Iyo wunvise 'powder metallurgie produits', ishusho ihita kuri benshi iracyari ibyo byoroshye, byoroshye umuringa cyangwa ibice byubatswe. Nibyo bito byo kurambagiza, mubyukuri. Umwanya wimukiye kure yibyo, ariko imyumvire ikererewe nukuri. Mubikorwa byacu hamwe no gutunganya ibintu bigoye no gutunganya, dukunze kubona ibishushanyo aho igice cya PM cyaba gikwiye, ariko injeniyeri yanze gukinirwa cyangwa gutunganyirizwa imashini bivuye mu kabari kubera akamenyero, rimwe na rimwe birengagiza ibyiza bya net-net hamwe nibikorwa bya PM. Ntabwo ari ugukanda gusa no gucumura ifu yicyuma; ni ibyerekeranye nubucucike bwinshi, ibivanze bigezweho, hamwe nibikorwa byo gukora bivanga umurongo.
Ikiganiro Cyibikoresho: Kurenga Icyuma n'umuringa
Gukorana nudusimba twihariye nka cobalt ishingiye kuri nikel na nikel yo gushora imari biguha ishimwe ryinshi kubiciro byimikorere nibikorwa. Aha niho ifu ya metallurgie itangira gushimisha rwose. Gukora ibice biva mubyuma byabikoresho, ibyuma bidafite ingese, cyangwa na superalloys ukoresheje PM birashobora gukuraho ibibazo byinshi byo gutandukanya ubona muburyo bwo gushonga no gutara. Urabona microstructure irushijeho kuba imwe mumarembo. Ndibuka umushinga wibikoresho bya valve mubidukikije byangirika aho umukiriya yashimangiye gukoresha urwego rwihariye rwibyuma. Porotipire yambere yari ishoramari, byari byiza, ariko ikiganiro cyahindutse amajwi menshi. Twarebye kuri PM nkubundi buryo, cyane cyane 316L ibyuma bitagira umwanda ifu ya metallurgie inzira. Imiterere-ya-net-isobanura ko twakijije hafi 30% kubintu ugereranije no gutunganya ibintu bikomeye, kandi ibikoresho bya mashini, cyane cyane birwanya ruswa, byari bihuye neza igice-igice. Ntabwo yari ikinamico gusa; byari umukino wo kwizerwa.
Ibyo byavuzwe, ntabwo ari swap rusange. Guhitamo ibinyomoro muri PM bigenwa n amanota aboneka hamwe nikirere cyangiza. Ntushobora gufata ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyerekanwe kandi ukagihindura muburyo butaziguye. Hariho umurongo wo kwiga. Twagerageje kunanirwa kugerageza guhuza imitungo ya nikel irwanya ubushyuhe ikoreshwa muri kimwe mubikonoshwa byacu. Verisiyo ya PM yacumuye neza bihagije, ariko ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwikigereranyo cyo hejuru bwagabanutse kugera kubakinnyi. Isomo ntabwo ryari PM yari munsi, ariko ko yari sisitemu itandukanye rwose. Urimo gutegura gahunda ya PM, ntabwo urwanya urupapuro rwerekana.
Iyi sano isubira mubuhanga ahantu nka Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY). Hamwe nimyaka mirongo yo gukina no gutunganya CNC, basobanukiwe imyitwarire yibintu muburyo butandukanye. Ubwo bumenyi shingiro nibyingenzi mugihe cyo gusuzuma niba igice ari umukandida kuburyo bwa gakondo nkubuhanga bwabo mubishushanyo mbonera no gushora imari, cyangwa niba bigomba kwerekezwa kuri a ifu ya metallurgie utanga isoko. Nukugira urwego rwo kubona ikarita yinganda zose.
Aho PM amurikira n'aho isitara
Ahantu heza kuri PM ni muri geometrike igoye iteye ubwoba kumashini ariko irashobora gukorwa mugupfa. Tekereza ibikoresho bifite imiterere idasanzwe, ibice bifite ibice byimbere, cyangwa ibice bihuza ibintu byinshi murimwe. Kugenzura ibipimo nyuma yo gucumura, cyane cyane hamwe nubuhanga bugezweho nko gupfunyika urukuta rwamavuta hamwe na progaramu isobanutse neza, birashimishije. Akenshi uri muri ballpark yo kwihanganira igice cyimashini ikozwe, kubisabwa byinshi birahagije rwose.
Ariko hano hiccup ifatika twahuye nayo: porosity. Ninkota y'amaharakubiri. Igenzurwa rya porosity ninziza yo kwisiga amavuta cyangwa kuyungurura. Ariko kubice bikeneye imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana bwumuvuduko, cyangwa ubuso bwiza bwo kurangiza kubisahani byakurikiyeho, ubwo bwenge bufitanye isano nikibazo. Ugomba kwimuka mubikorwa nkibikoresho byo gutera inshinge (MIM) cyangwa gukanda kabiri / gucumura kabiri kugirango utere ubwinshi hejuru, byongera ikiguzi. Twigeze gushakisha isoko ya PM kugirango ikoreshwe ibintu bike. Cyakoze neza kandi cyatwaye amafaranga menshi. Kubikoresho bya pompe hydraulic bisaba imbaraga zingirakamaro hamwe nuburinganire bwa kashe, twagombaga gusubira munzira mpimbano kandi yakozwe. Verisiyo ya PM, ndetse no kuri 7.2 g / cm3, yagize ibyago byo kumeneka mikoro mukibazo. Kumenya imipaka ni ngombwa.
Indi ngingo ifatika ni ibikorwa bya kabiri. Ibisobanuro akenshi ni PM ikuraho imashini. Rimwe na rimwe. Kenshi na kenshi, irabigabanya. Imikorere myinshi ifu ya metallurgie ibice biracyakeneye CNC pass kubipimo binini bore, ibikorwa byo gutondekanya, cyangwa intambwe yo gusya hejuru yikimenyetso. Aha niho utanga isoko ifite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya imashini, nka QSY ikomeye ya CNC itunganya imashini, ihinduka umufatanyabikorwa wumvikana. Bashobora gutekereza ku ruhererekane rwose - uburyo igice cyacumuye kizabera, aho imibare ya datum iri, uburyo ibisigisigi bisigaye bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kwambara - aho gutanga igice kibisi gusa.
Kuringaniza Ibiciro Ntabwo Igiciro Cyonyine
Umuntu wese asimbuka kugiciro-igice. Igikoresho cya PM - ibyo byuma bikomye bipfa - bihenze kandi bifite igihe kirekire cyo kuyobora. Kuri prototype cyangwa amajwi make, akenshi ntabwo ari intangiriro ugereranije no gukora bilet cyangwa kubyara umucanga muke. Ijwi ntarengwa aho PM ihinduka ubukungu ikomeza kumanuka hamwe nuburyo bwihuse bwibikoresho, ariko biracyahari. Urimo gutega amajwi.
Kuzigama nyabyo ni gahunda. Gukoresha ibikoresho ni binini. Urimo gukoresha wenda 95% + yifu yifu, hamwe nibisigara bike. Gereranya ibyo no gutunganya igice kitoroshye kiva mububiko, aho ushobora guhindura 60% yibikoresho bihenze mo chip. Mubihe byibiciro bihindagurika, ibyo ni binini. Hariho kandi kugabanuka kwingufu zo gushonga no kurandura intambwe nyinshi zogukora. Kubisosiyete icunga umurongo wuzuye, ibi nibintu bifatika, kumurongo wo hasi urenze kugereranya amagambo yoroshye.
Ndatekereza kubigize umukiriya wimashini zubuhinzi. Byari flange yoroshye hamwe na centre irambiwe hamwe nu mwobo. Imashini ivuye muri disiki yicyuma yari yoroshye. Ariko ku bice 50.000 ku mwaka, igiciro cyicyuma cyakuweho cyabaye umurongo. Hindura igice cya PM, hamwe gusa nu mwobo wa bolt na bore yo kurangiza bikenera gukoraho CNC byihuse, gabanya igiciro cyibikoresho byigice cya kabiri hanyuma urekura ibigo bitatu byo gutunganya indi mirimo. Igiciro cyibice cyari hejuru gato, ariko igiciro cyubutaka cyari gito. Ubwo ni bwo buryo bwo gusesengura buturuka ku gutura hasi, ntabwo ari agatabo ko kugurisha gusa.
Kwishyira hamwe nigihe kizaza: Ntabwo ari igisubizo cyicecekeye
Kazoza ka ifu ya metallurgie ntabwo ihagaze wenyine nka niche. Nukwinjizwa mubikorwa byagutse byo gukora. Turimo kubona ibice byinshi bivangavanze-PM yerekana hanyuma igahimbwa (ifu yo guhunika) kugirango igere ku bucucike bwuzuye, cyangwa igice cya PM hamwe nigice cyihariye kivanze cyakozwe hakoreshejwe gufatanya. Imirongo irimo urujijo.
Kubakora nka QSY, intandaro yayo ni ugutunganya no gutunganya neza, ingamba zifatika zirimo kumenya igihe cyo gutanga inama ya PM kubakiriya. Birashobora kuba kubice bigize ibice mu nteko barimo gutunganya, cyangwa kubintu bifatika bihenze kubitera. Ibikorwa byabo byigihe kirekire muruganda byerekana ko bumva ko gutanga ibisubizo rimwe na rimwe bisobanura kuyobora umukiriya muburyo butandukanye rwose. Byubaka icyizere cyimbitse.
Ku butaka, ibibazo bikomeza kuba ingirakamaro. Gukoresha ifu bisaba ibikoresho byabigenewe, bisukuye. Gupfa gushushanya nubuhanga bwihariye. Ikirere cyo gucana itanura kigomba kugenzurwa neza. Nibikorwa byibanze cyane hamwe nubumenyi buhanitse. Niyo mpamvu, nubwo ifite ibyiza, ntabwo izasimbuza casting cyangwa gutunganya. Bizuzuzanya. Abafatanyabikorwa babishoboye cyane ni abashobora kureba igishushanyo kandi bakabogama muburyo butabogamye - gutondekanya ibishishwa bya geometrike hamwe na alloys, gushora imari kubandi, CNC gutunganya prototypes nibintu biranga kwihanganira ibintu, kandi yego, ifu ya metallurgie kuri ibyo bice byinshi, bifite imiterere-karemano aho kubungabunga ibintu ari umwami. Nibyo byukuri-ecosystem yibidukikije aho aba ifu ya metallurgie shakisha agaciro kabo.
