Xa abantu abaninzi besiva 'ukwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo kwecustomized precision', baba nomfanekiso wenxalenye egqibeleleyo, emenyezelayo efika ngebhokisi, ngokuchanekileyo. Inyani imbi, iyaphindaphindeka, kwaye ngokungafihlisiyo, apho owona msebenzi uyenzeka khona. Ayikokwenza nje ukubumba kwimodeli ye-3D; yingxoxo phakathi kwenjongo yoyilo kunye nefiziksi esisiseko, inkqubo apho 'ukuchaneka' kuzuzwa ngokwamkela kunye nolwazi olunzulu lwemathiriyeli, hayi nje ukufakwa kumatshini.
Umdlalo weShell: Ngakumbi kuneSanti nje
Masithethe malunga nokubunjwa kweqokobhe, enye yeendlela zethu eziphambili kwi-QSY. Eli gama ngokwalo liyinto engafanelekanga kubantu bangaphandle-ayikuko ukuba buthathaka. Kumalunga nokwakha elaa qokobhe leceramic umaleko ngokomaleko, inkqubo eziva iphantse ibe yingcibi. Ukuchaneka apha ku-slurry viscosity, ubukhulu bengqolowa ye-stucco, indawo yokomisa. Fumana enye engalunganga, kwaye uzinzo lwakho lwe-dimensional ludutyulwe. Silubonile uyilo olunobuhle, iindonga ezicekethekileyo ezingakwaziyo ukumelana nomothuko we-thermal ngexesha lokugalelwa, okukhokelela kwiintanda okanye ukuzaliswa okungaphelelanga. Lo ngumqobo wokuqala wokwenza ngokwezifiso: uhlengahlengiso uyilo lokwenziwa kokwenziwa ngaphandle kokutyhutyha umsebenzi walo. Ngamanye amaxesha oko kuthetha ukongeza uyilo olufihlakeleyo, okanye uthethathethwano ngecandelo elijiyile kancinci. Imodeli ye-CAD egqibeleleyo yomthengi ihlala idibana neyokuqala yokukhangela eyona nyani apha.
Ndikhumbula iprojekthi yendlu yempompo kwi-duplex steel stainless steel. Umxhasi wayefuna amajelo angaphakathi anzima kakhulu. Inkqubo yokubumba iqokobhe inokubamba iinkcukacha, kodwa ucelomngeni yayiyi-alloy ngokwayo-ipateni yokuqina kwayo yokuqina yayinobuqili. Kwafuneka sihambe izihlandlo ezithathu zoyilo lokunyuka kunye noyilo lwesango, sivula ngokwenyani iintsimbi ezilahliweyo ukuze sibone ukuba intsimbi ihamba njani kwaye incipha. Inkqubo yokugqibela yokungena yayibonakala ngathi ayifani nenguqulelo yeencwadi zokufunda. Oko kuchanekileyo ngokwezifiso: inkqubo ilungiselelwe ijometri ethile kunye nemathiriyeli ethile. Awunakuzahlula ezi zimbini.
Oku kukhokelela kumgibe oqhelekileyo: ukunyamezelana ngokugqithiseleyo. Iinjineli ziyakuthanda ukugquma umzobo nge-ISO 2768-mK enyamezelayo. Kodwa kwiindawo ezibunjwe iqokobhe elikhulu okanye ezintsonkothileyo, ukubamba unyamezelo oluyi-±0.5mm ngapha kobubanzi obuyi-500mm lirhamncwa elahlukileyo kunakwisibiyeli esincinci. Ngokufuthi kufuneka sityhale umva, sichaza apho kuya kwenzeka khona umahluko wendalo ngenxa yokwandiswa komngundo okanye ukucutheka, nalapho sinokuthi ngenene sibambe ukuchaneka okugqithisileyo ngeenkqubo ezilawulwayo. Imalunga nokusebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo apho ibala khona, hayi yonke indawo.
Ukwenziwa koTyalo-mali: UMtyholi weNgcaciso
Ngoku, ukuphosa utyalo-mali (i-wax elahlekileyo) kulapho uya khona kwizinto ezintsonkothileyo ngokwenene-cinga iiblade ze-turbine, izixhobo zotyando. Inaliti yepateni yewax bubugcisa bayo obumnyama. Uxinzelelo, ubushushu, kunye nesantya sokupholisa simisela imilinganiselo yokugqibela ye-wax, eguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yentsimbi. Naluphi na uxinzelelo kwi-wax lubonisa kamva. Sakhe saba nebhetshi yamacandelo ecandelo lolwandle apho iipateni zewax zikhangeleka zigqibelele, kodwa emva kokuthotywa, kwavela iintanda zeenwele kwiqokobhe. Umoni? Ukuguquguquka okuncinci kumswakama weworkshop ngexesha lokudibanisa i-wax, kubangela ukupholisa okwahlukileyo. Into encinci yokusingqongileyo yonakalise ibhetshi epheleleyo. Ukwenza ngokwezifiso apha kuthetha ukulawula zonke izinto eziguquguqukayo kwikhonkco, ngokufuthi ukwakha izithinteli zokusingqongileyo kwinkqubo engekho kuyo nayiphi na incwadi yemigaqo.
Ukukhetha izinto eziphathekayo kuba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Kwindawo yethu, tsngtaocnc.com, sidwelisa ukusebenza kunye neealloys ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-nickel-based based. Ezi ayizozinto nje zokulahla intsimbi. Iqondo lobushushu lokugalela kwi-nickel-based superalloy liphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo echaphazela ukuziphatha kwesixhobo seqokobhe-ifuna ukuchaswa okuphezulu. I-contraction ye-thermal ye-alloy post-casting nayo ihluke. Ukuba uyile isixhobo sentsimbi engenasici kwaye ngequbuliso utshintshele kwingxubevange yecobalt ngaphandle kokulungelelanisa imilinganiselo yokufa kwewax ukuze ubuyekeze ukuncipha kwento eyahlukileyo, ukuphosa kwakho 'ukuchaneka' kuya kuba kubungakanani obungalunganga. Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kubhakwa kuyilo lwesixhobo sokuqala, ukwaziswa yi-alloy.
I-Post-casting, uhambo alukapheli. Ngeenxalenye eziphosiweyo zotyalo-mali, ngakumbi kwizicelo eziphezulu zentembeko, uhlala ujonge kwi-HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing) ukuvala i-micro-porosity yangaphakathi. Eli lelinye inyathelo ekuthethwe ngalo. Yongeza iindleko kunye nexesha, kodwa kwiindawo ezijongene noxinzelelo lokudinwa, ayixoxiswana. Ukugqiba oku kunye nomxhasi yinxalenye yokuhamba kwenkqubo yesiko.
CNC Machining: Iqabane eliyimfuneko
Kulapho imodeli yenkonzo epheleleyo kaQingdao Qiangsenyuan yenza ingqiqo. Kakhulu, kumbalwa okwasatywayo okuchanekileyo 'kubume obunetha' obulungele ukusetyenziswa. Uninzi lunemigangatho ebalulekileyo, ubuso bokukhwelana, okanye imingxuma enemisonto efuna umatshini. I-synergy ibalulekile. Iqela lethu lomatshini liyayazi indlela elisebenza ngayo iqela lethu labasunguli. Bayazi ukuba bangalindela phi imigca yokwahlula, ukugqwetheka okuncinci okunokwenzeka, okanye apho isitokhwe esongezelelweyo sinikezelwe ngokuthembekileyo. Olu ncedo lwangaphakathi luyinxalenye enkulu yonikezelo lwecandelo lokugqibela elichanekileyo.
Senze uthotho lwemizimba yevalvu ngentsimbi etyhidiweyo mva nje. Umphezulu we-as-cast wawulungile, kodwa ipateni yomngxuma webhawudi yeflange kunye nomphezulu wokutywina wawufuna umcaba opheleleyo kunye nokuchaneka kwendawo. Ngenxa yokuba siye sazenza zombini, singakwazi ukuyila ukuphosa kunye ne-machining datums ezidibeneyo-iipads ezincinci eziphoswe ngokukodwa kumatshini we-CNC ukuba ubambe kunye nokubhekisela kuyo. Le yindlela efihlakeleyo kodwa enamandla yokwenza ngokwezifiso. Asikokwenza nje inxalenye; iyila uhambo lulonke ukusuka kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuya ekugqityweni kokulungileyo. Ivenkile yoomatshini yangaphandle ayinakuba nalo mbono, enokukhokelela kwiingxaki zokulungisa kunye nokulahlwa.
Ukhetho lweeparamitha zomatshini kwakhona kuxhomekeke kwimeko ye-as-cast. Inxalenye kwi-17-4PH yensimbi engenasici iya kunqunyulwa ngokwahlukileyo kunomnye kwi-316L. Iminyaka yethu engama-30 ekudidiyeleni nasekwenzeni iimachine kuthetha ukuba sakhe ithala leencwadi lale miqobo, engomnye umaleko ongabonakaliyo 'wokuchaneka'—ukuchaneka kolwazi lwenkqubo.
IiNuances zeMathiriyeli: Apho ithiyori idibana nendebe yokugalela
Xa sithetha ngemathiriyeli, uludwe olukwi-intro-cast iron, iron, stainless, special alloys-ayiyo menu nje. Usapho ngalunye luziphatha okwesilwanyana esahlukileyo. Intsimbi engwevu ihamba kakuhle kwaye iyaxolela, kodwa i-brittle. Intsimbi ye-Ductile yongeza izinto eziguquguqukayo zonyango lwe-magnesium. Iintsimbi ezingenazintsimbi, ngakumbi i-austenitic 300 series, inokuncipha okuphezulu kwaye ithanda ukukrazuka kushushu ukuba ubulukhuni bokungunda abukho ndawo.
Ii-alloys ezikhethekileyo, njengezinto ezisekelwe kwi-nickel, zikwi-league yazo. Amaxesha amaninzi akwimo engqongileyo egqithisileyo: ubushushu obuphezulu, umhlwa ophezulu. Kodwa ifestile yabo yokuphosa icuthene. Ukunyibilika kufuneka kucoceke, isantya sokugalela kanye kanye, kunye nobushushu bokungunda bulawuleke ukunqanda ukugodola kwangaphambi kwexesha. Sifunde oku ngendlela enzima kwangethuba nge-alloy ye-NiCrMo. I-chemistry yayigqibelele, kodwa iimvavanyo zoomatshini aziphumelelanga. Umba yayiyi-micro-shrinkage yasasazeka kuyo yonke indawo. Isisombululo sasingekho kwi-ladle yekhemistri; kwakusekutshiseni kwangaphambili ukubumba kwiprofayili ethile ukukhuthaza ukuqiniswa kolwalathiso. Lolo luhlobo lwenkqubo yokulungisa izinto ezithile ezichaza isiphelo esiphezulu ukuphosa okuchanekileyo okulungiselelweyo.
Kungenxa yoko le nto awukwazi nje ukucaphula kuluhlu lwamaxabiso asekelwe kubunzima bale misebenzi. Uphuhliso lwenkqubo luyinxalenye yeendleko. I-alloy entsha okanye ijometri egqithisileyo ihlala ithetha ukugalelwa kovavanyo, ukwahlulahlula, i-NDT, kunye novavanyo lomatshini phambi kokuba sikhanyise luhlaza imveliso. Olona tyalo-mali lokwenyani ngokuchanekileyo.
Umba woLuntu kwiNkqubo yeDijithali
Ngayo yonke le ntetho yenkqubo kunye nesayensi yezinto eziphathekayo, into yomntu isengenakuthatha indawo. Isoftware yokulinganisa ilungile — siyayisebenzisa — kodwa sisikhokelo. Umnxeba wokugqibela kuyilo lokungena, okanye ukutolika i-X-reyi yerediyo yesiphene somda, uvela kumava. Umenzi wepatheni uva i-wax yoxinzelelo, umqhubi wesithando somlilo ogweba umphezulu we-meniscus wesinyithi kwiqondo lokushisa elifanelekileyo lokugalela ... ezi zizakhono ezingabhalwanga.
Ndicinga ngegqala lochwephesha esinalo, obekunye ne-QSY ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini. Uyakwazi ukujonga umbala wentsimbi etyhidiweyo eziko kwaye akuxelele ngaphakathi kuluhlu olurhabaxa ukuba yintoni ubushushu, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba 'uthule' kwaye ulungele ukugalela. Eso ngqiqo, esakhiwe ekuboneni amawaka okugalela, sithintela isiphithiphithi kunye nokungena kwegesi ekungekho nzwa inokukhusela ngokupheleleyo. Ngexesha lokuzenzekela, olu lwazi lucwangcisiweyo yeyona nto iphambili yokwenza ngokwezifiso kwisiseko. Yinto ejika inkqubo eqhelekileyo ibe yi-a ukuphosa okuchanekileyo okulungiselelweyo isisombululo.
Ekugqibeleni, yiloo nto igama elimele lithethe. Ayingomgca wemveliso osemgangathweni. Kukusebenzisana, ukusonjululwa kwengxaki eqala ngengqikelelo kwaye iphele ngecandelo elisebenzayo nelithembekileyo. Imalunga nokulawula okulindelweyo, imiqobo yokunxibelelana, kunye nokusebenzisa izifundo eziphumelele nzima njengoko imalunga nesinyithi kunye nejometri. Ukuchaneka kubudlelwane njengoko kwimveliso.
