Xa usiva i-'2Cr13 stainless steel', ingcinga ekhawulezileyo kwabaninzi lelinye ibakala elisisiseko lemartensitic, elilungele iimela kunye neevalvu ezingabizi kakhulu. Oko akuphosakalanga, kodwa kukwenza lula okukhokelela kwiintloko ezibuhlungu kakhulu kwivenkile kunokuba kufanelekile. Inyani yeyokuba, ukuziphatha kwayo kuhleli kulo mhlaba umbindi wenkohliso-ayixoleli njenge 304, kwaye ayiqiniseki njenge 440C. Ukufumana iziphumo ezihambelanayo nayo, ngakumbi ekwenziweni nasekusebenzeni, kufuna ukuba uhloniphe ii-quirks zayo ezithile.
I-Casting Conundrum: Ulwelo kunye noKuqhekeka
Kwiqokobhe lethu lokubumba kunye nemigca yokuphosa yotyalo-mali, i-2Cr13 yiflaya rhoqo yemizimba yempompo, i-impellers, kunye neendawo ezithile zoomatshini bokutya. I-nuance yokuqala kukuthulula ubushushu. Unokucinga ngekhabhoni yayo ephakathi (~ 0.16-0.25%) kunye ne-13% Cr, iqonde ngqo. Kodwa uluhlu lwayo lokuqina luncinci kunokuba unokulindela. Galela upholile kakhulu, kwaye ufumana i-mistruns, ngakumbi kumacandelo amancinci e-impeller blade. Galela kushushu kakhulu, kunye nomngcipheko wokukrazula izikhonkwane, ngakumbi malunga nezokona zangaphakathi ezibukhali zomzimba wevalvu. Sifundile, ngaphezulu kokulahliweyo okumbalwa, ukujolisa kwisiphelo esiphezulu soluhlu olucetyiswayo kodwa ngebhendi yolawulo eqina kakhulu. Imalunga nokuyinika ukunyibilika okwaneleyo ukugcwalisa ukungunda ngaphandle kokugxininisa kakhulu kwiqokobhe eliqina.
Emva koko kukho ukusebenzisana kwezinto zokubumba. Ngenxa yokuba i-martensitic, iguqula kwaye iyancipha ngokwahlukileyo kunamabakala e-austenitic. Ngokuphosa utyalo-mali kusetyenziswa amaqokobhe e-ceramic, kuye kwafuneka sihlengahlengise iqokobhe lobushushu bangaphambi kobushushu. Ubushushu obuqhelekileyo bangaphambili be-304 bukhokelele ekuqhekekeni kwi-2Cr13 castings ngenxa yokuba ukothuka kwe-thermal ngexesha lokugalela kwakubi kakhulu. Ngoku sifudumeza phezulu kancinci, nto leyo ebonakala iphikisana nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lokuncipha, kodwa isebenzile. Yacotha isantya sokuqala sokupholisa ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela ulusu lwentsimbi lube ngokufanayo.
Unyango lobushushu emva kokuphoswa alunakuxoxisana. As-cast 2Cr13 is brittle. Kufuneka uyikhuphe. Iprothokholi eqhelekileyo kukufudumeza ukuya malunga ne-850-900 ° C, ukubamba, kunye nokupholisa kwesithando somlilo. Kodwa nali icebiso elisebenzayo: izinga lokupholisa kwimiba yesithando somlilo. Sakhe saba nebhetshi yeepompu zempompo ezigqithise iitshekhi zokuqina kodwa zisebenza kakubi, zibonisa ukunxitywa kwezixhobo ezigqithisileyo. Umba ubuyele emva kwiziko elilayishwe ngokugqithisileyo apho iindawo ezisembindini ziphole ngokucothayo, phantse njenge-anneal engaphantsi, ishiya i-microstructure ingaphantsi kunokulunga. Ngoku siqinisekisa isithuba esingcono somthwalo. Zezi zitenxa zenkqubo ezincinci ezikulumileyo.
Ubuchule: Inyani yeGummy
Ephepheni, ukukala kwayo kobuchule kulungile. Kumgangatho we-CNC, abaqhubi baya kukuxelela ukuba inokuba yi-gummy okanye intambo, ngakumbi kwimeko ye-annealed. Ayiqhekezi iitshiphusi ngokucocekileyo njengentsimbi ye-12L14, kwaye ayicocekanga njenge-303 engenasici. Undoqo kukulawula ukuqina komsebenzi. Ukuba izinga lakho lokutya liphantsi kakhulu okanye isixhobo sihlala, ngoko nangoko usebenza-wenza nzima umphezulu, kwaye ipasi elilandelayo liyathetha okanye litshise isixhobo. Sicacisa izixhobo ze-carbide ezinobuso obubukhali, obukhazimlisiwe beraki kwaye sisebenzise amazinga aphezulu okutya kunye nezantya eziphakathi. Ukupholisa kubalulekile, kungekuphela nje ukupholisa kodwa ukunceda ukuhlamba ezo chips ziqinile.
Ukwemba imingxuma enzulu kulucelomngeni olukhethekileyo. Umgangatho we-118-degree point inokubhadula kwaye ibangele ubushushu obugqithisileyo. Siye satshintshela kwi-135-degree-split-point drills kunye nomjikelo wokucotha ocothayo kunye noxinzelelo lokupholisa olwandisiweyo. Yongeza ixesha lomjikelo kodwa yaphelisa uhlengahlengiso oluninzi kunye nezixhobo ezaphukileyo. Kwinkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ephethe yonke into ukusuka ekugalweni ukuya ekugqibeleni CNC Machining phantsi kophahla olunye, ezi zifundo zidibeneyo zibalulekile. Awunako ukwenza umatshini uwedwa; kufuneka uphendule ngemeko ye-as-cast kunye nembali yonyango lobushushu lwesithuba. Inxalenye ebifakwe kancinci kwi-spec iya kulwa nawe kwilathe imini yonke.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yothotho lweespools zevalvu yoxinzelelo. Olu shicilelo lufuna ukugqitywa komgangatho ocolekileyo emhlabeni. Ukuguqula i-2Cr13 ukuya kugqiba kwakuyingxaki-sahlala sifumana ukukrazula, ukuthungwa. Siye sazama iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufakela iijiyometri kwaye ekugqibeleni safumanisa ukuba isimbo sokusula esinendlela yokugqiba elula kakhulu, sisebenzisa ulwelo oluthile lokusika oluphezulu (hayi into yethu yokupholisa eqhelekileyo), lenze iqhinga. Yayingekho kwincwadi yesandla yomatshini eqhelekileyo; yayiyimpahla yomgangatho wevenkile ezalwa kukudana.
Ukuchasana nokuMhlwa: Ukuseta okuLindekileyo okuLungileyo
Apha kulapho iingcamango eziphosakeleyo zabaxumi zinkulu. Abantu babona intsimbi engatyiwayo kwaye bacinge ukuba ayinamhlwa. 2Cr13 intsimbi engenasici inikeza kuphela uxhathiso oluphakathi lokutya. Ilungile kwiindawo ezinobungozi obuncinci, njengama-acids athile okutya okanye ukuvezwa kwe-atmospheric, kodwa iya kugoba kwiindawo ezinobutyebi be-chloride (amanzi anetyuwa, iityuwa zendlela ezinzima). Sisoloko sinale ncoko nabathengi. Kwicandelo laselwandle, sinokutyhala i-316L. Kodwa, masithi, indawo yomatshini wokubhaka evezwe kwi-acids yentlama kunye nomphunga, i-2Cr13 ixabisa kakhulu kwaye yanele ngokugqibeleleyo.
Ukunyamezela kuyanceda, kodwa ayilonyango olungummangaliso. Inkqubo yamabanga e-martensitic efana nale yahlukile kwiibhafu ze-nitric acid ezisetyenziselwa i-austenitics. Sisebenzisa inkqubo ye-citric acid-based passivation process, esebenzayo kwaye ihambelana nokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, impumelelo yayo ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumphezulu ococekileyo ngokugqibeleleyo ngaphambi kokuhlamba. Nayiphi na intsimbi edityanisiweyo esuka kumatshini okanye ekuphatheni iya kuphazamisa i-passive layer. Siphumeze inyathelo elingqongqo lokucoca kunye nokuhlola phambi kokuba kugqitywe, nto leyo eyanciphisa kakhulu izikhalazo zokurusa kwiindawo ezigqityiweyo.
Imeko yonyango lokushisa ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwe-corrosion. Indawo enomsindo ngokufanelekileyo iya kuba noxhathiso olungcono kunenye ethomalalisa uxinzelelo. Sikubhale oku ngokuvavanya iisampuli kwiibhetshi ezahlukeneyo kwikhabhathi yesitshizi setyuwa. Idatha yasinceda ukuba siqinisekise iprothokholi yethu epheleleyo yonyango lobushushu kubathengi ababezama ukuxabisa-injineli eso nyathelo. Ukutsiba unyango olululo lobushushu ukonga iindleko kudla ngokubuyisela umva kamva ngokusilela emsebenzini.
I-Welding kunye neFabrication: Qhubeka ngokuqaphela
Iyakwazi ukuwelda, kodwa ayinabuhlobo. Ukushisa kwangaphambili kucetyiswa ngamandla, malunga ne-200-300 ° C, kwaye unyango lwe-post-weld heat (PWHT) luhlala luyimfuneko ukubuyisela i-ductility kunye nokumelana nokubola kwindawo echaphazelekayo ukushisa (HAZ). Ukuba utsiba i-PWHT, i-HAZ iba lukhuni, inkenteke, kwaye ithande ukuqhekeka. Sifunde oku kwangethuba xa silungisa iintsimbi eziqhekekileyo. I-weld yokulungisa ngaphandle kokutshisa kwangaphambili kunye ne-PWHT idla ngokuqhekeka kwakhona kwiimilimitha ezimbalwa ukusuka kwi-weld bead.
Ukwenziwa kwezakhiwo ezidibeneyo ukusuka kwipleyiti okanye ibha, ukhetho lwentsimbi yokuzalisa lubalulekile. Ukhetho oluqhelekileyo luyi-309L okanye i-312 i-electrodes engenasici, enomxholo ophezulu we-alloy ukuhlawulela ukuhlanjululwa kunye nokuthintela ukuqina okugqithisileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukulawula ubushushu be-interpass kubalulekile. Siyiphatha ngakumbi njengentsimbi yentsimbi ephantsi kwe-alloy kunentsimbi engenasici. Ukutshintsha kwengqondo kubalulekile.
Umzamo omnye owasilelayo wawubandakanya umxhasi owayefuna udibaniso oludityanisiweyo lweepleyiti ze-2Cr13 kunye nezinto ezifakwayo. Banyanzelisa ukuba kungabikho PWHT ngenxa yeenkxalabo zozinzo oluphakathi. Salumkisa ngokuchasene noko kodwa saqhubeka ngokwesicelo sabo. Iinxalenye zaluphumelela uhlolo lokuqala kodwa zaqhekeka kuhambo ngexesha lobusika obubandayo. Uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo olusuka kwi-welding, oludityaniswe ne-low-temperature embrittlement ye-martensite engapheliyo kwi-HAZ, ibangele. Ngoku sifuna i-waiver esayiniweyo ukuba umxhasi uyala ukucetyiswa nge-PWHT. Ayikufanelanga ukonakala kwegama.
Ukufumana kunye nokuhambelana kwezinto: Uguquko olufihlakeleyo
Ayiyiyo yonke i-2Cr13 eyenziwe yalingana. Umahluko kwizinto ezilandelwayo ezifana nesulfure, iphosphorus, kunye nesilicon phakathi kweemill ezahlukeneyo zinokuchaphazela kakhulu ukuphosa kunye nokusebenza. Silungelelanise isixokelelwano sethu sonikezelo kangangoko sinako kwaye sicele iingxelo zovavanyo lokugaya imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Ibhetshi enesalfure kwisiphelo esiphezulu sespekthi inomatshini ongcono kancinane kodwa inokuthambekela ngakumbi ekukrazuleni okushushu ngexesha lokusalwa.
Ukusebenza neqabane ixesha elide efana QSY, kunye namashumi eminyaka utyalo mali kunye noomatshini, kuqaqambisa ixabiso lolu lawulo. Sinokuwulanda umba womatshini ubuyela kubushushu obuthile besinyithi kwaye sihlengahlengise iiparamitha zethu ezinyukayo ngokufanelekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba ibhetshi entsha iva nzima ngakumbi kuqhagamshelwano lwesixhobo sokuqala, siya kujonga owona mxholo wekhabhoni kwisatifikethi kwaye sinokuhlengahlengisa ubushushu bobushushu benotshi phambi kokuba siqale imveliso epheleleyo. Le ndlela yokuthatha inyathelo ngokukhawuleza igcina iitoni zexesha lokuphumla.
Ekugqibeleni, malunga nokwazi ukuba ungayisebenzisi nini. Ngokunyuka kwe ialloys ezikhethekileyo njenge-super duplex okanye i-nickel-based based environments, indima ye-2Cr13 njengokhetho oluthembekileyo, olunoqoqosho lwezicelo ezithile, eziqondwa kakuhle. Lihashe lomsebenzi, hayi ihashe lokubonisa. Ixabiso layo lilele ekusebenzeni kwayo okuqikelelweyo ngaphakathi kwemida yalo, kwaye ubuchwephesha bokwenene ekuchazeni nasekuhlonipheni loo mida ngenyathelo ngalinye-ukusuka kwisithando somlilo ukuya kwi-check QC yokugqibela. Kulapho iminyaka engama-30 yamava kwifemu efana neyethu ixela ngokwenene.
