Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'impahla yokuphosa iwax elahlekileyo', ngoko nangoko bacinga ngewax ngokwayo. Leyo yimbono yokuqala ephosakeleyo. Ipatheni ye-wax sisiqalo nje, i-scaffold yethutyana. Ibali lezinto eziphathekayo liqala emva kokuba i-wax ihambile. Imalunga ne-refractory slurry, istucco, isinyithi osigalelayo, kunye nomoya okwiziko lakho lomlilo. Ukufumana nayiphi na enye yezi zinto engalunganga kuthetha umahluko phakathi kwesandi esisandi kunye nemfumba yenkunkuma enexabiso eliphezulu. Ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi zisilela ngenxa yokuba umntu wayalela umgubo wotyalo-mali 'oqhelekileyo' ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ukwanda kwe-thermal yealloyi okanye ijometri yenxalenye.
Isiseko: Yonke into iqala ngegobolondo elilungileyo
Makhe sithethe ngomngundo. Iqokobhe lotyalo-mali alikho nje 'i-plaster'. Kuninzi lwezicelo zobunjineli, ngakumbi nge-alloys enyibilikayo ephezulu, ujongana nenkqubo esekwe kwisilica, ehlala idityanisiwe yesilika okanye umgubo wezircon. I-binder ingundoqo - i-ethyl silicate okanye i-colloidal silica. Izibophelelo ze-silica ze-colloidal zixhaphake kakhulu ngoku ngenxa yokungaguquguquki kwazo, kodwa iinkqubo ze-ethyl silicate zinokukunika umphezulu obukhali ogqityiweyo kwiijiyometri ezithile, nangona zinobuchule bokuphatha. Ukhetho apha luyalela ishedyuli yakho yonke yokomisa. Ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye ufumana iintanda; ucotha kakhulu, kwaye umgca wakho wemveliso uyasila ume.
Ndikhumbula ibhetshi ye-nickel-based superalloy turbine blades esazenzayo. Ushicilelo lwabiza iindonga ezibhityileyo ngendlela emangalisayo. Sasebenzisa umgangatho wethu we-zircon primary slurry, kodwa istucco yayilibakala elingalunganga - isanti yayirhabaxa kakhulu. Ayizange itshixeke kwi-slurry ngokufanelekileyo kuloo macala acolekileyo. Isiphumo? Ukungena kwesinyithi, indawo erhabaxa njenge-cast ethathe iminyaka ukucocwa komatshini. Isifundo yayikukuba izinto zokugalela iwax ezilahlekileyo kuba iqokobhe lifuna ukudityaniswa kungekuphela nje kwintsimbi, kodwa kubungakanani besici. Ngeenkcukacha ezintle, uhamba kakuhle nge-stucco yakho ukusuka kwidyasi yokuqala, nokuba oko kuthetha ukongeza idyasi eyongezelelweyo okanye ezimbini zokomelela.
Apha kulapho amava asuka kwivenkile ekudala eqhuba abalulekile. Inkampani efana Qingdao Qiangsenyuan Technology Co., Ltd. (QSY), ngeminyaka yabo engama-30 utyalo mali kunye noomatshini, baya kuba neefomyula zabo ezinodaka kunye ne-stucco gradations zitsalelwe kwiintsapho ezahlukeneyo zezinto. Abathengi nje 'utyalo-mali' ngokubanzi; balawula ithala leencwadi lendibaniselwano yemathiriyeli yentsimbi etyhidiweyo ngokuchasene nealloyi esekwe kwicobalt, umzekelo. Olo lwazi lweziko kulungiselelo lwezinto eziphathekayo yinto oyihlawula ngokwenene.
Iwax ngokwayo: Ayizizo zonke ezidalwe zalingana
Buyela kwi-wax. Kubonakala ngathi kulula, kodwa ngumxube ochanekileyo wepolymer. Unayo i-wax yakho yepateni, i-wax yakho ye-runner, kunye ne-wax yakho yokulungisa. Zineendawo ezahlukeneyo zokunyibilika, ii-viscosities, kunye namazinga okuncipha. Ukusebenzisa i-wax yokulungiswa kwe-low-melt-point-point-high-melt-point-point pattern inokubangela ukuphazamiseka ngexesha lokuhlanganisana okanye kwiinqanaba zokuqala zokukhupha. Intloko enkulu kukwandiswa kwe-wax. Ukuba ifomula yakho yewax iyanda kakhulu kubushushu obuthile, inokwaphula iqokobhe elithambileyo eliluhlaza ngexesha lenkqubo ye-autoclave dewaxing. Poof, nantso into yokubumba yakho.
Sakhe satshintshela kumboneleli wewax 'ongabizi kakhulu' ukuze sifumane izifakelo zentsimbi engatyiwayo. Iiparamitha zokutofa kwe-wax zazicime kancinci, kwaye i-wax yayine-contraction ephezulu ye-volumetric. Kwabonakala kulungile de saqala ukudibanisa amaqela - iipateni zazihlala zijijwa kancinane, zibangela ukungahambelani kwemigca kumdlalo wokugqibela. Ukonga kwiwax kwacinywa amaxesha alishumi nge-NDT eyongezelelweyo kunye nomatshini ofunekayo. Ngoku, sinamathela kwimixube eqinisekisiweyo kwaye siqhuba iibhetshi ezincinci zovavanyo kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi entsha. Iwax yiplani yokoqobo; ukuba ayilunganga, yonke into esezantsi komlambo ayilunganga.
Ukuzaliswa kweMetal: Apho iNzululwazi yezinto eziphathekayo ifumana yokwenene
Le yinxalenye ecacileyo, kodwa igcwele ubuqili. Iphepha ledatha ye-316L i-stainless yinto enye; indlela obo bushushu bentsimbi budibana ngayo neqokobhe lakho elithile kwiqondo lobushushu lakho lokugalela lelinye. Ubumanzi, ukukrazula okutshisayo, ukuziphatha ngokushwabana – konke kukwinkcukacha. Ngama-alloys akhethekileyo afana ne-nickel okanye i-cobalt-based based lists QSY, ulawulo luqina ngakumbi. Ezi ngxubevange zihlala zisebenza. Ukuba iqokobhe lakho linekhemikhali engalunganga okanye alifakwanga ngokupheleleyo, unokufumana umaleko ombi wokusabela okuliphupho elibi ukuba uwususe.
Uyilo lwesango kunye nokutya yinxalenye ye izinto zokugalela iwax ezilahlekileyo incoko, nayo. Isixhobo sokunyuka (ngokuqhelekileyo i-alloy efanayo) ngumbingelelo obalwayo. Ubungakanani bayo kunye nokubekwa ngumsebenzi woluhlu lokuqiniswa kwe-alloy. I-alloy yoluhlu olude ludinga isicwangciso sokutya esahlukileyo kunoluhlu olufutshane. Ndibone oonokrwece abahle begalela ngokugqibeleleyo, kuphela ukufumana ukushwabana kwe-porosity kwicandelo elishinyeneyo kuba isinyusi besilahleka okanye sincinci kakhulu. Isinyithi 'yayiyi-spec', kodwa uyilo aluzange luhloniphe iimpawu zayo eziphathekayo.
Umdlali ongabonakaliyo: Umjikelo wokutshiswa
Ngokufuthi ukungahoywa kuludwe lwezixhobo ngumoya weziko lomlilo. Umjikelo wokutshiswa wenza imisebenzi emibini ebalulekileyo: isusa i-wax (ngaphandle kokukrazula iqokobhe) kwaye iphosa iqokobhe libe ngumbumba oqinileyo, ozinzileyo wekhemikhali. Amazinga obushushu erempu, ukubamba, kunye nokusingqongileyo (umoya, initrogen) zonke ziyinxalenye 'yenkqubo yezinto'. Irempu enobundlobongela kakhulu inokuvuthela amaqokobhe ngaphandle koxinzelelo lomphunga. Ubushushu bokudubula bokugqibela obungonelanga bushiya iqokobhe libuthathaka kwaye lithanda ukungena kwisinyithi.
Kwii-cores eziyinkimbinkimbi okanye izihluzi ze-ceramic ngaphakathi kwesikhunta, umjikelo wokutshiswa ubaluleke ngakumbi. Ezi zixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ceramic kunye nee-curves zabo zokwandisa. Ukuba azihambelani nokwandiswa kobushushu besixhobo seqokobhe eliphambili, ufumana iintanda zoxinzelelo. Yinkqubo. Awunakuvele uthenge imathiriyeli yeqokobhe 'elungileyo' kunye nemathiriyeli engundoqo 'elungileyo'; kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba basebenza kunye kuwo wonke umjikelo we-thermal. Lo ngumgibe wakudala kwiprototyping.
Ukungaphumeleli njengoMfundisi: Imbono eGqwethiweyo
Ukungaphumeleli kwam kwimfundo yayisisicangca, esifana nepleyiti kwintsimbi ye-ductile. Sisebenzise iqokobhe eliqhelekileyo lesilika elidityanisiweyo. Inxalenye yaphuma igobile, ngathi yitshiphu yetapile. Izinto eziphathekayo zazilungile, igobolondo yayiphelele. Umba yayikukupholisa okwahlukileyo. Imiphetho ecekethekileyo yaqina kwaye yaqina kuqala, itsalela kwiziko elisanyibilikayo, elathi laqina phantsi koxinzelelo. Izinto zeqokobhe ngokwazo, ngelixa zi-refractory, azizange zibe nokufikelela okufanelekileyo okanye ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal ukukhuthaza ukupholisa okufanayo. Siyisombulule ngokutshintshela kwinkqubo yeqokobhe enomxholo ophezulu we-alumina waloo msebenzi uthile, owatshintsha amandla okutsalwa kobushushu, kwaye ngokongeza iimbambo zeqhinga lokugodola kwipatheni yewax ngokwayo. Indifundise ukuba imathiriyeli yokubumba ithatha inxaxheba esebenzayo kwinkqubo yoqina, hayi nje isikhongozeli sokwenziwa.
Ukuyidibanisa yonke into: Inyaniso yoMgangatho wevenkile
Ngoko xa uvavanya izinto zokugalela iwax ezilahlekileyo, awukhethi izinto eshelufini. Wenza ikhonkco lezinto ezihambelanayo, ezisebenzayo. Iwax kufuneka isebenze kunye nesixhobo sakho kunye nenkqubo yokuhlanganisa. Iimathiriyeli zeqokobhe kufuneka zisebenze kunye nendlela yakho yokususa i-wax, iqondo lobushushu lentsimbi yakho, kunye nokuqina kwayo. Intsimbi kufuneka ibe yenqanaba kunye nomgangatho ohambelana noxinzelelo oluya kubonwa yinxalenye. Ekugqibeleni, yonke inkqubo kufuneka izinzile ngokwaneleyo ukuba iphindeke, ibhetshi emva kwebhetshi.
Yiyo loo nto ukusebenzisana nesiseko esinamava asikokukhupha nje inyathelo. Ucofa kulwazi lwabo olunzulu, oludla ngokuphumelela, imathiriyeli kunye nenkqubo yogcino-lwazi. Inkampani efana QSY ayikokuthengisa nje iicastings; bathengisa usetyenziso olululo lwamashumi amathathu eminyaka onxibelelwano lwemathiriyeli- besazi ukuba yeyiphi na indlela eyenziwe ngayo iqokobhe elivelisa umphezulu ocutshungulwayo kwindawo yabo. ialloys ezikhethekileyo, okanye indlela yokulungelelanisa i-preheat kwi-complex complex thin-wall steel component. Iimathiriyeli zizithako, kodwa eyona ndlela yokupheka ikwii-logbooks zevenkile kunye nethuku lamagcisa. Ungathenga iipowder ezifanayo kunye neewax abazenzayo, kodwa ngaphandle kwaloo mongo, unethemba lokuba yeyona ilungileyo. Kulo mdlalo, ithemba asiloqhinga.
