Xa usithi 'ukuphosa isanti yentsimbi', abantu abaninzi banomfanekiso webhloko ekrwada, enzima kanye kumzi-mveliso wenkulungwane ye-19. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Enyanisweni, yinkqubo enobuqhetseba elinganisa uqoqosho, isayensi yezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nokusebenza okucacileyo okungafaniyo nenye into. Ngumqolo wamacandelo emizi-mveliso amaninzi, hayi kuba iyeyona 'yeyona ilungileyo' ngokwengqondo yelebhu, kodwa kuba ihlala iyeyona ilungileyo emsebenzini. Iqhinga asikokwazi nje ukugalela intsimbi esantini; kukwazi ixesha lokuyisebenzisa ngaphezu kwezinye iindlela ezinje ngokubumba iqokobhe okanye utyalo-mali, kunye nendlela yokulawula izinto ezizikhathazayo zendalo-ukuncipha, ii-engile zokuyila, uyilo lokungena olunokwenza okanye lophule ingqibelelo yelungu. Ndibone uyilo oluninzi lusilela ngenxa yokuba umntu uyiphathe njengento elula yokungena endaweni yentsimbi yokwenza.
Isanti ngokwaYo ayingobumdaka nje
Masiqale ngesiseko: isanti. Isanti eluhlaza, isanti ye-resin engabhaki-ukhetho apha luchaza yonke into. Kwi-volume ephezulu, elula kakhulu ukuphosa isanti yentsimbi iindawo, isanti eluhlaza (umxube wesanti yesilika, udongwe, kunye namanzi) kukuhamba. Ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye lisebenziseka kwakhona, kodwa umxholo wokufuma lidabi eliqhubekayo. Yome kakhulu, kwaye ukungunda kuphelelwe amandla; imanzi kakhulu, kwaye ufumana ukuqhuma komphunga ngexesha lokugalela, ukushiya iziphene zegesi ngaphantsi kwendawo yokuphosa. Ndikhumbula ibhetshi yezindlu zempompo apho sasinezithonga zokubethwa. Kusithathe usuku ukuyilanda emva kwi-spike yokufuma kwindawo yokugcina etshintshe umxube wesanti. Kunzima oko.
Ukufumana iijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo okanye ukuchaneka okungcono komgangatho, sitshintshela kwiinkqubo zokungabhaki, njenge-furan okanye i-phenolic urethane. Isanti ixutywa nentlaka engamanzi kunye ne-catalyst, kwaye iphilisa ngamandla. Ukugqitywa kuphezulu, kwaye unokufezekisa iindonga ezincinci. Kodwa ixabiso liyatsiba, kwaye ukubuyiselwa kwesanti kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi-awukwazi ukuphosa umva kwi-muller. Kwindawo efana I-Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology (QSY), apho baphatha yonke into ukusuka kwi-shell mold ukuya kwi-investment casting, isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi inkqubo yesanti yokusetyenziswa intsimbi Umsebenzi wehla kubalo oludityanisiweyo: ukuntsonkotha kwenxalenye, ubungakanani, imfuneko yokugqiba umphezulu, kunye nesibonelelo somatshini. Ayizenzekeli.
Isixhobo sepateni yenye iindleko ezifihliweyo. Kwisanti eluhlaza, uhlala ujongana neepateni zepleyiti yomdlalo, ialuminiyam okanye intsimbi, ezixabisa kakhulu ukwenza isixhobo. Ngomgama omfutshane okanye iiprototypes, sisebenzise iipateni zepolystyrene zoomatshini (indlela yogwebu elahlekileyo) ngokuthe ngqo kwisanti engabotshwanga. Iyasebenza, kodwa ukulawula ifoto yekhabhoni kunye nokuthintela iziphene ezigoqekayo njengoko ugwebu luba ngumphunga bubugcisa ngokwabo. Ufumana indawo endilisekileyo, kodwa i-metallurgy ayihambelani njengokungunda okuqinileyo kwemveli.
Ukugalela i-Iron: Akunjalo malunga neTemperature nje
I-iron engwevu, i-iron ductile-ukhetho lwe-alloy luyisiseko. I-iron engwevu, kunye neeflakes zayo zegraphite, inomthamo omkhulu wokudambisa kunye nobuchule. I-iron ene-ductile, kunye ne-nodular graphite, izisa ukomelela kunye ne-ductility ethile. Inkqubo yokugalela iyatshintsha kumntu ngamnye. Kwi-iron ductile, kufuneka ulawule i-magnesium fade ukuba usebenzisa i-ladle ephathwayo; isiphumo se-nodularizing siyehla ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngoko ke kukho ifestile engqongqo phakathi konyango kunye nokugalela. Uyiphose, kwaye i-microstructure ibuyisela, ibulala iimpawu zomatshini.
Ubushushu obuthululwayo yingxaki yeGoldilocks yakudala. Kushushu kakhulu, kwaye unyusa i-shrinkage porosity kunye nomngcipheko wokutshabalalisa iindonga zokungunda, ngakumbi kumacandelo amancinci. Kubanda kakhulu, kwaye ufumana ii-mistruns, izivalo ezibandayo, kunye nolwelo olungenamandla ukugcwalisa ukungunda. Kudidi oluqhelekileyo lwentsimbi engwevu yoKlasi 35, singajolisa malunga no-1370°C ukuya ku-1400°C, kodwa sisiqalo nje eso. Ubukhulu becandelo lenxalenye ngokwayo buchaza ubushushu obufanelekileyo. Isibiyeli esityebileyo, esinechunky sinokuthatha isantya esisezantsi; ubuninzi obuntsonkothileyo, obunodonga olucekethekileyo lufuna yonke intwana yolwelo olunikezwa liqondo lobushushu eliphezulu. Ndifunde oku kabuhlungu kumzimba wevalvu yehydraulic. Sasebenzisa i-temp eqhelekileyo kwizinto eziphathekayo, kodwa inxalenye yayinenethiwekhi yeepaseji ezincinci zangaphakathi. Kugqitywe ngesanti entle emalunga ne-80% egqityiweyo-ezinye yayiluthotho lwezivalo ezibandayo ezididayo eziye zayichitha.
Ukunyuka kunye nokutya kulapho amava okwenene abonisa khona. Intsimbi inezinga elisezantsi lokushwabana kunentsimbi, kodwa isafuna ukutyiswa njengoko iqina. Ukubeka izinyusi ngendlela engachanekanga kudala imingxunya ecuthekayo kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo zokuthwala umthwalo. Ukupholisa sesinye isixhobo-ngobuchule ukubeka intsimbi okanye ukugodola kobhedu kumngundo ukunyanzelela ukuqina ukusuka ekujuleni umva ukuya kwisikhuphukeli. Yiphazili eshushu ye-3D oyisombululayo ngamava kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, isoftware yokulinganisa. Iinkampani ezinamava anzulu, njenge-QSY enamashumi amathathu eminyaka ukuphosa kunye nomatshini, baye bakha le intuition kumawaka emisebenzi, yiyo loo nto bekwazi ukuvelisa ngokuthembekileyo isandi, ukuphosa uxinzelelo lwempompo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwevalvu.
Umgca wokuGqibela: ukuCoca, ukuCwangcisa, kunye nokuHlolwa kweNyaniso
I-Shakeout ngumsebenzi okhohlakeleyo. Ukukhutshwa kuphuma kwintlabathi eshushu, kunye namasango, iindawo zokunyuka, kunye noqweqwe lwesanti etshisiweyo. Ukusila okugqithisileyo linyathelo lokuqala. Emva koko wadubula ukudubula ukucoca umphezulu. Apha kulapho iziphene ezifihlakeleyo zihlala ziziveza khona: umngxuma ovuthela phezu komhlaba osuka esantini, intanda yokupholisa ngokukhawuleza. Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo sisiqalo nje.
Kulapho udibaniso noomatshini luba lubaluleke kakhulu. I-Foundry ekwazi ukuphatha CNC Machining, njengeenkonzo ezichazwe kwindawo ye-QSY, inenzuzo enkulu. Bayila ukuphosa ngenkqubo yomatshini engqondweni. Oko kuthetha ukongeza isibonelelo sesitokhwe esingaguqukiyo (hayi kakhulu, hayi kancinci kakhulu), ukuyila imiphezulu yedatum kwindawo yokuphosela ukulungiswa, kunye nokuqonda ukuba inxalenye iya kubanjwa njani kwi-chuck okanye kwi-vise. Ndikhe ndazibona ii-castings ezijongeka zigqibelele kodwa zingenakufikeleleka ngenxa yokuba i-bore ebalulekileyo yayikwindawo enzima yokupholisa ngokukhawuleza, itshabalalisa amasuntswana amathathu e-carbide drill ngaphambi kokuba sinikezele.
Ubungqina bokugqibela buhlala kuvavanyo olungonakalisi. Kwizinto ezibalulekileyo, sinokwenza uphononongo lwedayi yokungena kwiintanda zomphezulu okanye uvavanyo loxinzelelo. Ulwaneliseko lokwenene kukubona ikrwada ukugalela isanti-Le nto irhabaxa, imnyama-iguquka ibe yinto echanekileyo eyenziwe ngoomatshini, iindawo zayo zokukhwelana zigudile, imisonto yayo icocekile, ilungele ukubolithwa kwibhlokhi yenjini okanye isakhelo sokucinezela. Lo ngumjikelo opheleleyo, kwaye yiyo loo nto ukuphosa kungenakuqhawulwa kuqhawulo-mtshato kwimisebenzi esezantsi.
Xa iSand Casting ayiyompendulo
Ngayo yonke le ntetho malunga ukuphosa isanti yentsimbi, kubalulekile ukwazi imida yayo. Xa ufuna iindonga ezi-ultra-thin (ngaphantsi kwe-3mm), umphezulu obalaseleyo ugqibezele ngqo ngaphandle kokungunda, okanye kufutshane ne-net-shape yee-alloys ezingaqhelekanga, ezibizayo, ezinye iinkqubo ziphumelele. Kulapho ezinye izinto ezikhethekileyo ze-QSY, ukubunjwa kweqokobhe kunye nokuphosa utyalo-mali, kudlala. Ukubumba iqokobhe kusebenzisa isanti eqatywe intlaka ukwenza iqokobhe elibhityileyo, eliqinileyo, elinika ukuchaneka okungcono nokugqiba kunesanti eluhlaza. Ukuphoswa kotyalo-mali, indlela elahlekileyo yewax, yeyeyona ndawo inzima, inzulu kakhulu.
Ngomgangatho intsimbi izindlu zebhokisi yegiya, intloko yesilinda ye-injini, okanye isakhelo esisisiseko sobunzima, ukuphosa isanti phantse kusoloko lolona khetho luneendleko eziphezulu kunye nolusebenzayo. I-tooling iyalawuleka, iipropati eziphathekayo zibalaseleyo kwisicelo, kwaye i-scalability ibonakalisiwe. Kodwa ukuba umntu undizisele uyilo lwendlu entsonkothileyo yesivamvo sentsimbi enegalari yangaphakathi kunye nomphandle wokuthambisa, mhlawumbi ndibakhokelela kwiqokobhe okanye ndixoxe ukuba intsimbi utyalo-mali lunokuba lufanelekile ngaphandle kweendleko. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo-intsimbi vs. intsimbi vs. a i-alloy ekhethekileyo-Idibanisa nokukhetha inkqubo.
Ngulo mbono upheleleyo owahlula umthengisi wamacandelo kwiqabane lokwenyani lemveliso. Injongo asikokuthengisa iqonga; kukuhambisa icandelo elisebenzayo, elithembekileyo, nelinoqoqosho. Ngamanye amaxesha loo ndlela ikhokelela ngqo kwinkungu yesanti eyilwe kakuhle, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ithatha indlela. Ukuqonda umahluko osuka kumfanekiso wokuqala kumashumi eminyaka kweli shishini, njengembali ngasemva kwefemu efana neQingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology, ekugqibeleni iyakufundisa. Kuncinci malunga nokunyanzela isisombululo kwaye ngakumbi malunga nokufaka inkqubo kwingxaki.
Indaleko Engabonakaliyo
Inkqubo ayikamanga. Isoftware yokulinganisa ukuqinisa kunye nohlalutyo loxinzelelo iya ifikeleleka ngakumbi, isivumela ukuba sivavanye indawo yokunyuka kwaye siqikelele iindawo ezishushu ngaphambi kokusika isinyithi sepateni. Ukuprintwa kwe-3D ye-sand molds yi-game-changer ye-prototypes kunye neendawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-single-run, ukuphelisa iindleko zepatheni ngokupheleleyo. Imigaqo engundoqo ye-metallurgy kunye nokuhanjiswa kobushushu ihleli, kodwa izixhobo zokuyilawula ziya zisiba bukhali.
Nangona kunjalo, kuyo yonke itekhnoloji, isehla kwisakhono seqela labasunguli. Ukufunda ukwaphuka kwebar yovavanyo ukugweba ubume begraphite, ukwazi isandi esichanekileyo esenza ivili lokusila xa libetha i-shrinkage cavity, ukuqonda ukuba i-tweak encinci kwi-carbon equivalent inokuchaphazela njani ukunyanzeliswa CNC umgangatho kamva. Olu lwazi lucwangcisiweyo yeyona asethi yokwenyani.
Ngoko ke, xa ujonga a ukuphosa isanti yentsimbi, musa nje ukubona igaqa lentsimbi. Bona uthotho lwezivumelwano ngabom kunye nezigqibo zengcaphephe-ukusuka kukhetho lwesanti kunye noyilo lwesango ukuya kuqheliselo lokugalela kunye nokulungiswa komatshini. Ibubungqina bobunjineli obusebenzayo, inkqubo emalunga nezinto eziguquguqukayo ezilawulwayo njengoko imalunga nokulawula ezo zendalo. Kwaye kwishishini elihlala lileqa isisombululo esilandelayo sobuchwephesha obuphezulu, ubukho bayo obuhlala buhleli sisikhumbuzo esizolileyo sokuba ukomelela kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko akukaze kuphume kwisitayile.
