu bitangaje. Gukata byoroheje, kugabanura ibintu bishobora gukora byinshi bibi kuruta ibyiza, akazi-gakomeye hejuru kandi bigatuma inzira ikurikira irushaho gukomera. Amayeri nukugera munsi yurwo rwego rukomeye akazi. Ibi bivuze gushiraho gukomeye, rwose nta kunyeganyega, no gukoresha positif-rake, amanota akomeye ya karbide yagenewe ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Kwinjiza Ceramic cyangwa CBN birashobora gukora kurangiza, ariko igiciro cyambere ni kinini kandi kiravunitse.
Coolant irakomeye, ariko ntabwo kubwimpamvu benshi batekereza. Ntabwo ari ugukonjesha nibindi bijyanye no gusiga no kwimura chip. Umuvuduko ukabije, unyuze mu bikoresho bya coolant sisitemu ni itegeko hafi yo gucukura umwobo cyangwa gusya. Intego ni ukurinda chip gusudira kugera kumurongo, ninzira yihuse yo kunanirwa ibikoresho byangiza. Imashini yumye? Wibagirwe. Uzabyara gusa ubushyuhe bukabije buhuza substrate munsi yo gukata.
Ibi twabyize inzira igoye kumurongo wa Stellite 12 hejuru yumuryango wa valve. Icapiro ryasabye ubuso bwiza kurangiza kuri diameter. Kugerageza kwacu bwa mbere hamwe na latine isanzwe ya CNC hamwe na firimu ikonjesha byatumye tuganira kandi hejuru yatanyaguwe. Igisubizo nticyari cyihuse RPM cyangwa kwinjiza geometrie yonyine. Tugomba guhindura inzira zose zikurikirana: guhindukira gukabije, hanyuma guhangayikishwa no kugabanuka (yego, na nyuma yo gutunganya), hanyuma turangiza gusya kuri spec. Intambwe yinyongera yongeyeho ikiguzi nigihe, ariko niyo nzira yonyine yo kugera kumurongo no kurangiza. Aha niho utanga isoko hamwe Imashini ya CNC n'ubumenyi bw'ibyuma bikiza umutwe. Bazi urukurikirane rufite akamaro nkibikoresho.
Welding na Overlay Minefield
Gukomera hamwe na Stellite inkoni cyangwa insinga birasanzwe, ariko dilution ni umwicanyi ucecetse. Niba ibyuma fatizo (mubisanzwe ibyuma bya karubone cyangwa bidafite ingese) bishonga cyane kandi bikavangwa nicyuma cyogosha cya Stellite, uhindura matrike ya cobalt hamwe nicyuma. Ibi bigabanya cyane ubukana bushyushye hamwe no kurwanya ruswa. Icyifuzo nigikorwa gito-cyogosha nka PTA (Plasma Transferred Arc) cyangwa lazeri. Ndetse hamwe nibi, kugenzura ibipimo nibintu byose. Ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane, kandi urimo gukora ibintu bihenze, munsi yicyuma-cobalt.
Nagenzuye ibice byambukiranya aho spike yahamagaye 3mm ya Stellite 6 yuzuye, kandi igikoresho cyiza, kidahumanye cyari munsi ya 1mm nyuma yo gukora. Igice cyakwambara mugice gito cyubuzima buteganijwe. Gukosora birimo kugenzura cyane kuri voltage ya arc, umuvuduko wurugendo, nigipimo cyibiryo byifu. Ninzira isaba ibyangombwa no gusubiramo, ntabwo ibyiyumvo byo gusudira gusa.
Nyuma yo gusudira ubushyuhe (PWHT) nubundi buryo bworoshye. Kubice bisaba uburinganire bwibanze (nkibigize umuvuduko urimo ibice), uruziga rwa PWHT rushobora kurenza imyaka hejuru ya Stellite yuzuye, ikoroshya. Rimwe na rimwe, ugomba kwemera kumvikana cyangwa gushushanya ibice kugirango agace ka Stellite gakurikizwe nyuma ya PWHT nyamukuru, ikongeramo ibintu bigoye. Nta gisubizo cyuzuye, gusa byibuze-bibi-kugurisha-serivisi kubikorwa bya serivisi.
Kunanirwa kwisi-kwisi: Urubanza rwa Ruswa ya Galvanic
Twigeze gutanga urutonde rwa Stellite 21 kugirango pompe yinyanja. Ibikoresho byatoranijwe kugirango birwanye isuri nziza. Bananiwe mu buryo butangaje mu mezi, ntabwo byatewe no kwambara, ahubwo byatewe no gutobora bikabije. Intandaro? Bashyizwemo imashini mu nzu idafite ibyuma. Muri electrolyte yo mu nyanja, twari twarakoze selile nini ya galvanike. Icyamamare cyiza cyane (gishingiye kuri cobalt) cyakoraga nka cathode, kandi amazu yicyuma adafite ingese yicyuma yahindutse anode yigitambo, yihutisha kwangirika kwayo. Isomo ryabaye ubugome: guhitamo ibikoresho ntibishobora kubaho mu cyuho. Ugomba gutekereza ku bidukikije byose - amazi, ubushyuhe, na cyane cyane ibindi bikoresho bihura. Umufatanyabikorwa mwiza wa tekinike azabaza ibibazo bya sisitemu-urwego, ntabwo yemera gusa icapiro igice kimwe.
Niyo mpamvu gukorana ninzobere yibikoresho byinshi byumvikana. Isosiyete nka QSY, ikemura ibintu byose uhereye kumyuma kugeza kuri nikel alloys, birashoboka cyane kubona ibyo bibazo byimikorere hakiri kare. Ubunararibonye bwabo mumiryango yibikoresho bubaha uburyo bwagutse bwibibazo byo guhuza iduka rimwe rishobora kubura.
Gukosora birimo gushushanya isura yimbere hamwe no guhindagura kwihanganira. Byari bishushanyije bihenze byashoboraga kwirindwa hifashishijwe igishushanyo mbonera-cyo-gusubiramo. Noneho, burigihe turabaza: Niki gikoraho, nibidukikije ni ibihe?
Amasoko hamwe nu Bushinwa
Reka dushyire mu bikorwa. Byinshi ibice byogukoresha ibice amasoko aganisha mubushinwa, urebye ikiguzi cya cobalt mbisi hamwe nibikorwa byinshi. Ubwoba burigihe burigihe bufite ireme. Itandukanyirizo nyamukuru ntabwo arigihugu, ni gukura mubikorwa byumushinga wihariye. Ukeneye ibimenyetso byubugenzuzi bwibikorwa: byemewe gushonga byemewe, imbonerahamwe yerekana uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe kuri buri cyiciro, hamwe na NDT ikomeye (nka FPIs kubice byo hejuru kubice bikomeye).
Urubuga nka tsingtaocnc.com rwerekana amateka maremare yo gukora (imyaka 30+) hamwe no kwibanda ku gishishwa no gushora imari. Kuramba muri iyi niche ni ikimenyetso. Irerekana ko bagendeye kumurongo wo kwiga kumurongo wamayeri kandi bakagumana abahanga bafite ubuhanga nubuhanga bwa metallurgiste bakeneye. Ikizamini nyacyo kiri mubiganiro byabo bya tekiniki. Bashobora kuganira kubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwo gusudira Stellite 1 kugeza 410 idafite umwanda? Bashobora gutanga inama yo gutondekanya impeta yoroheje ya Stellite 3? Igisubizo cyabo kuri ibi bibazo kirakubwira ibirenze icyemezo icyo aricyo cyose.
Ubwanyuma, ibice bya Satelite bigenda neza biva muburyo bwo kuvura ibinyomoro kububaha. Ntabwo ari ibyuma. Birasaba umubano wa symbiotic hagati yuwashushanyije, metallurgiste, na mashini. Intego ni ugukoresha umutungo wacyo udasanzwe udatsinzwe nibibazo byinganda. Abatanga ibicuruzwa babona ibi ni byo byanyuze mu muriro - mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo no mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo - by'itanura rya casting hamwe n’ikigo gikora imashini, kandi bifite ibisubizo bifatika, rimwe na rimwe biratsindwa, kubigaragaza.
