Iyo abantu benshi bumvise 'CNC ikora neza', bahita batekereza kwihanganira - urabizi, iyo mibare ± 0.001 yanditseho imbuga zose. Icyo ni igice cyacyo, byanze bikunze, ariko nigice cyoroshye gusezerana kandi akenshi igice kitoroshye cyo gutanga buri gihe, cyane cyane mugihe uhuye na geometrike igoye cyangwa ibikoresho byubushyuhe nka Inconel. Ibisobanuro nyabyo ntabwo biri mumashini isubirwamo gusa; biri murwego rwose - uhereye kuburyo usobanura igishushanyo, kugeza ingamba zawe, kugeza hasi gucunga kwaguka k'umuriro mu iduka nyuma ya saa sita zishyushye. Nabonye imirimo myinshi cyane aho ibice bipima neza kuri CMM ariko bikananirana mu guterana kuko umuntu yakoze ibintu byose uhereye kuri datum imwe atitaye kuburyo igice gikoreshwa. Ubwo ni ubwoko butandukanye bwibisobanuro, bumwe udasanga kurupapuro rwihariye.
Ibikoresho ni Umukiriya wa mbere
Urashobora kugira urusyo rwiza 5-axis kwisi, ariko niba ufashe 17-4 PH idafite umwanda nkuko ufata aluminium 6061, uri mwisi yababaye. Aha niho uburambe, cyangwa, uburambe bwibintu byihariye, buhinduka kutaganirwaho. Dukoresha byinshi gutunganya neza CNC ku mavuta adasanzwe - nikel ishingiye kuri cobalt, ibintu bishingiye ku mbaraga n’ikirere. Ibi bikoresho bikora-bigoye mu kanya gato. Inzira yawe yinzira, kugaburira, kwihuta, ndetse nubwoko bwinjiza geometrie igomba kuba mubiganiro bihoraho hamwe nibikoresho. Kunyeganyega gato guhuza utari kwirengagiza mubyuma birashobora guhita bitobora amadorari 200 yanyuma muri Hastelloy. Ntabwo ari bike kubijyanye na brute imbaraga nibindi bijyanye nigikorwa cyagenzuwe, gihoraho. Wiga gusoma chip - ibara ryabo nuburyo bikubwira kuruta sensor iyo ari yo yose rimwe na rimwe.
Niyo mpamvu iduka ryibanze rifite akamaro. Ikibanza kimara imyaka mirongo muri casting, nka Ikoranabuhanga rya Qingdao Qiangsenyuan (QSY), akenshi ifite ukuguru hejuru mugihe cyo gutunganya. Ntabwo babona fagitire gusa; basobanukiwe nuburyo ingano, ibishobora kubamo, hamwe nibibazo bituruka kumurongo wo hejuru. Gukora ibice bigize ibice ntabwo ari kimwe no gutunganya akabari. Urashobora gukenera gufata urumuri rwambere kugirango 'ubone' ubuso nyabwo, cyangwa uhindure ingamba zawe kubice. Ubwo buryo bwubumenyi butekwa mumyaka irenga 30, kandi bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye igice cyanyuma cyakozwe.
Ndibuka akazi kubintu bigize turbine biva kuri cobalt. Icapiro ryahamagaye indorerwamo kurangiza kumuyoboro w'imbere. Twometse imisumari, ariko kurangiza hejuru byari byoroshye, byerekana amarira mato. Ikibazo? Twakoreshaga inzira yinzira nigitutu gikonje cyashyizwe kumurongo. Byatwaye icyumweru cyo kugerageza, guhinduranya umuvuduko ukabije binyuze muri spindle coolant sisitemu hamwe nuruvange rwihariye rushingiye kumavuta, no kugabanuka gukabije kugaburo ryibiryo kuri pass ya nyuma kugirango ibyo birahure birangire. 'Precision' hano yari yerekeranye n'ubusugire bw'ubuso nkuko byari bijyanye n'uburinganire. Imashini irashobora kubikora, ariko ubumenyi bwibikorwa byatumye bishoboka.
Aho Gutera Guhurira Kumashini: Handoff Handoff
Nibinini, akenshi birengagizwa, agace kamakosa. Amaduka akora gusa Imashini ya CNC ibona casting kandi irashobora kuyikuramo gusa ugatangira gukata. Ariko nihe washyiraho datum yawe yibanze? Niba gukina bifite urujijo ruto cyangwa ubuso budakomeye bukoreshwa nkisura ya clamp, urashobora gukora imashini neza mugice cyihariye kidafite akamaro. Ibisobanuro bigomba gutangira mbere yuko igikoresho cya mbere gikora ku gice.
Ibikorwa bihuriweho bifite inyungu nini. Kuri QSY, kurugero, kuberako bakora byombi shell shell / gushora imari hamwe no gutunganya murugo, amaboko yatanzwe. Bashobora guterera mumashanyarazi cyangwa datum ibiranga bidakora ariko byuzuye mugutunganya imashini. Basobanukiwe n'amafaranga yo kugabanuka kandi barashobora kubanza gutangiza gahunda CNC kugirango yishyure. Ubu buryo bwo gushushanya ni umukino uhindura ibice bigoye. Umukanishi ntabwo arwana na casting; bafatanya nayo. Nabonye ibi bigabanya igipimo cyibicuruzwa ku giciro cyo hejuru gifite agaciro ka 30% cyangwa birenga, gusa kuberako itsinda ryimashini ryari mu cyuho mugihe cyo gusuzuma ibishushanyo mbonera.
Urugero rufatika: umubiri wa valve kubisabwa munsi yinyanja. Byari duplex idafite ibyuma bishora imari. Igice cyingenzi cyari isura yo gufunga hamwe nu mwobo wa bolt. Mugushushanya ibishushanyo mbonera kugirango umurongo wo gutandukana hamwe na sisitemu yo gutambuka bisigara bisukuye, bikoreshwa neza neza aho CNC yari ikeneye kumenya, twakijije ibikorwa bibiri byo gushiraho. Icy'ingenzi cyane, twakwemezaga ko uburebure bwurukuta ruzengurutse ibyambu bwari bumeze neza uhereye ku bakinnyi, bityo kurangiza kurangiza byari bike kandi biringaniye. Ibisobanuro byubatswe kuva ku ntambwe ya mbere.
Igikoresho & Gutekereza neza
Vugana numukanishi wese wabimenyereye, bazakubwira imashini nibyiza gusa nkibifata igice nigikoresho. Kuri gutunganya neza, cyane cyane mubunini buke, kuvanga cyane akazi, modular fixturing ni king. Ariko ntabwo ari ukugura ibikoresho byiza gusa. Nibijyanye no gushushanya ibikoresho byubaha igice, bigatanga ibikoresho, kandi cyane cyane, byemerera gukura kwinshi. Ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu byaguka ku kigero gitandukanye n’ibice by’ibyuma - ugomba kubara kubyo niba ukoresha uruziga rurerure kandi ubushyuhe bwamaduka bukagenda.
Twigeze gukuraho igice cyimpeta nini ya diametre impeta ya kashe kuko twakoresheje ibyuma binini, bikomeye cyane. Yafashe igice cyane kuburyo iyo twayirekuye nyuma yo kuyitunganya, imihangayiko y'imbere iturutse kumatongo yatumye imvura ihinduka bihagije kugirango binanirwe kugenzura. Isomo? Ibikoresho bigomba kuba bisobanutse, ariko bigomba no kuba impuhwe. Rimwe na rimwe, clamp yoroshye cyangwa inkunga yibikorwa ni 'byukuri' mubyukuri kuruta gukomera kwuzuye.
Guhitamo ibikoresho ni undi mwobo w'urukwavu. Kumashanyarazi maremare cyane, nagiye kure yo kwiruka karbide nshya, nziza cyane. Rimwe na rimwe, urwego rwo kubabarira cyane hamwe na substrate ikaze, ikore ku bipimo ngenderwaho, itanga ibisubizo byiza muri rusange hamwe nubuzima bwibikoresho. Ibisobanuro biva muburyo buhoraho, ntabwo ari imikorere yimikorere. Niba igikoresho gitangiye gutesha agaciro byateganijwe, urashobora kubitegura. Niba binaniwe bikabije, wabuze igice, igikoresho, kandi ahari fixture. Nabitse igitabo cyibikoresho bitandukanye - ntabwo byihuta gusa nigaburo, ariko nikihe gikoresho cyibikoresho na geometrie byatanze uburyo bwo kwambara buteganijwe kuruhande. Nibyo byukuri, bifatika kubikorwa byakazi.
Gupima Ibyingenzi (Kandi Kumenya Impamvu)
Hano hari umutego uhuriweho: kurenza urugero. Urashobora kubona ingingo yambere yo kugenzura raporo ifite impapuro 10 z'uburebure, ukagenzura buri gipimo cyanditse. Ariko ibyo byemeza ko igice gikora? Ntabwo buri gihe. Ubuhanga nyabwo ni mukumenya ibipimo-byingenzi-bikora (CTF) no kwibanda ku ngamba zawe zo gupima. Nibyo guhamagarwa 000 0.0005 kuri cosmetic flange birakenewe rwose, cyangwa byakuwe gusa kubishushanyo bishaje? Akenshi, ikiganiro na injeniyeri gifite agaciro kuruta raporo ya CMM.
Kurugero, kumazu ya pompe twakoresheje kuva mubyuma, icyifuzo cyukuri 'precision' cyari icyifuzo cya perpendicularité hamwe nukuri kwimyanya yibyuma bifitanye isano, ntabwo byanze bikunze diameter yuzuye kugeza kuri cumi ya kane. Twakoresheje imbaraga zacu kugirango dushyireho inzira n'ibikoresho byemeza iyo mibanire, kabone niyo byaba bivuze kureka urwego rwo hanze rutari rukomeye rwicara kumpera yagutse yihanganira. Ubu buryo bukora muburyo busobanutse butwara igihe nigiciro bitabangamiye imikorere.
Iyi sano isubira inyuma yo kugira inzira yuzuye. Isosiyete yumva ibyifuzo byigice, nkimwe yabaye muri casting na Imashini ya CNC kumyaka mirongo, ihagaze neza kugirango tugire ibyo biganiro. Bashobora kuba barabonye uburyo ibice byakusanyirijwe hamwe bigakoreshwa mumurima. Bashobora kureba igishushanyo kandi bakamenya kumenya ibipimo 'byo gukora' nibyo 'kubikorwa.' Ukwo guhamagarwa guca urubanza nuburyo busobanutse budakoresha micrometero.
Ibintu byabantu muburyo bwa Digital
Hanyuma, reka ntitugakundane na automatike. Gutunganya neza CNC itwarwa na code, ariko irinzwe nabantu. Porogaramu yongeramo radiyo 0.5mm kumuzi yimfuruka yimbere kuko bazi ko ari intumbero yibitera inteko. Umukoresha wumva impinduka nke mumajwi yo guca hanyuma agahagarika uruziga kugirango agenzure igikoresho, nubwo monitor yimitwaro itarakandagira. Umugenzuzi wubuziranenge wumva burr hamwe nintoki zabo sisitemu yo kureba yabuze.
Ubu bumenyi bwakusanyirijwe hamwe, ubumenyi bwuzuye ni urwego rwanyuma rwibisobanuro. Nicyo gihindura igice cyiza mubice byizewe. Ntushobora gukuramo cyangwa kuyitegura muri mashini nshya. Bituruka ku gukora imirimo ibihumbi, gukora amakosa, no kubyigiraho. Nimpamvu ituma amateka yububiko - nkurugendo rwa QSY rwimyaka 30 kuva guta imashini - ni umutungo ugaragara. Kuramba bivuze ko bakemuye inzira mumiryango yibintu hamwe ninganda zinganda. Birashoboka ko bakoze verisiyo yigice cyawe mbere, nubwo igishushanyo ari gishya.
Mugihe rero ushakisha umufatanyabikorwa kumurimo wuzuye, reba hejuru yimashini. Baza ibinyamakuru byabo bifatika, filozofiya yimikorere, uko bakemura inzibacyuho-yo-gutunganya, nuburyo logi yabo yananiwe isa. Ibisobanuro nyabyo biri mubitekerezo inyuma yinzira yigikoresho, ntabwo inzira yinzira yonyine. Nibintu bitesha umutwe, itera, byimbitse byabantu byo gukemura ibibazo, aho imashini nigikoresho kimwe gusa gishoboye mumasanduku.
